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diptheria vaccine

✓ Approved

Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd. · 疫苗 · 疫苗

什么是 diptheria vaccine？

diptheria vaccine 是一种疫苗，由Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd.研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Injectable (Others)、Intramuscular (IM) Injection。

药物档案

公司Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd.
药物类别疫苗
给药途径Injectable (Others), Intramuscular (IM) Injection
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd.

治疗适应症

diptheria vaccine 针对 4 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Infections and infestationsDiphtheria✓ Approved
Infections and infestationsHepatitis B✓ Approved
Infections and infestationsPertussis✓ Approved
Infections and infestationsTetanus✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2026-10-27

An mRNA-LNP Vaccine Encoding the Erns-E1-E2 Polyprotein Confers Complete Protection Against Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Mice.

Yue Zongzhe Z, Li Yanmin Y, Yang Hongjun H, Bian Shiao S et al.

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) remains a major barrier to sustainable livestock development. Conventional BVDV vaccines are limited by inherent drawbacks such as potential virulence reversion and insufficient protective efficacy, which severely hamper global BVDV eradication efforts. mRNA vaccine technology, characterized by high expression efficiency, a favorable safety profile, and scalable manufacturing, offers a promising platform for next-generation BVDV vaccine development. In this study, we developed an mRNA-LNP vaccine candidate (Erns/E1/E2 vaccine) encoding the full-length structural glycoproteins Erns, E1 and E2, and systematically evaluated its immunogenicity and protective efficacy in BALB/c mice. The E2 extracellular domain-human IgG1 Fc fusion mRNA vaccine (E2/IgG1 vaccine) and a commercial inactivated BVDV vaccine served as controls. Our results demonstrated that the Erns/E1/E2 vaccine elicited significantly higher neutralizing antibody titers (log10NT50 = 2.50 ± 0.082) and lymphocyte proliferation responses (stimulation index = 6.927 ± 0.145) than both control vaccines at 28 days post-primary vaccination (two weeks post-booster). Notably, no viral RNA was detected in any tissue or blood samples from Erns/E1/E2-immunized mice at any time point following BVDV challenge, indicating complete immune protection against viral infection, whereas viral loads were consistently detected in multiple tissues of both control groups. These findings establish the Erns/E1/E2 vaccine as a highly promising BVDV vaccine candidate and provide critical experimental support for advancing mRNA-based BVDV vaccine development.

PMID 42939244
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PubMedAvian diseases2026-10-27

Spike Binding and Replication of Kidney-Cell-Adapted Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Chickens.

Saiada Farjana F, Zegpi Ramon A RA, Joiner Kellye S KS, Toro Haroldo H et al.

Viral subpopulations in Arkansas Delmarva Poultry Industry (ArkDPI)-derived IBV vaccines are rapidly selected in inoculated chickens, resulting in tracheal damage and virus persistence. These subpopulations with distinct spike (S) amino acid sequences were previously eliminated from an ArkDPI-derived vaccine strain during serial passage in chicken embryonic kidney (CEK) cells, and a new viral population with an S protein harboring three amino acid differences relative to the original vaccine major population became predominant. Recombinant S protein representing the CEK-adapted vaccine strain showed severely reduced or no detectable binding to CEK cells. The two amino acid substitutions in the S1 subunit and the single amino acid substitution in the S2 subunit independently reduced binding. Structural models predicted that each of the amino acid substitutions involved an amino acid located at the interface between monomers in the trimer, suggesting that the conformation and/or stability of alternative conformations of the trimer might be affected. Recombinant S protein representing the CEK-adapted virus also exhibited reduced or nondetectable binding to most relevant chicken tissues in vitro. We compared replication after ocular inoculation in 1-day-old chickens between our CEK-adapted ArkDPI virus and a commercial ArkDPI-derived vaccine. Viral replication in individual chickens was monitored by relative levels of viral RNA in tears 3, 5, and 8 days postvaccination (DPV) and in choanal and tracheal swabs 5 and 8 DPV, determined by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. At 3 DPV, tears of chickens inoculated with 105 50% embryo infectious doses (EID50) of CEK-adapted vaccine and 104 EID50 commercial ArkDPI vaccine had similar viral loads, while those of chickens given 104 EID50 CEK-adapted vaccine were two orders of magnitude lower. Viral loads in tears of both chicken groups given the CEK-adapted vaccine remained at levels similar to 3 DPV through days 5 and 8 DPV, while those in chickens given the commercial vaccine increased three orders of magnitude during the same period. Statistically significant differences among groups were also observed in viral loads in choanal and tracheal swabs at both 5 and 8 DPV, though less pronounced. The sharp increase in viral load in tears of chickens given the commercial vaccine was likely due to efficient replication of vaccine subpopulations selected in chickens, which are lacking in the CEK-adapted vaccine. Selection of vaccine subpopulations in chickens given the commercial vaccine, but not in chickens given the CEK-adapted vaccine, was verified by S1 gene sequencing of the IBV genomes in samples from individual chickens in all vaccinated groups. Protection following ocular challenge at 19 DPV with virulent Ark IBV, as assessed by reductions in viral loads in tears, correlated with vaccine viral loads at 5 and 8 DPV, with the greatest correlation (r = 0.52) with vaccine viral load in choanal swabs at 8 DPV.

