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ciprofloxacin

✓ Approved

Nanodaru · gyrA · 小分子

什么是 ciprofloxacin？

ciprofloxacin 是一种小分子，由Nanodaru研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Injectable (Others)、Intravenous (IV)。

药物档案

公司Nanodaru
药物类别小分子
分子靶点gyrA, parC, , , , , ,
给药途径Injectable (Others), Intravenous (IV)
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Nanodaru

作用机制

分子靶点

ciprofloxacin 作用于 8 个分子靶点：

gyrADNA gyrase subunit A (nalA, parD)
parCDNA topoisomerase IV subunit A (ECK3010)
DNA topoisomerase IV subunit A, Bacillus anthracis ()
DNA gyrase subunit A, Bacillus anthracis ()
DNA topoisomerase IV subunit A, Legionella pneumophila ()
DNA topoisomerase IV subunit A, Neisseria gonorrhoeae ()
DNA gyrase subunit A, Neisseria gonorrhoeae ()
(gyrA, PMI1732)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

ciprofloxacin 针对 12 个适应症，涉及 3 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Infections and infestationsAnthrax✓ Approved
InvestigationsBody temperature increased✓ Approved
Infections and infestationsLower respiratory tract infection✓ Approved
Infections and infestationsOsteomyelitis✓ Approved
Infections and infestationsPneumonia✓ Approved

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相关研究文献

PubMedACS omega2026-10-25

Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Studies: Evaluation of the Potential Interaction between Ciprofloxacin-DAB-PAMAM Dendrimer-Based Prodrug Prototypes and Human Carboxylesterase 1.

Sueyoshi Sophia S, Raimo Lucas B LB, Coutinho Lucas P LP, Brito Marcos O O MOO et al.

Ciprofloxacin is widely used as a drug for broad-spectrum treatment of infections. However, it is classified as class IV by the Biopharmaceutics Classification System, being characterized by low solubility and permeability. Aiming to contribute to the rational design that may improve the biopharmaceutical properties to increase drug efficacy, two series of prototypical compounds were designed: (1) ciprofloxacin prodrugs and (2) ciprofloxacin dendrimer prodrugs. Thus, this study performed molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to evaluate the interaction between the designed ligands and human carboxylesterase 1 (2H7C), focusing on comparing the results from both series of selected ligands. Additionally, nonspecific esterase was chosen due to its ability to cleave ester bonds in vivo, releasing the bioactive compound. The molecular docking results pointed out that the distance between the carbonyl group and Ser221 was shorter for Compounds 1 (dock 19: 2.2 Å) and 4 (dock 12: 1.8 Å). The MD simulations produced reasonable receptor-ligand complex interactions, which can be observed from the RMSD analysis showing significantly different trajectories with average atomic positions varying from 1.6 to 2.5 Å. Through the MD trajectories, the Potential Energy of Interaction (PEI) average values, ranging from -281.6 kJ/mol up to -1061.9 kJ/mol, showed strong interaction between the ciprofloxacin ligands and the Ser221 active site together with the MM/PBSA results. The findings indicated that the larger prodrug generations increased general receptor-ligand interaction and also specific ligand-SER interaction; thus, these findings demonstrate the potential of ciprofloxacin nanocompounds as a rationally designed treatment for infectious diseases.

PMID 42923628
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PubMedLaryngoscope investigative otolaryngology2026-10-25

Topical Ciprofloxacin for Non-Perforated Acute Otitis Media: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Ghadban Elie E, Boutros Tigresse T, Romani Diala D, Dunya Gabriel G

