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PO

polyvalent mechanical bacterial lysate (Ismigen)

✓ Approved

Merck & Co. · 小分子 · 小分子

什么是 polyvalent mechanical bacterial lysate？

polyvalent mechanical bacterial lysate 是一种小分子，由Merck & Co.研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Oral (PO)、Sublingual (SL)/Oral Transmucosal。

药物档案

商品名Ismigen
公司Merck & Co.
药物类别小分子
给药途径Oral (PO), Sublingual (SL)/Oral Transmucosal
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Merck & Co.

治疗适应症

polyvalent mechanical bacterial lysate 针对 2 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Infections and infestationsLower respiratory tract infection✓ Approved
Infections and infestationsViral upper respiratory tract infection✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedDentistry journal2026-10-26

Implant-Abutment Interface Gels in Two-Piece Implant Systems: The "Guardian-Hazard" Paradigm-A Scoping Review.

Anastasiadis Konstantinos K, Kokoti Maria M, Bakopoulou Athina A, Romanos Georgios G

Background/Objectives: Antiseptic gels applied at the implant-abutment interface (IAI) aim to reduce microbial leakage and peri-implant inflammation. However, introducing viscous media into a precision screw joint may affect tribology, preload maintenance, mechanical stability and corrosion-related processes. This scoping review mapped evidence on chlorhexidine (CHX) and other IAI gels, considering their biological, mechanical and electrochemical effects. Methods: Following PRISMA-ScR and a Population-Concept-Context framework, in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies of two-piece implant systems were eligible if they evaluated CHX or another sealing gel at the IAI and reported microbial, mechanical or electrochemical outcomes. English-language full texts published between 2015 and 2025 were identified through PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, ScienceDirect and reference screening. Findings were synthesised qualitatively within "Guardian" (biological protection) and "Hazard" (mechanical or electrochemical effects) domains. Results: Of 241 records, 16 met the inclusion criteria. CHX gels reduced intra-implant bacterial counts, although their sealing effect was limited and time-dependent. Silicone-based sealants generally achieved better microbial leakage control and, in several studies, maintained or increased reverse torque values compared with dry controls. Conversely, aqueous or oil-based antiseptic agents frequently reduced reverse torque, suggesting lubrication-related effects on screw-joint stability. No study directly quantified tribocorrosion associated with specific gels. Conclusions: IAI gels may provide biological protection, but their effects depend on formulation and are not exclusively antimicrobial. Silicone-based materials demonstrated the most favourable combined microbial and mechanical performance. Tribocorrosion remains insufficiently investigated, highlighting the need for integrated microbial, mechanical and electrochemical studies.

PMID 42930437
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PubMedGels (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-26

Xanthan Gum/Lignin Double-Interpenetrating Network Cryogels: Preparation, Characterization, and Water Purification Performance.

Lazar Maria Marinela MM, Humelnicu Doina D, Raschip Irina Elena IE, Avram Raluca-Elena RE et al.

The development of multifunctional, bio-based materials capable of simultaneously addressing microbial contamination and inorganic pollutants is of increasing interest for sustainable water purification. In this study, xanthan gum (XG)/lignin(LN) double-interpenetrating network (DN) cryogels were prepared and investigated as porous, multifunctional materials for antimicrobial applications and water purification. The cryogel architecture combines the abundant oxygen-containing functional groups of XG and LN with an interconnected porous network generated under cryogenic conditions. The prepared networks were comprehensively characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), dynamic vapor sorption (DVS), swelling analysis, and uniaxial mechanical testing to evaluate their structural, morphological, physicochemical, and mechanical properties. Their Cu2+ sorption performance was subsequently assessed by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), and the experimental equilibrium data were analyzed using the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Sips isotherm models. The single-network (SN) XG-based materials exhibited Cu2+ sorption capacities of 62.13-109.81 mg/g, whereas the DN cryogels showed higher capacities of 111.87-120.84 mg/g. The Sips model provided the best description of the equilibrium data, with (R2) values of 0.991-0.994 and substantially lower (χ2) values than the Langmuir and Freundlich models, indicating heterogeneous sorption sites with finite saturation capacity. Importantly, the Cu2+-loaded SN and DNs exhibited sorption efficiency toward sulfate ions, demonstrating their potential for sequential contaminant removal. Sulfate sorption capacities reached 694.53 mg/g for the SN.X2/Cu2+ composite and up to 812.53 mg/g for the DN.XL3/Cu2+ composite. In addition, the prepared materials demonstrated antimicrobial activity against two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium) and two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes) bacterial strains. The results demonstrate that XG/LN DN cryogels combine effective metal-ion and sulfate sorption with antimicrobial activity, providing promising bio-based platforms for water purification and potentially extending the functional lifetime of the material through sequential contaminant removal.

