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pirfenidone (KitosCell LP)

✓ Approved

Cell Pharma · 小分子 · 小分子

什么是 pirfenidone？

pirfenidone 是一种小分子，由Cell Pharma研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Oral (PO)。

药物档案

商品名KitosCell LP
公司Cell Pharma
药物类别小分子
给药途径Oral (PO)
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Cell Pharma

治疗适应症

pirfenidone 针对 2 个适应症，涉及 2 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Hepatobiliary disordersHepatic fibrosis✓ Approved
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis✓ Approved

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Brixadi for Stimulant Use Disorder: Evolving Pharmacologic Considerations and Clinical Implications.

Sawaya M Farris MF, McNulty Molly E ME, Germain Collin J St CJS, Hachem Ibraheem A IA et al.

Substance use disorders are an increasing concern globally, causing a tremendous uptick in public health burden in recent years. Despite the growing attention these disorders receive, there remain no approved pharmacotherapies for stimulant use disorder, thereby contributing a major portion of this burden. This review examines the potential use of Brixadi, an extended-release injectable formulation of the widely used pharmacotherapy buprenorphine, indicated for opioid use disorder, in the treatment of stimulant use disorder. Psychostimulants, including cocaine, methamphetamine, and designer stimulants, all exert their effects by inhibiting or reversing the directionality of the monoamine transporters in the synaptic cleft. Inhibition or reversal of these transporters in the synaptic cleft allows dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine to remain in the synapse, which ultimately enhances their activity and contributes to the reinforcement of substance use. The reinforcement loop driven by excess neurotransmitters, particularly dopamine, provides a pharmacotherapeutic target via receptor interactions. Brixadi is an injectable extended-release buprenorphine primarily used to treat opioid use disorder. The extended-release mechanism enables sustained drug-receptor interaction, resulting in stable plasma drug concentrations. Buprenorphine is as a dual-acting agent, a partial μ-opioid receptor (MOR) agonist and a κ-opioid receptor (KOR) antagonist. KOR antagonism modulates symptoms of withdrawal in OUD, including dysphoria, stress, and drug cravings. Therefore, Brixadi's KOR antagonism may offer a promising pharmacologic target for stimulant use disorder recovery by mitigating these negative affective states. Additionally, the bimodal mechanism suggests that Brixadi may be a beneficial pharmacologic candidate for people who suffer from polysubstance use involving opioids and psychostimulants. While there is promise behind these developments, current studies are limited to preclinical trials and have not yet advanced toward clinical trials. However, Brixadi's extended-release profile and potential capability to minimize withdrawal-related dysphoria and stress-induced drug seeking present promise for further clinical investigation.

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PubMedAAPS PharmSciTech2026-09-10

Correlative Spectroscopic and Structural Imaging for Resin-Embedded Extended-Release Morphine Sulfate Pellets.

Zaker Yeakub Y, Ahmed Snober S, Tian Li L, Yilmaz Huzeyfe H et al.

Correlative spectroscopic and structural imaging provides a powerful approach for characterizing the microstructure of complex pharmaceutical formulations. Laser direct infrared (LDIR) spectroscopy is an emerging, rapid spectroscopic imaging technique that complements traditional approaches by enabling non-destructive chemical and morphological analysis over large sample surfaces within minutes. In this study, the capabilities of LDIR imaging were evaluated alongside Raman mapping, SEM-EDS, laser microscopy, and micro-CT as part of a correlative workflow to characterize the microstructure and chemical composition of pharmaceutical pellets. Resin embedding enabled consistent handling and structural preservation of extended-release pharmaceutical pellets across all imaging modalities. Two commercially available morphine sulfate ER pellets (ER-1 and ER-2) with different excipient compositions were used as model systems. Laser microscopy revealed distinct differences in surface topography, while micro-CT performed before milling confirmed inherent structural features. ER-1 displayed a smooth, intact core, whereas ER-2 exhibited internal cracks and cavities. Hyperspectral LDIR imaging successfully identified major components in both formulations (hit-quality index, HQI ≥ 0.83) with strong concordance to Raman mapping (HQI ≥ 0.85). The spatial distribution of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) revealed a layered structure in ER-1 and a homogeneous core in ER-2. This correlative workflow, combining resin embedding with multiple imaging modalities, underscores the value of LDIR and complementary techniques for comprehensive physicochemical characterization of complex drug products. These findings highlight the utility of correlative imaging for regulatory assessment and quality control of complex extended-release formulations.

