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dexamethasone (OT502 / IBI10090 / OT 502)

✓ Approved

Ocumension Therapeutics Co., Ltd. · NR3C1 · 类固醇

什么是 dexamethasone？

dexamethasone 是一种类固醇，由Ocumension Therapeutics Co., Ltd.研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Injectable (Others)、Intraocular Injection。

药物档案

商品名OT502, IBI10090, OT 502
公司Ocumension Therapeutics Co., Ltd.
药物类别类固醇, 小分子
分子靶点NR3C1
给药途径Injectable (Others), Intraocular Injection
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Ocumension Therapeutics Co., Ltd.

作用机制

分子靶点

dexamethasone 作用于 1 个分子靶点：

NR3C1nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 (GR, GCCR)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

dexamethasone 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Eye disordersCataract✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedFrontiers in medicine2026-09-11

Single-dose dexamethasone increases perioperative glycemic variability in older patients with diabetes undergoing lung surgery: a continuous glucose monitoring-based randomized controlled trial.

Zhang Xiaoyi X, Huang Cheng C, Wang Xiang X, Zhang Jun J et al.

To investigate whether a single intraoperative dose of dexamethasone alters perioperative glycemic dynamics in older patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing thoracoscopic lung resection. Glycemic dynamics were captured using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). 72 patients aged ≥ 60 years with type 2 diabetes who underwent elective thoracoscopic lung resection were randomly assigned to receive either 8 mg of dexamethasone or placebo (0.9% saline) intravenously during anesthesia induction. The primary outcome was the maximum change in intraoperative blood glucose from preoperative baseline. Key secondary outcomes included CGM-derived glycemic variability (GV) metrics, including standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV), blood glucose instability index (GLI) and time-in-range measures, assessed throughout the perioperative period. Multivariable linear regression was performed to assess the independent effect of dexamethasone on glycemic outcomes after adjusting for relevant covariates. The accuracy of CGM was assessed using mean absolute relative difference and Bland-Altman analysis. The dexamethasone group exhibited greater median (IQR) maximum intraoperative glucose change: 3.6 (3.3-4.9) mmol/L vs. 3.1 (2.6-4.0) mmol/L; P = 0.009. Dexamethasone was also associated with higher intraoperative GV: SD (1.1 [1.0-1.4] mmol/L vs. 0.8 [0.7-1.0] mmol/L, P < 0.001), CV (21.9 [6.3] vs. 15.8 [6.1]; P < 0.001), and GLI (3.0 [1.7-4.1] mmol2/L2/h vs. 1.4 [0.9-2.4] mmol2/L2/h; P < 0.001). Multivariable analysis confirmed that dexamethasone independently predicted greater intraoperative glucose excursions and glycemic variability. Perioperative time-in-range metrics did not differ significantly between groups. CGM demonstrated acceptable accuracy in this surgical setting. A single 8 mg intraoperative dose of dexamethasone increases maximum intraoperative glucose change and amplifies GV in older patients with diabetes. These findings reveal a previously uncharacterized dimension of dexamethasone-induced glycemic instability in this vulnerable population and highlight the need for glycemic monitoring strategies that capture transient fluctuations potentially missed by conventional intermittent measurements. www.chictr.org.cn, identifier [ChiCTR2300077167].

PMID 42723960
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PubMedMolecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy2026-09-11

D-Amino Acid Prodrug DLMEH Activates mTORC1 via Sestrin2 to Restore Muscle Protein Synthesis in Sarcopenia.

Shim Jae Ho JH, Lee Ji Yeon JY, Ahn Byung Kook BK, Woo Sang Woo SW et al.

Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, lacks FDA-approved pharmacotherapy. The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), activated by leucine via Sestrin2, is the master regulator of muscle protein synthesis, but L-leucine suffers from rapid catabolism and poor bioavailability. Here, we report D-leucine methyl ester hydrochloride (DLMEH), a metabolically stabilized prodrug incorporating D-stereoisomer conversion, methyl esterification, and hydrochloride salt formation. Three orthogonal biophysical methods demonstrate that DLMEH directly binds Sestrin2 (Kd 28.3 μM), equivalent to L-leucine. Sestrin2 siRNA knockdown and rapamycin co-treatment confirm Sestrin2-dependent, mTORC1-specific activation. In human primary myotubes, DLMEH (100 μM) restores dexamethasone-suppressed protein synthesis by 58.2%, significantly exceeding L-leucine (800 μM, 28.5%). In a rat dexamethasone-induced atrophy model, intravenous DLMEH (100 mg/kg/day, 14 days) preserves gastrocnemius mass (19.3% rescue), grip strength (90% of normal), and treadmill endurance (85% of normal), all superior to oral L-leucine. RNA-seq reveals 41.7% reversal of dexamethasone-induced transcriptomic changes with enrichment in mTOR signaling, ribosome biogenesis, and oxidative phosphorylation. Safety profiling establishes NOAEL at 2000 mg/kg with therapeutic index greater than 30. DLMEH represents a first-in-class Sestrin2-targeting mTORC1 activator for sarcopenia.

