ondansetron (ondansetron, ODT / Zofran ODT)

✓ Approved

GSK · HTR3A · 小分子

什么是 ondansetron？

ondansetron 是一种小分子，由GSK研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Oral (PO)。

药物档案

商品名	ondansetron, ODT, Zofran ODT
公司	GSK
药物类别	小分子
分子靶点	HTR3A
给药途径	Oral (PO)
状态	Approved

来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, GSK

作用机制

分子靶点

ondansetron 作用于 1 个分子靶点：

HTR3A

5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A (5-HT3R, 5-HT-3)

需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

相关研究文献

PubMedNPJ science of food2026-09-10

Machine learning reveals structural determinants of odor detection thresholds and identifies high-potency food odorants.

Hou Xin X, Zhou Zhilei Z, Shi Peiqin P, Wang Yan Y et al.

Odor detection threshold (ODT) quantifies the perceptual potency of volatile compounds and is a key parameter in flavor chemistry. It is widely used to identify key food odorants, calculate odor activity values, and evaluate the contribution of volatiles to overall aroma perception. However, reliable ODT data remain sparse and inconsistent, and are unavailable for many volatiles detected in metabolomics analyses, complicating the identification of key food odorants and the quantitative interpretation of aroma contributions. Here we developed a machine learning framework to predict aqueous ODTs using a curated dataset of 1003 compounds, achieving a test-set R² of 0.83. External validation with 177 independently measured compounds supported the model's predictive utility, with 87.0% of predictions falling within a 10-fold deviation and 97.7% within a 100-fold deviation. Structural analysis suggested that aliphatic acids and nitrogen-containing compounds exhibit relatively high ODTs, whereas acyclic sulfur compounds, methoxypyrazines, haloanisoles, and exocyclic esters display low ODTs. Model-guided screening prioritized candidate high-potency odorants, and human sensory evaluation of 12 representative compounds provided preliminary prospective support for the prioritization workflow. These results provide a computational framework for prioritizing potent food odorants and offer data-driven insights into molecular features associated with odor potency in food aroma chemistry.

PMID 42716919

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PubMedCureus2026-09-10

Treating Intractable Nausea and Vomiting in Cerebellar and Medullary Stroke.

Bhatti Adil A, Schultz Peter P, Amin Shantanu S, Khalid Taimur T et al.

Cerebellar and medullary stroke can cause persistent nausea and vomiting that may be resistant to initial antiemetic monotherapy and interfere with oral intake and recovery. Evidence guiding management remains limited. We report a 48-year-old man with diabetes mellitus and acute-to-subacute infarcts involving the inferomedial right cerebellum and posterior right medulla who presented with 10 days of persistent nausea and vomiting accompanied by focal neurologic symptoms. Diabetic gastroparesis was considered, but abdominal imaging and gastric emptying scintigraphy did not support a contributory gastrointestinal cause. Ondansetron and metoclopramide provided only limited or temporary relief. Symptoms improved after sequential escalation to ondansetron, chlorpromazine, prochlorperazine, and amitriptyline; transdermal scopolamine was included in the discharge regimen. Nausea and vomiting were nearly resolved before discharge and fully resolved by three-month follow-up. Because multiple medications were introduced over a short interval and natural neurologic recovery may have contributed, the effect of any individual agent or combination cannot be determined. This case suggests that receptor-diverse pharmacotherapy may be considered when initial treatment fails while underscoring the need for further study of efficacy, safety, and medication sequencing.

PMID 42719464

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PubMedEnvironmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)2026-09-08

Integrating molecular properties and olfactory receptor binding affinities for identifying environmental odorants.

Zhan Jun J, Wang Yujing Y, Shen Yilin Y, Lü Fan F et al.

Odorous volatile compounds released from waste and wastewater treatment, soil remediation, industrial manufacturing, and livestock operations have become a growing environmental and public health concern. However, identifying key odor compounds within complex emissions remains a fundamental challenge, as odor impact is governed not solely by chemical concentration, but by the odor detection thresholds (ODTs) and odor qualities. Although machine-learning approaches have shown promise in predicting odor characteristics of compounds, existing models primarily rely on molecular physicochemical properties while overlooking the biological interactions between odorants and the human olfactory system. Here, a computational framework integrating molecular descriptors, structural fingerprints, and simulated molecule-olfactory receptor (OR) binding affinities was developed to predict ODTs and odor qualities of volatile compounds. Our framework outperforms conventional physicochemical-based models, with particularly strong discriminative capability for garlic, alliaceous, and sulfurous odors-compound classes commonly associated with odor pollution. The molecular polarity, structural complexity, and OR binding affinity are further identified as prior factors for odor perception. Key ORs governing ODT and odor quality predictions are separately pinpointed. By bridging odorant-OR interaction and molecular information, this framework offers a practical tool for screening unknown environmental odorants, supporting targeted odor pollution management, regulatory threshold setting, and development of environmental monitoring strategies.