PMID 42929949
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PubMedAnaesthesia and intensive care2026-10-26

Safety and efficacy of volatile sedatives in critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Lee Jong Min JM, Chang Youjin Y, Kim Seok Chan SC, Lee Jongmin J

Volatile sedatives are increasingly utilised for sedation in critically ill patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation. Despite numerous randomised controlled trials and observational studies comparing volatile sedation to intravenous sedation, questions regarding its safety and efficacy persist. A systematic search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science databases for studies published up to July 2025. The analysis included randomised controlled trials and observational studies that compared the use of volatile sedation with intravenous sedation in patients admitted to the intensive care unit for mechanical ventilation. Eligible studies involved adults aged ⩾18 years, requiring mechanical ventilation, and utilising either volatile or intravenous sedatives. They also needed to report at least one outcome of interest: incidence of delirium, mortality, intensive care unit length of stay, or duration of mechanical ventilation. From 3182 identified publications, fifteen studies were included in the systematic review. Volatile sedation was not associated with a significant difference in the incidence of delirium compared to intravenous sedation (risk ratio 0.72; 95% confidence interval 0.38-1.34), mortality (risk ratio 0.97; 95% confidence interval 0.80-1.17), intensive care unit length of stay (mean difference 0.28 days; 95% confidence interval -1.74 to 2.30), or duration of mechanical ventilation (mean difference -37.20 h; 95% confidence interval -78.60 to 4.20). Volatile sedation was not associated with significant differences in mechanical ventilation duration, delirium incidence, intensive care unit length of stay, or mortality compared to intravenous sedation. Further large-scale, high-quality randomised trials are needed to clarify its clinical benefit in critical care settings.

PMID 42929360
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PubMedJournal of experimental botany2026-10-26

Root rot suppression by synthetic microbiota is associated with rhizosphere bacterial shifts and amino acid metabolism.

Zhu Ning N, Zhao Peijie P, Liu Xinyi X, Leng Feifan F et al.

Root rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum (F. oxysporum) severely constrains Codonopsis pilosula (C. pilosula) production. Indigenous culturable bacteria associated with C. pilosula were screened for antifungal activity, plant growth-promoting traits, and interstrain compatibility, and two defined three-member synthetic microbial communities, SCI and SCII, were constructed. Both SynComs alleviated root rot, with SCI showing stronger overall performance and a biocontrol efficacy of 57.8%, together with improved root growth and photosynthetic performance. Rhizosphere bacterial profiling was integrated with rhizosphere metabolite profiling and root tissue metabolomics. SynCom treatment was associated with limited changes in overall bacterial diversity but variation in specific rhizosphere taxa. In roots, pathway-enrichment patterns shifted from sulfur metabolism and oxidative stress-related processes under pathogen stress toward amino acid-related metabolism after SynCom treatment, accompanied by treatment-associated variation in medicinally relevant metabolite features. Associations between metabolic changes and potentially beneficial bacteria indicated coordinated variation between host metabolism and rhizosphere bacterial composition. In vitro assays further showed that L-valine elicited chemotactic and growth responses in a representative Sphingomonas isolate. Collectively, SynCom-mediated root rot suppression was associated with constituent-strain antagonism, plant recovery, rhizosphere bacterial shifts, and amino acid-related metabolic variation.

