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amphotericin B (Amphotec / Amphocil / ABCD)

✓ Approved

Therametrics · 小分子 · 小分子

什么是 amphotericin B？

amphotericin B 是一种小分子，由Therametrics研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Injectable (Others)、Intravenous (IV)。

药物档案

商品名Amphotec, Amphocil, ABCD
公司Therametrics
药物类别小分子
给药途径Injectable (Others), Intravenous (IV)
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Therametrics

治疗适应症

amphotericin B 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Infections and infestationsWound infection fungal✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedChemical Society reviews2026-10-26

Transition metal-catalyzed carborane cage B-H activation and functionalization: a mechanistic view.

Jing Hui-Xian HX, Li Shi-Jun SJ, Li Haoran H, Liu Shihan S et al.

Icosahedral carboranes have extensive potential applications across diverse research fields because these compounds have distinctive properties, including high stability, three-dimensional aromaticity, and high boron density. However, selective cage B-H modification among 10 or 11 chemically similar B-H vertices is an intriguing challenge. Experimental progress in cage B-H functionalization has inspired numerous mechanistic studies of the underlying activation mechanisms and factors dictating selectivity. This review summarizes recent mechanistic studies of transition metal-catalyzed selective functionalization of carboranes, focusing on the activation mechanism of specific B-H bonds and the factors governing regio- and enantioselectivities. Concerted metalation-deprotonation, σ-complex-assisted metathesis, oxidative addition, and metal-carbene insertion are discussed in detail as typical models for B-H bond activation. The transition metal oxidation state and proton acceptor determine the favored activation model. The stability of the B-metal species generated via B-H activation affects the energy level of further functionalization, and thus the selectivity is determined by B-H activation or subsequent functionalization. Therefore, the factors dictating selectivity can be identified by analyzing the transition state properties, providing insights into improving regio- or chiral-at-cage selectivities. The opportunities and challenges for future research are discussed. We highlight strategies of exploiting the unique characteristics of carboranes based on C-H bond activation protocols and single-electron transfer approaches including photo- and electrocatalysis. We expect that this review will provide a framework for understanding the catalytic mechanism, rational catalyst design, and exploration of precise functionalization strategies.

PMID 42929296
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PubMedMagnetic resonance in medicine2026-10-26

The b-Value Dependence for Higher-Degree Spherical Harmonic Powers of the Diffusion MRI Signal Follows Stick Model Predictions in White Matter.

Moss Hunter G HG, Jensen Jens H JH, Benitez Andreana A

To compare the dependence on b-value of the spherical harmonic powers for the diffusion MRI signal in white matter to theoretical predictions from the stick model of water diffusion within axons. Diffusion MRI data were acquired at 3 T in three healthy adults with 10 b-value shells (b = 1000-10 000 s/mm2) and 64 directions per shell. For every b-value, the signal was expanded in spherical harmonics for all even degrees l up to l = 6, and the harmonic power for each degree was calculated. These were compared in selected white matter regions of interest to the theoretical predictions of the stick model, which depend on just two adjustable parameters: the intra-axonal diffusivity and an amplitude factor for each degree. The intra-axonal diffusivity was estimated independently using triple diffusion encoding MRI, leaving the amplitude factor as the sole fitting parameter. Close agreement between experiment and theory was found for b  ≳  4000 s/mm2, the threshold where extra-axonal water signal is expected to be strongly suppressed, for total cerebral white matter as well as separately within the genu, body, and splenium of the corpus callosum. These findings extend prior studies that either considered only the l = 0 harmonic power or treated the intra-axonal diffusivity as a fitting parameter. In white matter, the b-value dependence of the diffusion MRI signal's even degree spherical harmonic powers up to l = 6 are relatively well-described by the stick model of axons for b  ≳  4000 s/mm2.

PMID 42928508
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PubMedEuropean journal of pediatrics2026-10-26

Systematic STI screening in unaccompanied migrant minors: a 6-year experience with urine-based NAAT.