PMID 42937671
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PubMedVeterinary sciences2026-10-27

Immunization Efficacy of a Commercialized Inactivated Mycoplasma bovis (Strain HM) Vaccine in Calves at a Large-Scale Dairy Farm in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province.

Li Yingjian Y, Zhang Ruihua R, Jin Yiquan Y, Wang Lei L et al.

Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis)-positive clinical Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) seriously threatens the survival and growth of calves. Against the global backdrop of escalating antimicrobial resistance, effective vaccines represent a promising strategy for the prevention and control of M. bovis-positive clinical BRD. This study aimed to characterize the epidemiological features of BRD on a large-scale dairy farm in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, and to assess the efficacy of an inactivated M. bovis strain HM vaccine using a randomized, double-blind, controlled field trial conducted during the high-incidence season. In total, 200 healthy 3-4-week-old Holstein calves seronegative for M. bovis-specific antibodies were randomly allocated to either a vaccine group or a control group. Calves in the vaccine group received two intramuscular vaccine doses on day 0 and day 14, while control calves received an equal volume of placebo at identical time points. The entire trial spanned 194 days. A comprehensive assessment was carried out, including vaccine tolerability, growth performance, serum antibody and cytokine profiles, BRD incidence, infection rates of common pathogens, and vaccine protective efficacy. The results showed that the farm-level annual BRD incidence was 9.27%, consistent with typical temporal-spatial-herd distribution patterns. Calves exhibited good tolerability after vaccination, and the vaccine had no adverse effect on body-weight gain. Importantly, vaccination markedly elevated serum specific antibody levels, seropositivity rates, and concentrations of inflammatory cytokines including IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 (p < 0.05). Moreover, vaccination reduced the risk of M. bovis-positive clinical BRD by 61% and decreased infection risks for several respiratory pathogens. Collectively, this inactivated vaccine demonstrated satisfactory tolerability and protective effects, providing critical technical evidence for the prevention and control of M. bovis-positive clinical BRD in dairy farms.

PMID 42944122
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PubMedMicroorganisms2026-10-27

In Silico Design and Evaluation of a Multi-Epitope Vaccine Candidate Against Staphylococcus haemolyticus.

Almatroudi Ahmad A

S. haemolyticus is an emerging multidrug-resistant pathogen that frequently causes nosocomial infections, yet no licensed vaccine is currently available for its prevention. In this study, conserved surface-associated proteins were screened to identify B-cell, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte, and helper T-lymphocyte epitopes for the design of a multi-epitope vaccine candidate. The selected epitopes were assembled into a 254-amino acid construct containing human β-defensin-3, the PADRE sequence, and selected linkers. The resulting construct was predicted to be antigenic, non-allergenic, and non-toxic, with favorable physicochemical properties, structural stability, and solubility. The selected CTL and HTL epitopes provided an estimated global population coverage of 97.5%, indicating broad predicted coverage across different populations. Structural analysis supported the quality of the refined three-dimensional model. Molecular docking predicted favorable interactions between the vaccine construct and TLR2 and TLR4, while 200 ns molecular dynamics simulations indicated that receptor-vaccine interactions were maintained during the simulation period. Codon optimization and in silico cloning further supported the feasibility of recombinant expression in Escherichia coli. Overall, the computational analyses support the proposed multi-epitope construct as a potential vaccine candidate against S. haemolyticus and provide a basis for its further experimental evaluation.

