TJ-15 (OGT)

Exploratory analysis of the associations of short-chain fatty acids and their related factors with growth performance in growing pigs using a Bayesian network.

Takahashi Toru T, Tsukahara Takamitsu T, Miura Hiroto H, Kawase Takahiro T et al.

We suggested the causal relationships between daily weight gains (DG) and feed conversion ratios (FCR) of growing pigs, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) concentrations in digesta and blood, and SCFA-related factors such as intestinal morphology, SCFA transporters and tight junction (TJ) proteins. Twelve pigs were divided into 5% of rapeseed meal-, beet pulp- or starch-supplemented groups, kept for 21 days, and dissected. Bayesian network showed that factors affecting DG were expressions of sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter 1, claudin-1, and Zonula occludens-1 in cecal mucosa, monocarboxylate transporter 1 and occludin in ileal mucosa, and SCFA concentrations in abdominal aortas. Factors affecting FCR were type of diet, villous height in ileum, SCFA concentrations in ileal veins and cecal digesta. Greater DG may be associated with stimulation of SCFA transportation and regulation of TJ functions, whereas reduced FCR appears to be linked to villous elongation and stimulation of SCFA production in the intestine.

The first four ground-level enhancements in the 1940s: investigation, digitization and analysis of forgotten data.

Hayakawa Hisashi H, Poluianov Stepan S, Koldobskiy Sergey S, Mishev Aleksander A et al.

Intense solar eruptions occasionally accelerate solar energetic particles (SEPs) and trigger ground-level enhancements (GLEs). Among the 77 known GLEs, the first four #1- 4, in the 1940s, took place before the advent of the standard neutron monitors (NMs) and were missing from the International GLE Database (IGLED). This data gap challenged their quantification. To overcome this difficulty, we systematically gathered, digitized and quantified contemporaneous cosmic-ray records pertaining to these GLEs. These data allow us to reconstruct the GLE temporal evolution with 1-15 minute resolutions and broaden their geographical coverage to a global scale. GLEs #1 and #3 exhibited gradual increases in their rise times, measured at 45±15 and 105±15 minutes, respectively. By contrast, GLEs #2 and #4 both exhibited abrupt increases of 15±15 minutes. We also compared integral ionization increase on the standard ionization chambers (ICs) and their local geomagnetic cut-off rigidities Pc to qualitatively compare GLE spectral hardness: Our result indicates that their spectra are extremely hard for GLEs #2 and #4 and mildly hard for GLEs #1 and #3. GLE #3 showed the greatest integral ionizations for polar detectors among them. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Radiocarbon and cosmic radiation events'.

Bone Grafting Using Manually Contoured Femoral Head and Neck Allograft Successfully Fills Femoral and Tibial Tunnel Osteolytic Defects in 2-Stage Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Computed Tomography-Guided Analysis.

Hirpara Ankit A, Constantine Evangelia E, Dragoo Jason L JL

To use computed tomography (CT) to quantify the percent filling of tibial and femoral tunnel osteolytic defects using a manually contoured femoral head and neck allograft prior to definitive revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Patients under 50 years were included if they underwent bone grafting of tibial and/or femoral tunnels with femoral head and neck allograft during 2-stage revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction between 2019 and 2024. Patients must have obtained a CT scan at a minimum of 3 months after bone grafting. Percent filling was calculated on axial CT as the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the graft to the reamed tunnel and to the total osteolytic defect. Percent filling was measured through the full tunnel depth and 15 mm from the intra-articular aperture. A cost-minimization analysis was performed comparing femoral head and neck allografts with prefabricated allograft bone dowels. Twenty tibias and 15 femurs underwent bone grafting. Postoperative CT was obtained at an average of 123.0 ± 14.3 days (range: 109-169 days). Percent filling of tibial tunnels was 92.0% (reamed tunnel, full depth), 92.3% (reamed tunnel, 15 mm depth), 80.4% (entire defect, full depth), and 81.8% (entire defect, 15 mm depth). Percent filling of femoral tunnels was 77.9% (reamed tunnel, full depth), 82.0% (reamed tunnel, 15 mm depth), 68.1% (entire defect, full depth), and 71.3% (entire defect, 15 mm depth). Intraclass correlation coefficients for graft and tunnel measurements were 0.9897 and 0.9804, respectively. In 14 patients who underwent tibial and femoral tunnel bone grafting, paired analyses showed greater percent filling in tibial tunnels (P < .05). There were no postoperative complications. Femoral head and neck allografts were associated with lower costs compared with prefabricated dowels. Manually contoured femoral head and neck allografts adequately fill osteolytic defects in tibial and femoral tunnels prior to definitive second-stage revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Level IV, retrospective case series.

Abstracts of the 20th Transgenic Technology Meeting (TT2026) : Leiden, The Netherlands, September 15-18, 2026.