sumatriptan succinate (Imigran Nasal Spray / Imitrex Nasal Spray / Suminant)

[Research progress of gut microbial metabolite succinate in inflammatory diseases].

Chen Y X YX, Niu M M, Du Y Y

Inflammatory diseases are pathological conditions precipitated by inflammation, with the gut microbiota and its metabolites playing a pivotal role in the inflammatory process. Succinate, a key metabolite generated by gut microorganisms, is implicated not only in the energy metabolism of the tricarboxylic acid cycle but also in the modulation of inflammatory processes via the succinate receptor 1-mediated immune regulatory pathway. This review provides a unified elaboration on the metabolic pathways and biological characteristics of succinate, the detection techniques for succinate, and the potential applications of succinate in the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory diseases, aiming to provide a scientific basis for the development of relevant diagnosis and treatment strategies.

Correction to "d-α-Tocopherol Polyethylene Glycol Succinate-Based Redox-Sensitive Paclitaxel Prodrug for Overcoming Multidrug Resistance in Cancer Cells".

Bao Yuling Y, Guo Yuanyuan Y, Zhuang Xiangting X, Li Dan D et al.

Computed Tomographic Volumetric Analysis of the Nasal Cavities in Domestic Cats (Felis catus) and Anatomical Implications for Intranasal Drug Delivery.

Charles Montel M, Hippolyte Charlier C, Charlène Paquet P, Géraldine Jourdan J et al.

To perform a computed tomography (CT)-based volumetric assessment of the nasal cavities in domestic cats and to evaluate the relationship between nasal cavity volume and selected morphometric variables. Fifty-six European cats that underwent CT examination of the head were retrospectively included. Three-dimensional segmentation of the right and left nasal cavities was performed using dedicated software. Total, right, and left nasal cavity volumes were measured. Associations between nasal cavity volume and sex, age, and body weight were assessed using multiple linear regression analysis. Bilateral symmetry was evaluated using paired comparisons. Intra-observer reliability was determined using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Mean total nasal cavity volume was 6.74 ± 1.79 mL. No significant difference was observed between left (3.38 ± 0.92 mL) and right (3.36 ± 0.91 mL) nasal cavity volumes. Male cats exhibited significantly larger nasal cavity volumes than females (8.3 ± 1.7 mL vs. 5.8 ± 1.1 mL; p < 0.001). No significant association was found between nasal cavity volume and age or body weight after adjustment for sex. Intra-observer agreement was excellent (ICC = 0.98). CT-based three-dimensional segmentation provides reliable volumetric assessment of the feline nasal cavities. Significant sexual dimorphism was identified, whereas laterality, age, and body weight had no significant influence on nasal cavity volume. The limited nasal cavity volume supports the use of low-volume, concentrated formulations for intranasal drug delivery in cats.

Comparative Histological Architecture of the Nasal Skin in Domestic Animals: Structural Insights into Species-Specific Adaptations.

Madkour Fatma A FA, Mohammed Elsayed S I ESI

The nasal skin in domestic animals plays a crucial role in thermoregulation, tactile perception, and environmental interaction. This study aimed to compare the histological architecture of the nasal skin among common domestic species to identify species-specific morphological variations. Nasal skin samples from camel, buffalo, cattle, sheep, goat, horse, donkey, pig, and dog were collected and processed for histological investigation. The epidermis was thickest in buffalo and thinnest in camel, exhibiting a wavy surface in camel, donkey, and dog. Epithelial pegs and dermal papillae were well developed in ruminants but sparse or absent in camel and horse. The dermis contained hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands, although their presence varied among species. Hair follicles and sebaceous glands were absent in the modified nasal skin, except in pig and sheep. Sweat glands were few in camel, buffalo, cattle, horse, donkey, and sheep, but absent in other species. Nasal glands were well-developed in buffalo and cattle, but absent in camel and dog. Skeletal muscle bundles were prominent in the dermis of the horse's nasal skin, particularly within the reticular layer. The presence of marked interspecies variations in domestic animal's nasal skin histology indicates structural and functional adaptations.