PMID 42928559
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PubMedEuropean journal of pain (London, England)2026-10-26

Intact Conditioned Pain Modulation Despite Altered Pain Sensitivity in Migraine Across Phases and Sites.

Szikszay Tibor M TM, Poehlmann Jakob J, Adamczyk Waclaw M WM, Luedtke Kerstin K et al.

Altered endogenous pain-inhibitory pathways have been proposed as a mechanistic contributor to migraine. However, results from conditioned pain modulation (CPM) paradigms are inconsistent, potentially reflecting limited assessment of trigeminal nociception and a paucity of data stratified by migraine phase. Accordingly, this study aimed to evaluate the site- and phase-dependence of CPM and somatosensory sensitivity in migraine. In a cross-sectional study, 50 adults with migraine and 50 age-/sex- headache-free controls underwent assessor-blinded, standardized CPM and quantitative sensory testing (QST) at a trigeminal site (V1, forehead) and an extra-trigeminal site (C6, forearm). CPM was calculated as the change in heat pain thresholds measured during a heterotopic ischemic conditioning stimulus relative to baseline. QST captured thermal, pressure and mechanical pain measures, also including mechanical pain sensitivity and allodynia. Repeated-measures ANOVAs tested effects of CPM, site, diagnosis and migraine phase (peri-ictal vs. interictal). A robust inhibitory CPM effect was observed in both migraine and control groups, with no between-group or phase-specific differences across sites (all p > 0.05). Compared with controls and not considering the stimulated region, migraine was associated with lower pressure pain thresholds (p < 0.001) and higher mechanical pain sensitivity (p = 0.001), alongside elevated central sensitization and catastrophizing scores (p < 0.001). Across migraine phases, pain sensitivity measures were largely stable; however, trigeminal mechanical pain sensitivity was selectively higher during the peri-ictal phase (p = 0.017). CPM appears preserved in migraine across phases and anatomical territories, whereas sensory alterations may be modality- and region-specific, supporting a pain sensitivity amplification phenotype rather than a generalized deficit in endogenous inhibition. Patients with migraine could inhibit pain similarly to controls, but they present in general lower pressure and mechanical pain thresholds in contrast to controls and increased mechanical sensitivity on the forehead during the peri-ictal phase. This suggests that migraine involves specific changes in pain processing rather than a general disruption of the descending inhibitory system.

PMID 42929747
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PubMedGels (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-26

Conductive Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Hydrogels for Wearable Electronics: Preparation Strategies, Conductivity Enhancement, and Sensing Applications.

Liang Xiaoxu X

Conductive poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based hydrogels combine electrical functionality with the mechanical compliance and biocompatibility required for wearable bioelectronics. However, simultaneously achieving mechanical robustness, stable electrical conductivity, and long-term hydration stability remains challenging. Adopting a performance trade-off perspective focused on wearable sensing, this review examines recent advances in five interconnected areas: (1) fabrication strategies, including freeze-thaw cycling, the Hofmeister effect, mechanical training, and green synthesis routes; (2) conductivity enhancement through electron-conducting pathways (carbon nanofillers, MXene, and conducting polymers), ionic routes (salt and electrolyte doping), and hybrid systems; (3) wearable sensing applications, including physiological monitoring (ECG/EMG/EEG), multimodal biosensing of biofluid analytes, and intelligent sensing devices; (4) environmental resilience and mechanical durability; and (5) regulatory, manufacturing, and clinical translation challenges. Representative studies report tensile strengths exceeding 19 MPa, electrical conductivities above 10 S/m, gauge factors above 10, and self-healing within 1 s; however, these values were obtained for different formulations and under different testing conditions. The review further identifies critical gaps in reproducibility, comparable testing protocols, device-level integration, and scalability, and outlines design considerations for advancing conductive PVA-based hydrogels toward reliable wearable health monitoring systems.

PMID 42929923
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