Milkova-Ivanova Sonia S, Mellado-Sola Isabel I, Bravo-Queipo-de-Llano Blanca B, Rodríguez-Molino Paula P et al.

Systematic screening for sexually transmitted infections (STI), beyond serology, is not standard in arrival protocols for unaccompanied migrant minors (UMM). In 2020, our center incorporated urine-based nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT)-based screening into the existing serology-based protocol (HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B/C), and we describe the additional diagnoses of STI identified through NAAT. We conducted a retrospective observational descriptive study (2020-2025) of 226 UMM (99.6% male) in Madrid undergoing serological screening for HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B and C, with additional urine-based multiplex PCR (NAAT) screening for STI. Urine-based NAAT, performed in 163/226 participants (72.1%), identified six positive cases (3.7%, 95% CI 1.4-7.8%) of C. trachomatis, M. genitalium, or Ureaplasma spp. Of these, four patients (2.5%, 95% CI 0.7-6.2%) had actionable infections that were treated. Serology identified no HIV (0/218) or hepatitis C cases (0/212), one syphilis case (0.5%, 95% CI 0.0-2.6%, 1/209), and three chronic hepatitis B cases (1.4%, 95% CI 0.3-3.9%, 3/221). None of the cases had symptoms recorded. Urine NAAT identified six infections (four actionable) not detectable by serology. However, three of eight patients with actionable infections were lost to follow-up, highlighting that the benefit of systematic screening depends on strengthening linkage-to-care alongside testing. • Serological screening (HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B/C) is standard in arrival health assessments for unaccompanied migrant minors, but systematic STI screening beyond serology is not routinely protocoled. • Systematic screening is especially valuable in this population, as follow-up is often limited by care fragmentation and transfers between reception centers. • Urine-based NAAT screening identified additional STI in patients with no symptoms recorded, that were not detectable by serology alone.

PMID 42928391
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PubMedClinics and practice2026-10-26

Medication Complexity and Insomnia Severity in Psychiatric Outpatients: A Moderation Analysis Across Mood and Non-Mood Disorders.

Martiadis Vassilis V, Pessina Enrico E, Martini Azzurra A, Marzolla Marco M et al.

Background: Insomnia is common and occurs across psychiatric diagnoses. A prior analysis of this outpatient cohort found that psychotropic medication complexity was associated with insomnia severity, but whether this association is stronger in particular diagnostic groups was not examined. We preregistered a moderation analysis to test whether mood disorder status modifies the association between medication complexity and insomnia, and additionally examined modification by sex and by insomnia domain. Methods: A secondary analysis was performed of cross-sectional, routinely collected data from 502 adult outpatients (from an initial cohort of 506) at an Italian community mental health centre. The primary model regressed the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) total score on medication complexity × mood disorder status (depressive and bipolar vs. other psychiatric disorders), adjusting for age, sex and education; it was preregistered on the Open Science Framework before any interaction model was estimated. Results: Medication complexity was associated with the ISI total (b = 1.54 per class, 95% CI 0.92 to 2.16; attenuated but retained after benzodiazepine adjustment, b = 1.00, p = 0.009). The prespecified medication complexity × mood interaction was not statistically significant (b = -1.02, 95% CI -2.25 to 0.21, p = 0.103). The medication complexity × sex interaction was also non-significant (b = 0.28, p = 0.64), and the moderation did not differ between ISI domains (three-way interaction p = 0.67). Benzodiazepine prescription was independently associated with the ISI (b = 1.87, p = 0.011). Conclusions: The prespecified hypothesis of a stronger medication complexity-insomnia association in mood disorders was not supported. Because no equivalence margin was prespecified, the analysis cannot establish that the association is equivalent across groups; it indicates only that the hypothesised stronger association was not detected. Findings are exploratory with respect to mechanism and should be read in light of the cross-sectional design and probable confounding by indication.