PMID 42723280
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PubMedBMC neurology2026-09-11

Rashless varicella-zoster virus encephalitis diagnosed by metagenomic next-generation sequencing: two case reports.

Guo Wei-Meng WM, Zhang Xue-Hao XH, Yang Xin X, Chen Fang F et al.

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) can cause a range of central nervous system (CNS) infections, but early diagnosis is difficult when typical skin rash is absent. Rashless VZV encephalitis may present with nonspecific clinical, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and neuroimaging findings and can mimic autoimmune encephalitis, primary central nervous system lymphoma, or other disorders. We report two cases of rashless VZV encephalitis diagnosed by CSF metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), with subsequent neurological complications. Case 1 was a 68-year-old man admitted with fever, seizures, and impaired consciousness. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed multifocal abnormal signals. CSF analysis revealed marked pleocytosis and elevated protein levels, and CSF cytology showed suspected atypical lymphocytes, leading to early consideration of autoimmune encephalitis and primary central nervous system lymphoma. CSF mNGS detected VZV, and rashless VZV encephalitis was diagnosed. The patient improved after intravenous acyclovir combined with a short course of dexamethasone. On day 45 after disease onset, follow-up MRI showed a new acute cerebral infarction adjacent to the posterior horn of the left lateral ventricle. Recurrent CSF pleocytosis and persistent protein elevation suggested possible VZV-associated vasculopathy. After repeated antiviral treatment, he improved again, and no recurrence was observed during more than 3 years of follow-up. Case 2 was a 74-year-old man admitted with fever, low back pain, vomiting, and impaired consciousness. Brain MRI showed multifocal abnormal signals, and CSF analysis revealed marked inflammatory changes. CSF mNGS detected VZV, supporting the etiological diagnosis of rashless VZV encephalitis. The patient improved after intravenous acyclovir combined with a short course of dexamethasone. On day 14 after disease onset, he developed urinary retention, impaired defecation sensation, and bilateral lower-limb weakness, suggesting possible lumbosacral nerve root or cauda equina involvement. Suspected VZV-related Elsberg syndrome was considered. His urinary and bowel dysfunction recovered at 2 months after disease onset. Rashless VZV encephalitis may be diagnostically challenging because early clinical, CSF, and neuroimaging findings are nonspecific. CSF mNGS can support etiological diagnosis, and careful follow-up is needed to detect delayed vascular and lumbosacral nerve root complications.

PMID 42723024
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PubMedJournal of extracellular vesicles2026-09-11

Bioengineered Extracellular Vesicles Mitigate Neuroinflammation by Neutralizing Pneumolysin and Delaying Disease Onset in Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis.

Farmen Kristine K, Mamand Doste R DR, Tofiño-Vian Miguel M, Yfanti Georgia G et al.

Bacterial meningitis is a life-threatening neurological disorder frequently caused by a Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) infection of the brain. Standard treatment consists of antibiotics to eliminate bacteria and dexamethasone to reduce inflammation. Despite this, mortality reaches 20% in treated individuals, and half of the survivors suffer long-term neurological sequelae. This is largely due to the poor capacity of antibiotics to reach the brain and the lack of antimicrobial treatment capable of neutralizing the pneumococcal toxin pneumolysin (Ply). To address these limitations, we isolated extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from human HEK293T cells and evaluated their therapeutic potential in pneumococcal meningitis. Alongside wild-type EVs (WT.EVs), we bioengineered EVs to express RVG peptides (RVG.EV) for targeting neuronal acetylcholine receptors, signal incompetent IL-6 signal transducer (IL-6ST) decoy receptors (IL-6.EV) to block the pro-inflammatory signalling of IL-6, or EVs expressing both RVG peptides and IL-6ST (DB.EV). In vitro, all EVs reduced pneumococcal adhesion to neurons and mitigated cytotoxicity by binding and sequestering Ply. In a bacteremia-derived pneumococcal meningitis model, EV treatment significantly increased the survival of the mice without affecting bacterial load in the brain or the periphery. Among all groups, RVG.EV treatment was most effective in reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine release in the periphery and brain. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of bioengineered EVs, particularly RVG peptides expressing EVs, as an adjunctive treatment for pneumococcal meningitis thanks to their (i) sequestration and neutralization of Ply, (ii) increased blood-brain barrier crossing, and (iii) dampening of inflammation.