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Dual-State Programmable Oxide Transistor for Time-Based Cryptography.

Noh Huisu H, Lee Min Gu MG, Kim Hwayoung H, Ko Myeongchan M et al.

As conventional digital computing becomes increasingly constrained by scalability and energy-efficiency limits, computing based on intrinsic physical dynamics of devices has emerged as a promising alternative. In this context, three-terminal devices have attracted attention because their additional terminal offers greater flexibility for implementing higher-order dynamics than two-terminal devices. Here, we present a dual-state programmable oxide transistor (DUPOT) that exhibits a previously unreported form of high-dimensional dynamical behavior with both the threshold voltage (Vth) and the saturation current (Isat) independently tunable. Additionally, the programmed Vth state exhibits long-term memory (LTM) characteristics, whereas the Isat state shows short-term memory (STM) behavior, enabling more complex computing functionalities. We elucidate its operating mechanisms and demonstrate robustness, and further showcase its use in time-based cryptography, which fully exploits its rich dynamical behavior. Our array-level demonstration supports diverse forms of time-based cryptography, including time-release encryption and time-bound encryption, and can be extended to cloud cryptographic systems, marking a new milestone in the study of computing devices with higher-order dynamics.

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Spatial inequalities and contextual correlates of methylphenidate dispensing in Jiangsu Province, China.

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Understanding geographic inequalities in psychotropic medication dispensing is important for improving health equity and informing place-based pharmaceutical management. This study characterized the spatiotemporal distribution of methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablet dispensing in Jiangsu Province, China, from 2019 to 2023 and examined its socioeconomic and education-related correlates. Annual county-level dispensed tablet volumes were analyzed using Getis-Ord Gi* hot-spot analysis, standard deviational ellipses, and weighted-centroid analysis. Prefecture-level contextual correlates were examined using annual Lasso models interpreted with SHAP. The proportion of county-level units with zero recorded dispensing decreased from approximately 52%-36%, while the proportion with annual volumes exceeding 20,000 tablets increased from 7% to 20%. Southern Jiangsu consistently exhibited higher dispensing volumes than Northern Jiangsu, with Central Jiangsu generally occupying an intermediate position. Getis-Ord Gi* identified localized high-value concentrations mainly in Southern and parts of Central Jiangsu. The standard deviational ellipse area increased by 23.1%, while the weighted centroid remained in south-central Jiangsu. Within the annual Lasso models, predictive importance was allocated mainly to economic-demographic indicators in 2019-2020 and more strongly to education-related indicators in 2021-2023. The findings support geographically differentiated monitoring of medication access, dispensing patterns, and prescribing quality.

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Preoperative Jugulofemoral Shunting in Complex Extended Thymectomy-Anesthetic Optimization for Invasive Thymoma.

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Optimized air-liquid interface cultivation enhances survival and integrity of mouse colon precision-cut tissue slices.

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Mouse colon precision-cut tissue slices (cPCTS) serve as valuable models for studying physiology, toxicology, and immunology. They retain a three-dimensional structure with physiological cell composition and intact metabolic and immune functions. Additionally, cPCTS support the 3R principle by reducing animal use. This study aimed to optimize cPCTS cultivation to maintain cell integrity, minimize damage, and enhance survival of the multilayer intestinal structure. We established an air-liquid interface (ALI) cultivation system, where cPCTS rest on a semi-permeable insert membrane with medium beneath and direct air exposure above. We compared the effects of different oxygen concentrations on cPCTS survival using LDH assays, TUNEL staining, qPCR, and immunohistochemistry. cPCTS preserved the characteristic colonic architecture for up to 120 h, with optimal tissue integrity maintained for at least 96 h. Compared with 80% O2, cultivation at atmospheric O2 significantly reduced oxidative stress and DNA damage, as demonstrated by lower expression of oxidative stress-associated genes and fewer γH2AX-positive cells. Reduced apoptosis and cytotoxicity were confirmed by less TUNEL-positive cells and lower LDH release. Lower oxygen further preserved crypt morphology, increased Lgr5 and Mki67 expression, and resulted in higher numbers of Ki67-positive cells, indicating improved stemness and proliferation. Histological analyses additionally revealed a more physiological extracellular matrix remodeling response under atmospheric O2. ALI cultivation simplifies medium changes and facilitates experimental manipulation of the system. Lower oxygen conditions improve long-term survival and structural integrity of cPCTS providing a robust platform for extended mechanistic and co-culture studies.

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