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amphotericin B (Amphotec / Amphocil / ABCD)

✓ Approved

Therametrics · 小分子 · 小分子

什么是 amphotericin B？

amphotericin B 是一种小分子，由Therametrics研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Injectable (Others)、Intravenous (IV)。

药物档案

商品名Amphotec, Amphocil, ABCD
公司Therametrics
药物类别小分子
给药途径Injectable (Others), Intravenous (IV)
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Therametrics

治疗适应症

amphotericin B 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Infections and infestationsWound infection fungal✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedJAC-antimicrobial resistance2026-09-10

Performance of the Sensititre YeastOne assay compared with EUCAST E.Def 9.4 against Fusarium clinical isolates: focus on voriconazole and amphotericin B.

Chen Pao-Yu PY, Wu Un-In UI, Liu Wang-Da WD, Huang Yu-Tsung YT et al.

Despite the global emergence of Fusarium infections, data validating commercial antifungal susceptibility testing against these moulds remain scarce. We evaluated the performance and optimal reading time of the Sensititre YeastOne (SYO) assay against Fusarium clinical isolates compared with the EUCAST reference method. This two-centre study (2011-2023) analysed 123 Fusarium isolates identified via two-step molecular sequencing. In vitro susceptibilities to voriconazole and amphotericin B were evaluated using SYO (24 h and 48 h readouts) versus the EUCAST E.Def 9.4 broth microdilution reference method (48 h readout). Essential agreement (EA) was defined as a ±2 log2 dilution difference; >90% was acceptable. Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) dominated the cohort (85.3%), predominantly F. keratoplasticum and F. pseudensiforme. EUCAST testing revealed high MIC50/MIC90 values of voriconazole (>16/>16 mg/L) and amphotericin B (2/16 mg/L). While 65% (80/123) of isolates displayed positivity by SYO at 24 h, median spectrophotometric growth was significantly greater at 48 h than at 24 h [0.37 (IQR 0.315-0.403) versus 0.18 (0.151-0.206)]. At 48 h, EA approached acceptability for voriconazole (92.7%) and amphotericin B (89.4%). Voriconazole categorical agreement (CA) among FSSC was 88.6% and reached 96.9% for F. pseudensiforme. For amphotericin B, SYO MICs clustered around 4-8 mg/L, yielding 100% very major error for F. keratoplasticum and F. pseudensiforme but 100% CA for F. falciforme, F. petroliphilum and non-FSSC. Voriconazole and amphotericin B susceptibility determined by SYO cannot universally replace reference methods due to failure to detect non-WT to amphotericin B for prevalent species within FSSC. However, alongside accurate species-level molecular identification, SYO provides actionable susceptibility data for validated species-antifungal combinations.

PMID 42718997
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PubMedCase reports in critical care2026-09-10

Early Disseminated Cryptococcosis Following Orthotopic Heart Transplantation Requiring VA-ECMO: A Case Report.

Petrich Vanessa V, Deschenes Lucas L

Disseminated cryptococcosis is a rare but serious opportunistic infection following solid organ transplantation and rarely occurs within the first month of transplantation. We report a case of disseminated Cryptococcus neoformans infection occurring 14 days after orthotopic heart transplantation which required mechanical circulatory support with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO). Management was complicated by alterations in antifungal pharmacokinetics and the inability to perform serial lumbar punctures while anticoagulated. Antifungal therapy with nonliposomal amphotericin B, flucytosine, and fluconazole was administered. A combination of optic nerve sheath diameter measurements, CT scans, and evaluation for papilledema was used as temporizing, noninvasive surrogates for intracranial pressure monitoring until lumbar punctures could be safely performed. The patient was successfully decannulated, weaned from mechanical support, and discharged from the intensive care unit.

PMID 42718971
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PubMedmSphere2026-09-10

Anti-psychotic drugs act synergistically in combination with antifungal drugs to inhibit drug-resistant Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans.

Ayala Magali M, Jakamartana Alifia A, Costa Rodrigo Mamede Dos Santos RMDS, Cheung Eric Cheuk-Kiu EC-K et al.

Systemic fungal infections cause an estimated 3.8 million deaths annually, approximately 10% of which are caused by drug-resistant infections. With only five classes of antifungal drugs, treatment options are limited. Here, we explore synergistic drug combinations-when the efficacy of two drugs combined is greater than expected based on the sum of each individual drug's efficacy-to improve treatment of drug-resistant Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans. Chlorpromazine acts synergistically with both amphotericin B and fluconazole against multiple fungal species, including azole-resistant C. neoformans and C. albicans. We then performed a genome-wide knockout mutant screen and found that ESCRT pathway mutants are resistant to chlorpromazine, while knockout mutants of genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis are sensitive. Based on these data, we investigated sterol and fatty acid composition in chlorpromazine-treated cells and found only minor increases in sterol precursors, but a substantial increase in lipid droplet size and decreased lipid droplet numbers. This lipid droplet formation potentially sequesters lipid bioavailability and response to membrane stress. Together, these data suggest that chlorpromazine and its analogs are potentially promising treatments for systemic fungal infections that act via lipid homeostasis and stress response. Fungal infections are a large and expensive health burden with high mortality rates. People with compromised immune systems from cancer, solid organ transplant, HIV infection, and other conditions are particularly affected. Systemic fungal infections are difficult to treat because there are few available drugs and treatment periods last months or years. Long treatment times increase the risk of treatment failure and can contribute to the rise of resistance. We identified an additional class of drugs, chlorpromazine and other phenothiazine drugs, that amplify the activity of existing antifungal drugs amphotericin B (AmB) and fluconazole (FLZ). AmB and FLZ act by targeting ergosterol, the fungal equivalent of cholesterol, which is required for a functional plasma membrane. Chlorpromazine increases the formation of lipid drops, which sequester lipids such as ergosterol. When chlorpromazine is combined with AmB, the fungal cell cannot respond to the plasma membrane damage caused by AmB, inhibiting the fungal cells. This work identifies new target processes and drugs that could treat deadly fungal infections.

