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levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (Liletta / LNG20 / LNG 20)

✓ Approved

AbbVie, Inc. · PGR · 类固醇

什么是 levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system？

levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system 是一种类固醇，由AbbVie, Inc.研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Others、Surgical Implantation。

药物档案

商品名Liletta, LNG20, LNG 20
公司AbbVie, Inc.
药物类别类固醇, 小分子
分子靶点PGR
给药途径Others, Surgical Implantation
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, AbbVie, Inc.

作用机制

分子靶点

levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system 作用于 1 个分子靶点：

PGRprogesterone receptor (NR3C3, PR)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Reproductive system and breast disordersHeavy menstrual bleeding✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedMinerva obstetrics and gynecology2026-10-26

Early clinical experience with the OB balloon for prophylactic intrauterine tamponade during cesarean section for placenta previa: a prospective multicenter phase II study.

Tanaka Masaaki M, Kato Jun J, Hori Yoshiaki Y, Nakade Kyouhei K et al.

Placenta previa is a major cause of severe postpartum hemorrhage, and effective intraoperative strategies to prevent bleeding during cesarean section remain an important clinical challenge. Intrauterine balloon tamponade has been reported as an effective strategy for hemorrhage control. We developed a novel double-balloon device, the OB balloon, intended for intrauterine tamponade during cesarean section in patients with placenta previa. This study evaluated the safety, feasibility, and clinical effectiveness of the OB balloon. In this prospective multicenter phase II study, 55 patients with placenta previa, including low-lying placenta, underwent cesarean section with prophylactic placement of the OB balloon. Perioperative outcomes, including blood loss, need for additional hemostatic interventions, and device-related complications, were analyzed. Mean blood loss before balloon placement was 1306 g, whereas median blood loss after placement was 70 g. No patient required cesarean hysterectomy or additional surgical or interventional hemostatic procedures after balloon placement. The device was inserted directly through the uterine incision, and both balloons were inflated intraoperatively by the operating surgeon under sterile conditions. Median inflation volumes were 80 mL for the uterine balloon and 50 mL for the vaginal balloon. The balloon was maintained for 12-24 hours and removed without complication. Balloon prolapse occurred in 3.6% of cases. Prophylactic use of the OB balloon during cesarean section for placenta previa was safe, feasible, and associated with reduced blood loss in this cohort. The dual-balloon design provided stable tamponade with a low rate of prolapse and eliminated the need for additional hemostatic interventions.

PMID 42929745
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PubMedObstetrics and gynecology international2026-10-26

The Epidemiology and Associated Factors of Ectopic Pregnancy in Saudi Arabia: A Literature Review.

Alkathiri Moath M, Almousa Abdulrahman A

Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is a serious maternal complication with a worldwide prevalence of about 2%. It is defined as the implantation of the product of conception outside the uterine cavity. Patients with EP may present with a wide range of clinical symptoms, including abdominal/pelvic pain, vaginal bleeding, missed menstrual cycle, and an empty uterine cavity on ultrasound. After diagnosing EPs, medical and/or surgical treatment options are available based on the patient's hemodynamic status, ectopic location, fetal cardiac activity, size of the gestational sac, level of β-HCG, and patient profile. This narrative literature review aims to summarize published primary studies on the epidemiology and reported associated factors of EP in Saudi Arabia between 2000 and 2024. A total of 1342 EP cases were reported across the included studies. Reported prevalence estimates ranged from 0.23% to 1.20%. The reviewed studies were from different regions of the Kingdom, including Abha, Khamis Mushait, Yanbu, Makkah, Madina, Jeddah, Khobar, and Majmaah. The prevalence of EPs fluctuated between 2000 and 2019 and had three peaks: 1.13% (2012), 1.14% (2013), and 1.2% (2019). Multiple associated factors linked to EP were reported in this review, including a history of pelvic surgery, C-sections, previous EP, abortions, intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) use, and pelvic inflammatory diseases (PIDs). EP is a serious complication that causes significant maternal morbidity and mortality and has a substantial burden on the healthcare system. In this review, eleven studies were reviewed regarding the epidemiology of EPs in the Kingdom. No clear pattern or trend in prevalence was identified, although the majority of studies reported lower EP rates than the worldwide prevalence. Several associated factors were reported across the included studies; however, these findings should be interpreted cautiously because most studies were retrospective and descriptive in nature.

PMID 42928745
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PubMedBMC pregnancy and childbirth2026-10-26

Perinatal outcomes of growth -restricted fetus with abnormal umbilical artery doppler waveform; a global systematic review and meta-analysis.

Gashaw Anteneh A, Ayele Mulat M, Abebe Yonas Y, Demeke Muluken M et al.

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with increased perinatal risks, including stillbirth, NICU admission, and neonatal complications. Doppler ultrasound helps diagnose abnormal fetal circulation in high-risk pregnancies, distinguishing IUGR from simple small-for-gestational-age fetuses. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to assess the perinatal outcomes of IUGR with abnormal umbilical artery Doppler findings, providing valuable insights for improving risk management and healthcare practices. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in adherence to the PRISMA guidelines. Comprehensive literature searches were performed across several global databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scopus, and African Online Journal databases. The pooled estimates were calculated using a weighted inverse variance random-effects model. To assess heterogeneity among the included studies, the Cochrane Q-test and I² statistics were utilized. Publication bias was examined using a funnel plot and Egger's test. All statistical analyses were performed using Stata version 17 software. A total of 1,003 articles were initially identified, from which 36 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final meta-analysis. Overall, data from 8,624 women were analyzed. The pooled perinatal mortality rate among fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and abnormal umbilical artery Doppler findings was 16.54% (95% CI: 12.93-20.15). The pooled NICU admission rate among these neonates was 69.37% (95% CI: 58.52-80.21), indicating a substantial burden on neonatal care services. Furthermore, the pooled prevalence of reversed end-diastolic flow (REDF) in the umbilical artery among IUGR fetuses was 22.03% (95% CI: 13.44-30.62). Subgroup analysis revealed that the highest pooled estimates of perinatal mortality were observed in Europe and Asia, whereas the lowest rates were reported in Australia. In terms of REDF prevalence, the highest estimates were found in studies conducted in North America. This meta-analysis identified perinatal death, NICU admission, and low APGAR score as the most common adverse outcomes associated with IUGR and abnormal Doppler findings. The pooled perinatal mortality rate was 16.54%, which is notably high compared to other causes of perinatal mortality.

