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CSF-GM (Leucogen)

✓ Approved

LG Chem Ltd. · CSF2RA · 重组蛋白

什么是 CSF-GM？

CSF-GM 是一种重组蛋白，由LG Chem Ltd.研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Injectable (Others)。

药物档案

商品名Leucogen
公司LG Chem Ltd.
药物类别重组蛋白
分子靶点CSF2RA
给药途径Injectable (Others)
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, LG Chem Ltd.

作用机制

分子靶点

CSF-GM 作用于 1 个分子靶点：

CSF2RAcolony stimulating factor 2 receptor subunit alpha (CD116, CSF2RX)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

CSF-GM 针对 2 个适应症，涉及 2 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)Leukaemia✓ Approved
Blood and lymphatic system disordersMyelosuppression✓ Approved

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Evaluation of Trialling Efficiency of the Australian Wheatbelt.

Arief Vivi V, Ramakers Jip J C JJC, Fernandez Javier J, Boer Martin P MP et al.

The Australian wheatbelt is divided into three main growing regions: the North (New South Wales and Queensland), the South (Victoria, South Australia and Tasmania), and the West (Western Australia). Using wheat yield data from the 2015-2022 multi-environmental trials (METs) conducted by the National Variety Trials (NVT), this study examines genotype-by-environment interactions (G×E) and trialling efficiencies, within and across regions. The North had the highest mean yield (390 gm-2) and the largest proportion of phenotypic variance explained by G×E (64%), while the West had the lowest yield (355 gm-2) and the lowest G×E contribution (44%). Despite regional differences, yield gains were approximately 1.4 gm-2 per year (or ∼ 0.5% annually) across all regions. The West also showed the highest repeatability (0.85 ± 0.02) and the lowest least significance difference (5% LSD, 22 gm-2 ± 1 gm-2) for a benchmark five-year MET, compared to the South (0.70 ± 0.04, 35 ± 1.4 gm-2) and the North (0.59 ± 0.05, 35 ± 1.4 gm-2). Modelling results were consistent across regions and indicated that 2 years of testing at 20 sites per year delivered efficiencies that could not be improved very much further.

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PubMedThe American journal of Chinese medicine2026-10-26

The Traditional Chinese Medicine-Gut Microbiota-Colorectal Cancer Axis: Mechanistic Insights and Recent Progress.

Wang Baiyan B, Dong Yuanhang Y, Liu Keke K, Li Shuxuan S et al.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of global cancer mortality, with gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis playing a critical role in its pathogenesis. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) offers a holistic, multi-target approach and has shown increasing promise in CRC prevention and treatment through GM modulation. This review systematically proposes the "TCM-GM-CRC" axis and elucidates seven interconnected mechanisms through which it mediates the anti-CRC effects of TCM: Reshaping microbial balance by inhibiting pathogens and enriching probiotics; repairing intestinal barrier integrity through upregulation of tight junction proteins and mucin production; suppressing oncogenic and pro-inflammatory signaling pathways by pathogenic bacteria; remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment through immunocyte regulation; modulating microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, and tryptophan derivatives; intervening in CRC cell metabolic reprogramming, including aerobic glycolysis and aberrant lipid metabolism; and inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis. Key herbal formulas and active compounds discussed include Canmei Formula, Wu Mei Wan, Gegen Qinlian Decoction, Banxia Xiexin Decoction, and Pien Tze Huang, as well as single compounds such as berberine, evodiamine, curcumin, ginsenoside Rh4, and sophocarpine, which exert anti-CRC effects through distinct GM-mediated pathways. We emphasize the synergistic and multi-dimensional role of TCM in targeting GM and its functional metabolites to combat CRC. To deepen the understanding of the "TCM-GM-CRC" interaction mechanisms, future research should integrate multi-omics technologies, germ-free models, fecal microbiota transplantation, and clinical translation. Additionally, the development of "TCM-plus" combinatorial strategies, microbiota-targeted nanodelivery systems, and medically formulated foods is advocated to advance CRC precision prevention and treatment centered on GM.