PMID 42943392
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PubMedViruses2026-10-27

Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of a Trivalent Whole-Virion Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Against Vaccine-Matched Ancestral, Delta, and Omicron BA.5 Variants in K18-hACE2 Mice.

Yetiskin Hazel H, Uygut Muhammet Ali MA, Pavel Shaikh Terkis Islam STI, Kaplan Busra B et al.

Continuous antigenic evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has reduced the effectiveness of vaccines based on a single ancestral strain, highlighting the need for multivalent vaccine strategies. We developed a trivalent whole-virion inactivated vaccine containing ancestral (ERAGEM), Delta, and Omicron BA.5 antigens and evaluated its immunogenicity and protective efficacy in K18-hACE2 transgenic mice. β-propiolactone-inactivated ERAGEM, Delta, and Omicron BA.5 antigens were combined at 1 µg each (3 µg total) with aluminium hydroxide and administered intraperitoneally on days 0 and 21. Variant-specific binding and neutralizing antibody responses were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and microneutralization assays. On day 42, mice were challenged with ERAGEM, Delta, or Omicron BA.5. Survival, body weight, body temperature, infectious viral titers, and viral RNA loads were evaluated. The trivalent vaccine induced binding and neutralizing antibodies against all three vaccine components, and titers rose after the booster dose. Neutralizing responses were highest against the BA.5 component. Vaccinated mice showed 100% survival following challenge with each vaccine-matched variant and maintained stable body weight and temperature throughout the observation period. Unvaccinated controls challenged with Omicron BA.5 showed no mortality, so protection against this component could be assessed only virologically. No infectious virus was detected in the lungs of vaccinated animals, while viral titers and RNA loads in the nasal turbinates were significantly reduced compared with unvaccinated controls. A trivalent whole-virion inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine containing ancestral, Delta, and Omicron BA.5 antigens elicited variant-specific humoral immunity and protected mice against challenge with each vaccine-matched component: against lethal challenge for the ancestral and Delta components, and against viral burden for Omicron BA.5, which was not lethal in unvaccinated controls. These outcomes were obtained at a lower per-antigen dose than in our previously reported monovalent and bivalent formulations; because those were independent studies rather than contemporaneous comparators, this suggests a dose-sparing potential that warrants formal evaluation rather than demonstrating one. Cross-protection against variants not included in the formulation was not assessed.

PMID 42944012
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PubMedViruses2026-10-27

Development and Efficacy Determination of an Attenuated Vaccine Against Channel Catfish Virus.

Aarattuthodi Suja S, Khoo Lester L, Phelps Nicholas N, Kumar Ganesh G et al.

Catfish aquaculture is the largest domestic sector of the U.S. aquaculture industry. Intensive aquaculture production systems are vulnerable to infectious disease outbreaks, resulting in significant economic losses. Catfish herpesviruses cause substantial mortality in catfish fry and fingerlings. Channel catfish virus (CCV) causes acute hemorrhagic infection and mortalities in catfish during the hatchery and nursery phases of production. Considering the key role of the catfish industry in U.S. aquaculture, it is imperative to control disease-related fish losses. Vaccines are considered the most effective proactive disease management strategy against viral infections. An attenuated CCV vaccine was developed by serial subculturing (P41) of the wild-type virus in channel catfish ovary (CCO/BB) cell cultures. This attenuated vaccine was administered via immersion to channel and hybrid catfish fingerlings. Thirty days post-immunization, the immunized and non-immunized fish were exposed to wild-type CCV. The percent survival was significantly higher in the immunized channel (96%) and hybrid (98%) catfish compared to the non-immunized group, confirming the protective immunity conferred by the attenuated vaccine. Initial trials suggest that the attenuated CCV vaccine developed in this study was found to be efficacious in reducing CCV-associated mortalities in catfish fingerlings. Further trials are needed to assess the safety of the vaccine.

PMID 42944071
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