PMID 42930375
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PubMedCells2026-10-26

Chromosomal Radiosensitivity in Sjögren's Syndrome with and Without Concomitant Malignancy.

Strljic Elena E, Kuhlmann Lukas L, Wacker Jochen J, Geinitz Hans H et al.

Connective tissue diseases have long been hypothesized to confer increased radiosensitivity and radiotherapy-related toxicity, although findings vary between disease entities. In a previous institutional study, we found increased radiosensitivity in patients suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), primarily in patients with concomitant malignancy. We therefore investigated Sjögren's syndrome, an autoimmune disease for which evidence has been limited. Ex vivo chromosomal radiosensitivity was assessed in 45 patients with Sjögren's syndrome (27 non-oncological, 18 oncological) by three-color fluorescence in situ hybridization after 2 Gy irradiation of G0 peripheral blood lymphocytes. Results were compared with 211 healthy controls, 129 breast cancer patients, and the previously characterized SLE cohorts (37 non-oncological, 33 oncological). Demographic, clinical, serological, and treatment-related associations were explored in 31 deeply phenotyped patients. Radiosensitivity was significantly increased in non-oncological Sjögren patients (0.527 breaks per metaphase (B/M)) compared with healthy controls (0.411 B/M; p < 0.001) and non-oncological SLE patients (0.404 B/M; p = 0.001), and it remained similarly elevated in oncological Sjögren patients (0.527 B/M), whereas in SLE increased radiosensitivity was predominantly associated with concomitant malignancy. High-grade anti-SSB positivity was associated with increased radiosensitivity in the unadjusted analysis (p = 0.016), but did not withstand correction for multiple testing (q = 0.124). Sjögren's syndrome is associated with increased ex vivo chromosomal radiosensitivity, with no further apparent increase in patients with concomitant malignancy. This pattern differs from SLE and may suggest a stronger contribution of disease-associated factors. High-grade anti-SSB positivity may represent a relevant serological signal in relation to radiosensitivity, but requires validation in larger cohorts. These findings support closer consideration of individual radiosensitivity in Sjögren's syndrome and highlight the need for prospective studies integrating ex vivo radiosensitivity with radiotherapy-related toxicity and treatment outcomes in this patient population.

PMID 42929827
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PubMedJNCI cancer spectrum2026-10-26

Fine particulate matter and minimal residual disease in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia from the REDIAL consortium.

Hoang Thanh T TT, Hughes Amy E AE, Sok Pagna P, Rosales Omar O et al.

In acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), minimal residual disease (MRD) is an established biomarker of treatment response and strongly associated with poor outcomes. Among children with ALL, air pollution has been associated with lower survival but has not been evaluated with prognostic biomarkers like end of induction (EOI) MRD. Using the Reducing Ethnic Disparities in Acute Leukemia (REDIAL) Consortium, we analyzed 2,125 pediatric patients with ALL. Daily fine particulate matter (PM2.5) estimates were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and linked to patients' residential and treatment center census tracts. Mean daily PM2.5 during induction was calculated using two definitions: 1) based solely on patients' residential address, and 2) Days 1-7 based on the treatment center and Days 8 to EOI on patients' residence. Patients were categorized in quartiles based on mean daily PM2.5. EOI MRD ≥0.1% or ≥ 0.01% was considered positive. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression. In B-ALL, mean daily residential PM2.5 during induction was associated with positive EOI MRD in quartiles 2 (aOR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.08, 2.24) and 3 (aOR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.17) but not quartile 4 (aOR: 1.19). The association across all three quartiles strengthened when restricted to NCI high-risk B-ALL (aOR range: 1.73-2.28). Residential PM2.5 was associated with positive EOI MRD in patients with NCI high-risk B-ALL. Our findings contribute to a growing body of evidence that environmental exposures are associated with inferior outcomes among children diagnosed with ALL.

PMID 42928613
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