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PubMedPlant, cell & environment2026-10-26

Leveraging Diversity in Environmental Driven Responses Reveals a Key Role for Mesophyll Conductance and Root Sink Strength Under Elevated CO2 and Temperature.

Franck Evelien E, Gambart Clara C, Massart Sébastien S, Vanderschuren Hervé H et al.

In future climates both CO2 and temperature are predicted to rise. Using high-throughput phenotyping, the diversity of 31 different banana varieties and their associated traits were leveraged to understand the impact of potential future climatic conditions of combined elevated CO2 (e[CO2]) and temperature. Under ambient CO2 (a[CO2]) the adaxial/abaxial stomatal density ratio (rSD) was identified as a strong predictor of growth, but its importance diminished when CO2 was highly abundant. When evaluated at 400 versus 800 ppm and 30°C versus 34°C, variation in mesophyll conductance (gm) and root sink strength drove growth under both a[CO2] and e[CO2]. Significant positive correlations between the e[CO2] response of stomatal conductance (gs,c), transpiration (E), root to shoot ratio, net photosynthetic rate at saturating irradiance (Asat), maximum rate of electron transport (Jmax) and maximum triose phosphate utilisation rate (TPUmax) indicated a coupling between sink strength, photosynthetic capacity and stomatal regulation. Moreover, gm and gs,c concurrently reduced under e[CO2]. Interactions between acclimation towards e[CO2] and temperature were evident on gas exchange and photosynthetic capacity. Under the investigated conditions, e[CO2] counteracted the negative effect of the supra-optimal temperature on growth. Varieties with high mesophyll conductance and root sink strength benefitted most from e[CO2] driven growth and photosynthesis enhancement. Results were further validated in an ecotron facility. This study reveals rSD, gm and root sink strength as potential traits for crop improvement and highlights the importance of evaluating the simultaneous impact of CO2 and temperature in future climate studies.

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PubMedBiosensors2026-10-26

Label-Free Acoustic Wave Detection of Myelin Basic Protein for Monitoring of Neurodegenerative Disease.

Spagnolo Sandro S, Mikuličová Sára S, Davoudian Katharina K, Sontakke Kiran K et al.

Myelin basic protein (MBP) is released into cerebrospinal fluid during demyelination and is therefore a promising biomarker for the detection of neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis. For the label-free detection of MBP, we developed an antifouling aptasensor based on thickness shear mode sensing. DNA aptamers were immobilized on gold-coated piezoelectric crystals functionalized with an engineered antifouling self-assembled monolayer based on 3-(2-mercaptoethoxy)propanoic acid (HS-MEG-COOH) combined with either 2-(2-mercaptoethoxy)ethanol (HS-MEG-OH) or dithiothreitol (DTT) as spacers. The binding of recombinant human MBP to the aptamer was confirmed with a corresponding decrease in resonance frequency in both phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF). The aptasensor achieved a limit of detection of 11 ng mL-1 in PBS and 2 ng mL-1 in aCSF. PBS measurements were primarily applied to determine the aptasensor functionality, whereas experiments in aCSF evaluated MBP detection at concentrations relevant to reported levels in biological CSF. Selectivity was assessed with aptamer-free surfaces, cytochrome c, and human serum albumin (HSA) with much lower responses, while concentration-dependent MBP detection was maintained in aCSF despite the increased complexity of the matrix. The antifouling performance of the modified sensing surface was further demonstrated in aCSF by the significantly reduced frequency and dissipation responses compared to bare gold. With future validation in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples, the developed biosensor has the potential to enable sensitive, label-free detection of MBP in CSF for the identification and monitoring of neurodegenerative diseases.

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PubMedNMR in biomedicine2026-10-26

Automated Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow Quantification in Hydrocephalus Using Phase-Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Rodríguez Martínez Eder Alejandro EA, Liu Pan P, Owashi Kimi K, Gayet Antoine A et al.