PMID 42720352
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PubMedFrontiers in medicine2026-09-10

A case report of Emergomyces orientalis infection in the lung of HIV infected in patient and literature review.

Luo Lifeng L, Guo Ying Y, Nie Zunzhen Z

This study reports a rare case of pulmonary Emergomyces orientalis infection with clinical characteristics, diagnostic approaches and therapeutic regimens of this rare fungal infection, aiming to provide evidence for clinical diagnosis and management. We retrospectively analyzed the patient's clinical symptoms, imaging manifestations, laboratory examinations including metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, as well as prognosis. Related published literature was searched, reviewed and summarized. The patient presented with a 3-day cough and expectoration. Conventional pathogen examinations showed the patient is infected with the HIV virus and definite diagnosis of Emergomyces orientalis infection was finally confirmed by mNGS of lung biopsy specimens. He received liposomal amphotericin B combined with symptomatic supportive therapy. Clinical symptoms were alleviated and pulmonary lesions were absorbed after treatment. Pulmonary Emergomyces orientalis infection is uncommon and prone to missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis with high mortality. Routine pathogen culture yields a low positive rate. mNGS serves as a critical tool for early and accurate diagnosis. Individualized antifungal treatment, strict drug interaction assessment and therapeutic monitoring are essential to optimize clinical prognosis.

PMID 42719226
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PubMedMultidisciplinary respiratory medicine2026-09-10

Automated B-lines quantification with lung ultrasound in mechanically ventilated patients.

Ciabattoni Arianna A, Radovanovic Dejan D, Pozzi Tommaso T, Gurgitano Martina M et al.

If ultrasound dedicated software for the identification and quantification of interstitial syndrome is equal or superior to experts observation is still being explored. The primary objective of this study was to compare the performance of an automatic method based on a dedicated software algorithm with that of expert clinicians in terms of B-lines quantification. Adult patients with acute respiratory failure who were deeply sedated, paralysed and mechanically ventilated were prospectively enrolled within 48 hours from ICU admission and underwent lung ultrasound by a trained physician. For each patient, 12 clips were stored, one for each thoracic region. The clips were then analyzed automatically using a built-in automatic recognition system and visually by two experts. A score of 0 was assigned if fewer than two B-lines were detected, a score of 1 if three or more B-lines were detected and a score of 2 if coalescent B-lines were detected. A total of 40 patients were included in the study. Out of the 480 clips analysed, 54.2% had a lung score of 0, 6.8% had a lung score of 1, 8.8% had a lung score of 2 and 20.2% had a lung score of 3. The agreement between the experts in detecting the scores 0, 1, 2 was excellent (ICC = 0.82) in 383 (79.8%) clips. The agreement between the automatic system and the experts was poor (ICC = 0.33), with a significant difference (p < 0.001). In mechanically ventilated patients with acute respiratory failure, an automatic B-lines quantification system did not present an acceptable accuracy compared to expert consensus for B-lines counting, probably due to the coexistence of consolidation and pleural effusion.

PMID 42720572
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PubMedFrontiers in neuroscience2026-09-10

Case Report: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma presenting predominantly with spinal cord involvement: a series of three cases confirmed by abdominopelvic lymph node biopsy.

Zhu Yuan Y, Liu Hui H, Zhou Zhong-Hui ZH, Liu An-Jie AJ et al.

Secondary central nervous system lymphoma (SCNSL) presenting with predominant spinal cord involvement is rare and often misdiagnosed. This case series aims to describe the clinical characteristics, diagnostic challenges, and the critical role of lymph node biopsy in confirming SCNSL in patients with spinal cord manifestations, with the goal of improving diagnostic accuracy for diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) involving the spinal cord. We report three cases of SCNSL with predominant spinal cord involvement, all confirmed as DLBCL by abdominopelvic lymph node biopsy. Initial presentations included lower extremity numbness, weakness, and urinary disturbances. Clinical and imaging data were reviewed, along with diagnostic workup and histopathological findings. All three patients were initially misdiagnosed with myelitis or demyelinating disorders and showed only transient improvement following corticosteroid and immunomodulatory therapy. Spinal MRI revealed abnormal cord signals, while contrast-enhanced abdominal CT and whole-body PET/CT identified hypermetabolic lesions in abdominopelvic lymph nodes. Definitive diagnosis was established by pathological examination of lymph node biopsy specimens, confirming DLBCL. SCNSL with isolated or predominant spinal cord involvement presents with nonspecific symptoms and can mimic inflammatory myelopathies, leading to diagnostic delays. Lymph node biopsy plays a pivotal role in establishing the diagnosis. Increased awareness of this atypical presentation may facilitate earlier recognition and timely management of DLBCL with spinal cord involvement.

PMID 42718956
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