Acute otitis media is a common pediatric infection and a leading cause of oral antibiotic prescriptions. Topical antibiotics are effective in perforated acute otitis media or tympanostomy tube otorrhea but lack evidence in intact tympanic membrane. This study evaluates adjunctive topical ciprofloxacin ear drops use when added to oral antibiotics in non-perforated pediatric otitis media. This prospective open-labeled randomized controlled trial was conducted between February 2024 and December 2025 at an outpatient pediatric referral clinic. Ninety children (0-15 years) with acute otitis media and intact tympanic membranes were randomized (45 per group). Combined therapy consisted of topical ciprofloxacin ear drops plus oral amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Primary outcomes included time to complete pain resolution, time to fever resolution, and daily pain trajectory (Faces Pain Scale-Revised). Time-to-event outcomes were analyzed according to the intention-to-treat principle using Kaplan-Meier methods. Combination therapy accelerated pain and fever resolution. Median time to sustained pain resolution was 3 days with combined therapy versus 5 days with oral therapy alone (RMST10: 3.29 vs. 5.42 days; log-rank p < 0.001). Median time to sustained fever resolution was 4 versus 6 days, respectively (RMST10: 4.76 vs. 5.73 days; log-rank p = 0.033). Adjunctive topical ciprofloxacin combined with oral antibiotics was associated with faster pain and fever resolution in children with non-perforated acute otitis media, without increasing adverse events, supporting a potential complementary role. These findings are hypothesis-generating and require confirmation in larger populations before informing changes in clinical practice. 2.

PMID 42921164
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PubMedInternational journal of pharmaceutics2026-10-25

Calixarene-based nanocarrier for ciprofloxacin and curcumin: evaluation of antibacterial, antibiofilm, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

Ferreri Loredana L, Cambria Lucia L, Ginestra Giovanna G, Taviano Maria Fernanda MF et al.

Drug delivery and multidrug therapy are essential research fields in the fight against complex diseases, including infections. Here, we investigated the capability of a polyanionic nanocarrier, formed through the spontaneous self-assembly of an amphiphilic p-sulfonate-calix[4]arene derivative, to load ciprofloxacin and curcumin, both individually and in combination, using a simple and reproducible organic solvent-free method. Entrapment in the nanocarrier enhanced the aqueous solubility and stability of both ciprofloxacin and curcumin and protected them from UV light-induced photodegradation. The supramolecular nanosized assemblies exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram-positive (S. aureus ATCC 6538) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli ATCC 10536, P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027) bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant strains (S. aureus (MRSA) ATCC 43300, S. aureus 1199B, Enterococcus faecium DSM 17050, Acinetobacter baumannii DSM 106838, E. coli DSM 105388, and P. aeruginosa DSM 102273). Against S. aureus 1199B, the nanoassemblies reduced biofilm formation, an effect largely attributable to the empty nanocarrier, and were effective against mature biofilms. The antioxidant activity of curcumin was preserved following its incorporation into the nanocarrier, as demonstrated by its DPPH radical scavenging activity. Additionally, the nanoassemblies loaded with ciprofloxacin and curcumin showed anti-inflammatory effects, as evidenced by the reduced TNF-α levels in LPS-stimulated eukaryotic cells. The multifunctional nature of the nanoassemblies highlights their potential for combining antimicrobial, radical-scavenging and anti-inflammatory properties, offering a promising approach to addressing the complex challenges associated with bacterial infections, including those involving biofilms.

PMID 42927804
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PubMedRSC advances2026-10-25

Fabrication and application of an ionic liquid-agarose-glycerin composite for the liquid phase microextraction of fluoroquinolones from water and wastewater samples prior to HPLC-PDA.

Al-Ghrairi Amal A, Sorouraddin Saeed Mohammad SM, Afshar Mogaddam Mohammad Reza MR, Farajzadeh Mir Ali MA

In the present study, a new extraction procedure was developed by preparing a cylinder gel composed of agarose, glycerol, and a hydrophobic ionic liquid. The agarose-glycerol matrix serves as a solid support that entraps the ionic liquid within its three-dimensional network; upon heating, the gel gradually softened and released the ionic liquid into the aqueous solution of analytes, where it acted as a micro-extractant. This approach was applied for the simultaneous preconcentration and extraction of two fluoroquinolone antibiotics, ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin, from water and wastewater samples. Key parameters affecting extraction efficiency, including ionic liquid type, ionic liquid loading volume, salt concentration, sample temperature, pH, number of gel migration cycles, and elution solvent type and volume, were systematically optimized. Under the optimal conditions, limits of detection for ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin were 0.09 and 0.06 ng mL-1 and limits of quantification were 0.29 and 0.19 ng mL-1, respectively. The linear ranges of calibration curves were 0.29-150 and 0.19-150 ng mL-1 with determination coefficients of 0.991 and 0.985, respectively. The extraction recoveries were 79 ± 4% for ciprofloxacin and 87 ± 5% (n = 3) for enrofloxacin. The method was validated in real samples (pharmaceutical wastewater, tap water, river water, and dam water) spiked at two levels (5 and 25 ng mL-1 of each analyte), yielding relative recoveries in the range of 89-107%, confirming its effectiveness in complex matrices. The proposed technique offered high sensitivity, acceptable repeatability, and negligible organic solvent consumption, making it a green and efficient alternative for monitoring antibiotic residues in environmental waters.