PMID 42928178
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PubMedBiomimetics (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-26

Biomimetic Polyelectrolyte Complexes as Delivery Systems for Phytic Acid.

Malbaša Zoran Z, Žvab Mihael M, Rogina Anamarija A

In this study, different chitosan-alginate polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) were investigated as a biomimetic delivery system for phytic acid (PA), a natural antioxidant with potential anticancer activity. Physicochemical characterization, including ATR-FTIR, SEM/EDX, swelling analysis, and PA release profile, demonstrated that the polymer ratio strongly influenced film morphology, stability, and PA binding. Crosslinking generally produced smoother, more compact surfaces and resulted in reduced swelling capability, particularly in alginate-rich systems. PA release in normal saline varied significantly across formulations, with the 5:1 and 1:2 ratios releasing the highest amounts after seven days as a result of higher PA content. The stability tests exhibited strong ratio-dependent degradation, with the 1:1 films remaining the most stable across all tested media. Chitosan-rich films showed moderate mass loss (up to ~25%), whereas alginate-rich films, such as the 1:5 films, disintegrated due to excessive swelling and possibly weak interactions between polymer chains. PA-crosslinked samples exhibited similar trends; alginate-rich films lost up to 60-65% of their mass, while chitosan-rich samples demonstrated that a higher chitosan content produces more stable complexes, indicating a preferable interaction between PA and chitosan. Cytotoxicity assays using MG-63 osteosarcoma and HDFa fibroblast cells revealed dose-dependent effects. While PA-free materials did not affect the viability of either cell type, extracts of PA-crosslinked films at the highest concentration reduced the viability of MG-63 and HDFa cells. Importantly, moderate concentration of PA-crosslinked film extracts affected only MG-63 cells without harming fibroblasts, potentially suggesting mild preferential activity. Overall, the results demonstrate that PA-crosslinked PEC films provide a tunable, biomimetic platform with structural, physicochemical, and biological properties that can be modulated by adjusting the polymer ratio. The combination of enhanced stability, controlled PA release, and dose-dependent cytotoxicity offers potential for further development as antitumor materials.

PMID 42930270
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PubMedInternational journal of fertility & sterility2026-10-26

Treatment Approach to Disseminated Peritoneal Leiomyomatosis in A Patient Desiring Future Fertility: A Case Report.

Neal Samantha E SE, Ryles Hannah T HT, Koomson Christabel C, Madueke-Laveaux Obianuju Sandra OS et al.

Disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis (DPL) is a rare condition in which fibroids diffusely grow in extrauterine locations. Given its low prevalence, the literature is limited, making evidence-based treatment particularly challenging, especially in premenopausal patients. This case report describes a 34-year-old nulligravid woman with a history of two prior myomectomies who presented with upper abdominal bulk symptoms. Abdominal and pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed multiple mesenteric and omental masses concerning for recurrent DPL. She underwent exploratory laparotomy with removal of 13 abdominal fibroids ranging from 2 to 12 cm. Postoperatively, her symptoms improved, and she was treated with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analog (relugolix/estradiol/ norethindrone acetate) with a favorable response and sustained remission on follow up. Our case report demonstrates the efficacy of a novel medical therapy and our scoping review highlights the importance of aggressive surgical management followed by medical therapy for the treatment of DPL in patients with future fertility desires.

PMID 42929007
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PubMedCells2026-10-26

Neuroimmune-Lipid Crosstalk in Chronic Itch: Molecular Mechanisms from Skin Surface to Cerebral Cortex.

Kim Han Bi HB, Um Ji Young JY, Song Da Eun DE, Chung Bo Young BY et al.

Chronic pruritus is a complex sensory disorder arising from interactions among epidermal barrier dysfunction, immune signaling, peripheral sensory neurons, spinal circuits, and supraspinal networks. Bioactive lipids participate in this neuroimmune crosstalk as both structural components of the skin barrier and signaling mediators. Altered ceramide composition and sphingolipid metabolism accompany barrier dysfunction, while sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P), eicosanoids, and autotaxin-derived lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) modulate inflammatory and sensory pathways. In particular, experimental studies implicate S1P-S1PR3-transient receptor potential (TRP) signaling and LPA receptor pathways in peripheral pruriception, although their causal relevance to human chronic itch remains incompletely established. These mechanisms interact with cytokines including interleukin (IL)-31, thymic stromal lymphopoietin, and IL-33 to enhance sensory-neuron responsiveness. Within the spinal dorsal horn, gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP)/GRPR-dependent circuits integrate pruriceptive input and are modulated by neuroimmune signaling, potentially contributing to central sensitization. Supraspinal sensory, affective, motivational, and reward-related networks may further reinforce the itch-scratch cycle. This review integrates lipid metabolism, neuroimmune signaling, and neural plasticity across peripheral, spinal, and supraspinal levels, with emphasis on atopic dermatitis (AD), prurigo nodularis (PN), psoriasis, and systemic pruritic disorders, and discusses therapeutic strategies and research priorities for mechanism-based treatment of chronic itch.

PMID 42929863
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