PMID 42710564

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PubMedPediatric emergency care2026-09-07

Effect of Intravenous Pantoprazole on Clinical Outcomes in Pediatric Acute Gastroenteritis: A Placebo-Controlled RCT.

Malekiantaghi Armen A, Babajani Nastaran N, Saeedian Behrad B, Eftekhari Kambiz K

Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a common cause of pediatric emergency visits, and vomiting often complicates oral rehydration. Despite lack of evidence, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are sometimes used empirically for persistent vomiting. We evaluated the effect of intravenous pantoprazole on clinical outcomes in children with AGE and persistent vomiting after ondansetron. This double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial was conducted at Bahrami Children's Hospital, Tehran, Iran Children aged 4 months to 18 years with AGE and persistent vomiting despite ondansetron were randomized to receive intravenous pantoprazole (2 mg/kg/d) or placebo. Primary outcomes were vomiting frequency, time to oral tolerance, and length of hospital stay. Analyses used the Mann-Whitney U test, the Fisher exact test, and the ordinal logistic regression. Of 100 children [51 pantoprazole, 49 placebo; median age 14 months (IQR: 11 to 24), 67% male], there were no significant differences between groups in post-treatment vomiting episodes (P=0.64), time to oral tolerance at 6 hours (71% vs. 79%, P=0.37) or 12 hours (86% vs. 86%, P=0.78). However, hospital length of stay was significantly longer in the pantoprazole group [median 2 days (IQR: 1 to 3) vs. 1 day (IQR: 1 to 2), P=0.01]. Ordinal logistic regression showed that the placebo group had 80% lower odds of prolonged hospitalization (adjusted OR=0.2, 95% CI: 0.09-0.43). Subgroup analyses revealed that this difference was more pronounced in children under 2 years, regardless of reflux history, and in formula-fed children (P=0.01 for each). Intravenous pantoprazole does not reduce vomiting or improve oral tolerance in children with acute gastroenteritis. Furthermore, it is associated with longer hospital stays. Empirical PPI use in this setting is not supported by current evidence.

PMID 42703070

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PubMedJournal of paediatrics and child health2026-09-04

Primary Care Ondansetron Use and Subsequent Emergency Department Utilization in Children With Acute Gastroenteritis.

Borland Jamar J, Hsieh Michael T MT, Rivera-Sepulveda Andrea A

Evaluate whether outpatient ondansetron prescription or in-office administration during a primary care (PC) visit was associated with subsequent emergency department (ED) utilization and downstream healthcare recourse utilization among children with acute gastroenteritis (AGE). We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children aged 6 months to < 18 years presenting to 39 PC clinics with vomiting, diarrhoea, or AGE between 2017 and 2023. Only the first eligible visit for each child was included. The primary outcome was an ED visit within 7 days of the index PC visit. Secondary outcomes included ED acuity, hospital admission, and ED healthcare resource utilization among children subsequently presenting to the ED. Associations were evaluated using logistic and negative binomial regression models. We included 11 343 unique children. Ondansetron was prescribed during 3789 (33.4%) index PC visits, including 782 (20.6%) children who also received an in-office dose. Overall, 63 children (0.6%) presented to the ED within 7 days. Outpatient ondansetron prescription was not associated with subsequent ED utilization (OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.63-1.78; p = 0.798). Among children subsequently presenting to the ED, prior ondansetron exposure was not associated with ED acuity, hospital admission, or overall healthcare resource utilization, although fewer laboratory tests were performed (IRR 0.45, 95% CI 0.22-0.89; p = 0.026). Outpatient ondansetron prescription during PC visits for paediatric AGE was not associated with reduced ED utilization within 7 days. These findings should not be interpreted as evidence that ondansetron lacks clinical benefit but rather that downstream healthcare utilization is influenced by factors beyond symptom control alone. Ondansetron should continue to be considered an adjunct to oral rehydration therapy in appropriately selected children with AGE.

PMID 42693814

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PubMedMinerva anestesiologica2026-09-04

Comment on: Preoperative ondansetron lozenge for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in pediatrics undergoing squint surgeries: a randomized controlled trial.

Koç Muhammed N MN, Keklicek Ömer Ö

PMID 42693895

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ondansetron (ondansetron, ODT / Zofran ODT)

什么是 ondansetron？

药物档案

作用机制

分子靶点

相关研究文献

Machine learning reveals structural determinants of odor detection thresholds and identifies high-potency food odorants.

Treating Intractable Nausea and Vomiting in Cerebellar and Medullary Stroke.

Integrating molecular properties and olfactory receptor binding affinities for identifying environmental odorants.

Effect of Intravenous Pantoprazole on Clinical Outcomes in Pediatric Acute Gastroenteritis: A Placebo-Controlled RCT.

Primary Care Ondansetron Use and Subsequent Emergency Department Utilization in Children With Acute Gastroenteritis.

Comment on: Preoperative ondansetron lozenge for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in pediatrics undergoing squint surgeries: a randomized controlled trial.

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