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CSF-GM (Leucogen)

✓ Approved

LG Chem Ltd. · CSF2RA · 重组蛋白

什么是 CSF-GM？

CSF-GM 是一种重组蛋白，由LG Chem Ltd.研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Injectable (Others)。

药物档案

商品名Leucogen
公司LG Chem Ltd.
药物类别重组蛋白
分子靶点CSF2RA
给药途径Injectable (Others)
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, LG Chem Ltd.

作用机制

分子靶点

CSF-GM 作用于 1 个分子靶点：

CSF2RAcolony stimulating factor 2 receptor subunit alpha (CD116, CSF2RX)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

CSF-GM 针对 2 个适应症，涉及 2 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)Leukaemia✓ Approved
Blood and lymphatic system disordersMyelosuppression✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedBritish journal of haematology2026-09-10

A pro-inflammatory cytokine signature characterises thrombotic antiphospholipid syndrome despite stable anticoagulation.

Ducker Catherine B CB, Preece Megan V MV, Schofield Jeremy J, Pericleous Charis C et al.

Inflammation contributes to primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS) pathogenesis, but cytokine profiles and associated thrombotic phenotypes remain incompletely defined. A panel of 20 cytokines, chemokines and endothelial activation markers was analysed in 37 PAPS patients on stable anticoagulation and 12 healthy controls (HC). We compared concentrations between groups and performed unsupervised hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis (PCA) to identify inflammatory subgroups. Compared with HC, patients with PAPS exhibited significantly elevated levels of 14/20 analytes: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-17a, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), P-selectin and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP1β) (all p < 0.05). Unsupervised clustering identified three inflammatory antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) subgroups distinct from HC. A core cytokine signature comprising GM-CSF, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13 and TNF-α was elevated across all APS clusters. One cluster, enriched for arterial thrombosis, demonstrated a more pronounced inflammatory phenotype, with increased IFN-α. Comparison of phenotypes showed significantly higher concentrations of GM-CSF, IFN-α, IL-1α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17a and TNF-α in arterial versus venous thrombosis. Our findings demonstrate widespread cytokine dysregulation and distinct inflammatory subgroups in PAPS, with arterial thrombosis showing stronger inflammation than venous thrombosis, supporting divergent thrombo-inflammatory mechanisms and potential precision immunomodulatory therapeutic targets.

PMID 42717283
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PubMedNature communications2026-09-10

Th17 effector cytokines induce shared and distinct microglial and endothelial cell responses in a mouse model for post-streptococcal encephalitis.

Wayne Charlotte R CR, Akcan Uğur U, Faust Travis E TE, Durán-Laforet Violeta V et al.

Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections cause neuropsychiatric complications in children, but the mechanisms linking peripheral infection to brain dysfunction remain unclear. Using mouse genetics, single-cell RNA sequencing, and spatial transcriptomics, we show that GAS infections induce inflammatory transcriptional programs in microglia and brain endothelial cells (BECs), accompanied by loss of blood-brain barrier (BBB) gene expression in female mice. Spatial transcriptomic analyses reveal that GAS-responsive microglia localize near infiltrating CD4+ T cells. Several microglial chemokines induced in mice are elevated in sera from affected patients. Deletion of GM-CSF in CD4⁺ T cells partially reduces microglial chemokine gene expression, without restoring BBB integrity. In contrast, IL-17A neutralization partially rescues BBB transcriptional changes, but not BBB dysfunction, and reduces microglial chemokine expression. Microglia-specific deletion of IL-17 receptor A partially restores BBB integrity after GAS infections. Our findings identify microglial IL-17A-IL17RA signaling as a potential mediator of BBB dysfunction and neuroinflammation after GAS infections.

PMID 42717209
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PubMedActa medica Philippina2026-09-10

An Observational Study of Granulomatous Mastitis in a Philippine Breast Care Center.

Cua-De Los Santos Emmeline Elaine L EEL, Viray Brent Andrew G BAG, Dofitas Rodney B RB, Alberto Nicole Rose I NRI et al.