PMID 42723490
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PubMedFrontiers in medicine2026-09-11

POEMS syndrome presenting as presumed chronic glomerulonephritis with a 1-year delay in diagnosis: a case report.

Liu Li L, Li Mingpeng M, Li Fugang F

Polyneuropathy, Organomegaly, Endocrinopathy, Monoclonal protein, Skin changes (POEMS) syndrome is a rare paraneoplastic disorder driven by an underlying plasma cell dyscrasia. While renal involvement is common, it typically manifests after neurological or dermatological symptoms. Chronic glomerulonephritis-like manifestations as the sole initial feature for a prolonged period are exceptionally rare and can lead to delayed diagnosis. A 38-year-old woman presented with a 1-year history of foamy urine and a 1-week history of lower limb muscle pain. She had previously been treated with irbesartan for presumed chronic glomerulonephritis. Two months prior to admission, she developed lower limb numbness, followed by progressive muscle pain. Physical examination revealed cervical lymphadenopathy and left-sided cardiomegaly. Laboratory investigations demonstrated proteinuria, mild renal impairment, and a serum monoclonal immunoglobulin A (IgA)-λ protein on immunofixation electrophoresis. Nerve conduction studies confirmed severe demyelinating polyneuropathy. Imaging revealed pericardial effusion, splenomegaly, and bilateral renal enlargement. Following multidisciplinary consultation, subsequent investigations revealed markedly elevated serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and patchy, slightly high-density shadows in bilateral iliac bones on abdominal computed tomography (CT), which supported the definitive diagnosis of POEMS syndrome. At follow-up, the patient was initiated on lenalidomide and dexamethasone therapy and is currently undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation at a tertiary care center, showing significant symptomatic improvement. In patients with an unexplained chronic glomerulonephritis-like presentation that is refractory to standard therapy, POEMS syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis, even in the absence of typical skin or bone changes. Early serum immunofixation and VEGF assessment are critical for avoiding a delayed diagnosis.

PMID 42723812
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PubMedJournal of the science of food and agriculture2026-09-11

Antioxidant and anti-aging effects of polysaccharides extracted from Camellia oleifera branches.

Lu Shengjia S, Xin Jianghui J, Cheng Ligui L, Ou Yanghui Y et al.

Camellia oleifera Abel is extensively cultivated for edible oil, generating abundant leaves, shells, and branches as by-products. However, the bioactivity of polysaccharides from these different tissues remains poorly characterized. To valorize these agricultural wastes, six crude polysaccharides were extracted from the leaves, shells, and branches of C. oleifera using hot water extraction (HWE) and ultrasound-assisted hot water extraction (USHWE). Their physicochemical properties were compared, and in vitro anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated to identify the most promising fraction. The active polysaccharide was purified, and its in vivo anti-aging potential was investigated in Caenorhabditis elegans. Physicochemical characterization revealed distinct structural and compositional differences among the six polysaccharides. Notably, the polysaccharide obtained from branches by HWE (HWE-Branch), which possessed a high total sugar content (35.35%), showed the most potent suppression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) expression in RAW264.7 macrophages, exceeding the effect of dexamethasone. This fraction was purified to yield a homogeneous polysaccharide designated C. oleifera branch polysaccharide (CBP). In C. elegans, CBP extended lifespan in a concentration-dependent manner; at 4 mg mL-1, the median lifespan increased by 32.6% compared with the control. Under cyclic heat stress, 4 mg mL-1 CBP maintained 38.38% survival after four cycles, whereas all control nematodes died. Furthermore, CBP significantly reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipofuscin levels. At 4 mg mL-1, ROS fluorescence intensity decreased from 48.84% to 21.79% and lipofuscin from 25.03% to 10.23%. Purified C. oleifera branch polysaccharide CBP showed strong anti-aging effects in C. elegans by scavenging ROS, attenuating lipofuscin accumulation, and enhancing stress resistance. These findings indicate that CBP is a promising natural ingredient for anti-aging interventions and support the valorization of C. oleifera processing by-products. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

PMID 42723275
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