Quantitative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow analysis with phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging depends on segmentation and is affected by operator variability. This cohort method-comparison study evaluated whether a flow-aware deep learning (DL) model provides reproducible C2-C3 CSF segmentation and flow quantification compared with repeated manual segmentation. Ten hydrocephalus patients underwent 3-T phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging at C2-C3, with 32 magnitude and phase frames across the cardiac cycle. Three experts and one novice segmented each case twice using semi-automatic software, generating 80 manual annotations. A pretrained flow-aware 2D-UNet generated one fixed automatic segmentation per case. The inference pipeline was deterministic, meaning that repeated processing of the same input with fixed model weights and settings produced identical masks. A multi-expert reference was defined as the arithmetic mean of the expert measurements. Region of interest (ROI) surface area, peak flow amplitude, and stroke volume were compared using mean difference, Bland-Altman 95% limits of agreement, Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Expert ICC(1,1) was 0.88-0.97 for surface area, 0.97-1.00 for peak flow amplitude, and 0.97-0.99 for stroke volume; novice values were 0.63, 0.95, and 0.92, respectively. Compared with the multi-expert reference, model mean differences were -0.42 mm2 for surface area, -0.00 mL/s for peak flow amplitude, and -0.01 mL for stroke volume, with CCC values of 0.50, 0.87, and 0.86. Bland-Altman limits of agreement were -69.12 to 68.27 mm2, -1.47 to 1.46 mL/s, and -0.34 to 0.31 mL. The model provided rapid, deterministic CSF segmentation with small cohort-level mean differences in peak flow amplitude and stroke volume; however, individual-level agreement with the flow-derived multi-expert reference was lower than for expert and novice segmentations obtained using the semi-automatic workflow.

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Zaki Rania R, Nassar Auhood A, Al Najar Rania A RA, Sabit Hussein H et al.

Breast cancer (BC) progression depends on immune dysregulation and complex interactions between tumor cells and host immune components. Soluble immune checkpoints, growth factors, chemokines, and cytokines are promising circulating biomarkers; however, their clinical relevance across IHC-defined clinicopathological subgroups in Egyptian BC patients remains poorly characterized. Seventy Egyptian women with pathologically confirmed early-stage BC and 20 healthy controls were recruited for this case-control study. Patients were classified into IHC-defined clinicopathological groups. Eleven circulating proteins (ICOSLG, LAG-3, TIM-3, TNFRSF-14 (HVEM), FGF-21, M-CSF, CX3CR1, CCL5, CX3CL1/fractalkine, IFN-A2A, and TGF-β1) were quantified by sandwich ELISA. Associations with IHC-defined clinicopathological subgroups was assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses. Biomarker performance was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and heatmaps. The cohort comprised Luminal A-like (n = 20), Luminal-HER2-like (n = 18), Luminal B-like (n = 16), HER2-positive (n = 9), and TNBC (n = 7) groups. BC cases had significantly higher circulating levels of ICOSLG, TIM-3, FGF-21, M-CSF, CX3CR1, CCL5, CX3CL1/fractalkine, TGF-β1, and TNFRSF-14 (HVEM), and significantly lower levels of LAG-3 than healthy controls (all p < 0.05). Statistically significant subtype-related differences were observed for ICOSLG, LAG-3, FGF-21, M-CSF, CX3CL1/fractalkine, TGF-β1, and TNFRSF-14 (HVEM). In multivariate logistic regression, Spearman rank correlation analysis confirmed that CX3CL1/fractalkine and TNFRSF-14 (HVEM) were independently associated with IHC-defined clinicopathological subgroups and can distinguish Luminal-HER2 BC from the Luminal A subtype [CX3CL1/Fractalkine: AUC of 0.789 (95% CI: 0.643-0.935), p = 0.002; TNFRSF-14 (HVEM): AUC of 0.858 (95% CI: 0.735-0.981), p < 0.001). For HER2 positivity, a combined LAG-3/CCL5 ROC for HER2-positive vs. HER2-negative was yielded AUC = 0.775 (95% CI: 0.659-0.882). Early BC appears to trigger significant systemic immune dysregulation, marked by altered circulating levels of immune checkpoints, inflammatory mediators, and growth factors. CX3CL1/fractalkine and TNFRSF-14 (HVEM) can independently discriminate Luminal-HER2 BC from the Luminal A subtype and may serve as potential biomarkers for disease stratification and precision immuno-oncology.

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