PMID 42921203
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PubMedOpen medicine (Warsaw, Poland)2026-10-25

Molecular insights into drug repurposing and drug target proteins identification for Yersinia enterocolitica.

Kanwal Munazza M, Bilal Muhammad M, Faheem Muhammad M, Awan Uzma Azeem UA et al.

Infectious diseases caused by bacteria such as Yersinia enterocolitica pose significant global health challenges. Y. enterocolitica, a Gram-negative bacterium, is known for causing gastrointestinal diseases in humans. The objective of this study was to identify potential drug targets to combat Y. enterocolitica infections. A pan-genome analysis of 22 complete genomes of Yersinia enterocolitica was combined with subtractive genomics to identify potential drug targets. VacSol was used to screen for non-host homologous proteins, and essential proteins were identified using the Database of Essential Genes (DEG). Cytoplasmic proteins were selected based on predicted subcellular localization, modeled using SWISS-MODEL, and refined using GalaxyRefine. Their potential interactions with 30 fluoroquinolone compounds were evaluated through molecular docking using AutoDock Vina and MD simulation through GROMACS was performed. The analysis identified 3,025 core genes, 2,267 non-host homologous proteins, and 29 essential proteins. Nine cytoplasmic proteins were selected for structural modeling and docking. Promising predicted interactions included the two-component response regulator OmpR with ciprofloxacin, large ribosomal subunit protein uL13 with nalidixic acid, phosphoheptose isomerase with norfloxacin, and protein-export protein SecB with ciprofloxacin. These findings indicated that these proteins are viable targets for drug development against Y. enterocolitica. The increasing antibiotic resistance of Y. enterocolitica highlights the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies, making these insights crucial for future drug development.

PMID 42927369
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PubMedACS omega2026-10-25

HMIL@ZIF-67/SiC Composite with MOFs-on-MOFs Structure for Activated Persulfate Degradation of Ciprofloxacin.

Pei Haonan H, Liu Siyuan S, Yuan Jiaqi J, Wang Nannan N et al.

To address the challenge of thoroughly removing the antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIP) using conventional processes, this study employed a MOFs-on-MOFs strategy. Utilizing silicon carbide (SiC) as the electron transport medium, cobalt-based zeolite imidazolate framework (ZIF-67) was in situ formed on the surface of a titanium-based metal-organic framework (MIL-125). This approach successfully constructed the MIL@ZIF-67/SiC ternary heterojunction composite. Characterization revealed that this material significantly suppressed metal ion leaching by forming Ti-O-Co bonds, while the introduction of SiC effectively promoted interfacial charge transfer. Performance evaluation demonstrated that the optimized MIL@ZIF-67/SiC catalyst (1:2 ratio) achieved over 96% CIP degradation within 30 min, exhibiting broad-spectrum degradation capabilities toward pollutants including tetracycline and Rhodamine B. Mechanistic analyses suggest that the Co2+/Co3+ redox cycle in ZIF-67 plays a central role in PMS activation and reactive oxygen species generation. Titanium oxide clusters in MIL-125 regulate the electron density at cobalt sites via interfacial charge transfer, while the incorporation of SiC is proposed to facilitate interfacial electron transfer and promote the regeneration of Co2+ from Co3+. These results suggest that the synergistic interaction among MIL-125, ZIF-67, and SiC facilitates PMS activation and sustains the catalytic redox process. Density functional theory calculations were employed to identify the reactive sites of CIP molecules. This study provides new insights for designing multimetal MOF heterojunction environmental functional materials.

PMID 42923978
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