ondansetron (ondansetron, ODT / Zofran ODT)

Modulation of the Liver-Brain Axis by Ondansetron in Thio-Acetamide-Induced Acute Hepatic Encephalopathy.

Sari Fatih Mehmet FM, Bilgin Yasin Y, Cicek Betul B, Kurt Engin E et al.

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a severe neurological complication of liver failure characterized by hyperammonemia, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and progressive neuronal dysfunction. Ondansetron (OND), a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonist, has reported anti-inflammatory and neuroactive properties, but its effects in HE remain poorly defined. This study evaluated OND in a thioacetamide (TAA)-induced acute HE model in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were assigned to Control, TAA, OND, TAA+OND (0.5 mg/kg), and TAA+OND (1 mg/kg) groups. Serum and cerebral glutamine, oxidative and antioxidant parameters, histopathological alterations, and TLR2, NF-κB, IL-1β, GFAP, NLRP3, and caspase-1 immunoreactivity were assessed in liver and brain tissues. TAA increased glutamine accumulation, produced tissue injury, altered redox parameters, and increased several inflammation-related markers. OND significantly reduced cerebral glutamine and attenuated selected biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical alterations, with generally more pronounced effects at 0.5 mg/kg. These findings indicate that OND administration is associated with partial modulation of metabolic, oxidative, inflammatory, and structural alterations in TAA-treated rats, warranting further receptor-specific and functional studies to clarify its mechanisms and therapeutic relevance.

Understanding Organic Adlayer Formation on CoOx-Terminated PtCoO2.

Hazeldine Kerry K, Soulié Jean-Philippe JP, Vehkamäki Marko M, Ritala Mikko M et al.

PtCoO2 is an attractive candidate for next-generation interconnects due to its exceptionally low in-plane resistivity, but its susceptibility to degradation under reducing conditions necessitates effective surface passivation strategies. In this work, the deposition of organic adlayers on PtCoO2 was systematically investigated using octadecylphosphonic acid (ODPA), octylphosphonic acid (OPA), 1-octadecanethiol (ODT), and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). The influence of immersion time (0.5-48 h) and surface pre-treatment (untreated, ethanol-cleaned, and UV-ozone-treated surfaces) was evaluated using water contact angle (WCA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Low-energy ion scattering (LEIS) confirmed a CoOx-rich surface termination, which strongly influenced adsorption behaviour. Among the molecules studied, phosphonic acids exhibited the strongest interaction with the surface, with ODPA producing the highest WCAs (97-99°) and clear evidence of phosphonate bonding. Comparison with OPA revealed the importance of alkyl chain length in promoting hydrophobicity and molecular organisation, yielding values of 77-88°. In contrast, ODT exhibited heterogeneous adsorption, sulphur oxidation, and aggregate formation, while TFA showed limited surface retention. Overall, ODPA was identified as the most effective adsorbate, establishing phosphonic acid-based self-assembled monolayers as promising candidates for the passivation of PtCoO2 and related conductive oxide materials.

Correlating Force-Conductance-Structure in Au-1,8-Octanedithiol-Au Molecular Electronics.

Wang Huachuan H, Ma Xiangyu X, Li Qinrao Q, Rao Qi Q et al.

Because atomic-scale junction configurations cannot be directly resolved during break-junction measurements, simulations are needed to connect experimental force and conductance signatures with plausible interfacial structures. Here, we use configurational-bias Monte Carlo, driven molecular dynamics, and DFT+NEGF transport calculations to interpret the electromechanical response of Au-1,8-octanedithiol (ODT)-Au junctions measured by conductive atomic force microscopy break-junction experiments. Under cyclic stretching and compression with a modulation amplitude of 1.2 Å, reproducible force and conductance responses are observed. The simulations generate metastable configurations containing one, two, and three bridging ODT molecules and reproduce characteristic force ranges and conductance levels consistent with experiment. Structural analysis reveals configuration-dependent load distribution, junction deformation, molecular reorientation, and local Au-S coordination. The DFT+NEGF results further show that conductance modulation is governed mainly by changes in the Au-S contacts rather than deformation of the alkane backbone. These findings provide an atomistic interpretation of the measured electromechanical responses and clarify how junction configuration and contact rearrangement influence transport in Au-ODT-Au molecular junctions.

Does Repeated-Dose Ondansetron Provide Additional Benefit in Children with Acute Gastroenteritis? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Fonseca Caio Henrique Prado CHP, Sobral Milene Vitória Sampaio MVS, Cordeiro E Silva José Henrique JH