Granulomatous mastitis (GM) of the breast has long posed a clinical dilemma in terms of diagnosis and management. GM can range from acute to chronic inflammations, which will have treatment implications. Inflammation of the breast may clinically mimic breast carcinomas and pyogenic abscesses. Thus, in the absence of known etiology, such as trauma or breastfeeding, GM may be difficult to diagnose. Currently, the incidence of GM is 2.4 per 100,000 women and 0.37% of the total population in the US. The rarity of GM contributes to it being a poorly understood disease. It has no definite clinical features and is often confused with a neoplasm or infection clinically and radiologically. The study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of GM seen in the Breast Care Clinic in the Philippine General Hospital (PGH) from January 2015 to June 2019. This study would initially provide institutional data on GM that is relevant in the Philippines. This is a retrospective observational study of patients with GM seen in the Philippine General Hospital, a national tertiary referral hospital, from January 2015 to June 2019. A total of 43 patients with pathological findings of GM from January 1, 2015 to June 15, 2019 were recorded. Among these 43 patients, 98% were female. The median age was 38.9 ± 11.3 years old. In 60.5% (26 out of 43) of patients, the initial impression was breast malignancy. The most common clinical presentation in 69.8% (30 out of 43) of the subjects was a breast mass. In more than 50% of the patients, breast ultrasonography was the initial imaging performed. The histopathologic profile of the patients showed inflammation, of which, the greatest were that of chronic granulomatous inflammation (46.5%, n-20). Treatment options performed were tended more medical (53.5%, n-23) than surgical (16.3%, n-7).Among those who received medical treatment, the therapeutics given were antitubercular medications (34.9%, n-15) and antibiotics (16.3%, n-7), while the others had a combination of antitubercular and antibiotic regimen medications (2.3%, n-1); unknown treatment (25.6%, n-11) and none (11.6%, n-5). For patient outcomes, no mortalities were recorded during the study period. However, most patients had inconsistent follow-ups. Approximately 7%-23% of the patients who had followed up within the six months showed improvement or resolution of symptoms. This study assessed the clinical profiles of patients with GM in a national tertiary referral hospital. Internationally, there is still no consensus on the algorithm and management of GM patients. However, the authors recommend a close follow-up every two weeks to re-evaluate patient response to the medical regimen being administered. The authors recommend a prospective study with a longer follow-up period to gain a deeper understanding of GM in Filipinos.

PMID 42719183
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PubMedACS chemical biology2026-09-10

Mapping Griselimycin Functional Group Roles in Sliding Clamp Binding and Antimycobacterial Activity.

Clemente Ashley F AF, Koness Kathryn J KJ, O'Neal Luke G LG, Jabaley Isaac E Z IEZ et al.

Mycobacterial infections constitute a major public health burden, with antibiotic resistance contributing significantly to increasing mortality rates. "Anti-evolution" drugs that treat infections and limit new resistance represent promising next-generation antibiotics for these infections. The DNA replication machinery, or replisome, represents a prime anti-evolution drug target. Within the replisome, targeting the bacterial sliding clamp protein DnaN is particularly advantageous: it is essential for both normal and error-prone DNA replication and interacts with replication proteins through a short, conserved clamp binding motif (CBM) that is distinct from eukaryotic homologs. A promising starting point to target mycobacterial sliding clamp proteins is the cyclic depsipeptide natural product griselimycin (GM), which inhibits mycobacterial growth by interacting with the sliding clamp protein as a CBM mimic to inhibit DNA replication. Nonetheless, a detailed map of how GM's chemical structure influences its function is lacking. Here, we prepared a systematic series of GM variants to probe functional group roles in GM's interaction with bacterial sliding clamp proteins and in antibiotic activity against the model mycobacterial species Mycobacterium smegmatis. Overall, we determined that the N-terminal exocyclic region makes a limited contribution to both sliding clamp protein interaction and antibiotic activity. Modifications to the three native proline residues also contribute minimally to sliding clamp protein interaction but do improve antibiotic activity. Taken together, these studies reveal previously unknown functional group roles in GM and highlight the N-terminus and/or proline residues as favorable sites for GM optimization to improve antimycobacterial activity and/or reduce synthetic complexity.

PMID 42720202
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PubMedInfection and drug resistance2026-09-10

Antimicrobial Decision-Making in Culture-Negative Bacterial Meningitis with mNGS-Detected Prevotella-Dominant Anaerobic Signals: Two Case Reports and a Literature Review.

Li Yan Y, Hu Yuyuan Y, Yang Yuhang Y, Li Wen Yuan WY et al.

Anaerobic meningitis is uncommon and may be underrecognized when cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture is non-diagnostic, particularly after antimicrobial exposure or when anaerobic collection, transport, and incubation conditions are suboptimal. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) can provide complementary microbiological evidence in selected culture-negative central nervous system (CNS) infections, but low-biomass CSF results require explicit quality-control reporting and careful assessment of contamination and clinical plausibility. We report two culture-negative bacterial meningitis cases in which CSF mNGS showed a Prevotella-dominant anaerobic signal. Prevotella oris was the predominant species-level detection in both cases, accompanied by lower-abundance anaerobic co-detections. Because P. oris was not recovered by culture or independently confirmed by species-specific PCR, the results were classified as mNGS-supported Prevotella-dominant signals rather than confirmed monomicrobial P. oris meningitis. Both patients received case-specific antimicrobial therapy adjusted according to clinical status, serial CSF findings, neuroimaging evolution, and adverse-event monitoring. Case 1 required meropenem re-escalation after radiological progression and recurrent intracranial hypertension, whereas Case 2 improved after escalation to meropenem followed by the documented de-escalation to metronidazole. Both patients achieved favorable functional outcomes. These cases illustrate how CSF mNGS may be used as an adjunct when conventional microbiology is non-diagnostic, while emphasizing that sequencing signals, serial CSF changes, imaging, and treatment response must be interpreted together. The two observations do not establish P. oris causality or a standardized escalation/de-escalation regimen.

PMID 42719838
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PubMedJournal of acute medicine2026-09-10

Adopting a Hyperlordotic Posture can Prevent the Leakage of Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) After Lumbar Puncture and Thus Prevent Post-Dural Puncture Headache.

Finsterer Josef J

PMID 42719735
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