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nevirapine (nevirapine ER / nevirapine XR / nevirapine, XR)

✓ Approved

Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH · · 小分子

什么是 nevirapine？

nevirapine 是一种小分子，由Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Oral (PO)。

药物档案

商品名nevirapine ER, nevirapine XR, nevirapine, XR
公司Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH
药物类别小分子
给药途径Oral (PO)
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH

作用机制

分子靶点

nevirapine 作用于 1 个分子靶点：

gag-pol, HIV-1 (gag-pol)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

nevirapine 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Infections and infestationsAcquired immunodeficiency syndrome✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedGels (Basel, Switzerland)2026-07-27

Protocol-Dependent Effects on Colloidal Characterization and Drug Loading/Release Analysis of Thermosensitive PNIPAM-co-COOH Microgels.

López-Molina José J, Garrido-Rodríguez Alba A, Tirado-Miranda María M, Bastos-González Delfi D et al.

This work analyzes protocol-dependent effects on the colloidal characterization and drug loading/release analysis of model thermosensitive PNIPAM-co-COOH microgels and shows how they can be quantified or minimized through targeted methodological refinements. Findings reveal that standard single-beam DLS underestimates the collapsed hydrodynamic radius by 18% at 43 °C due to thermal convection. After drift correction, 3D-DLS combined with SLS provides a consistent description of thermally induced collapse, pH-dependent swelling and core-corona structure. Regarding drug delivery, loading efficiency for Doxorubicin and 5-Fluorouracil is maximized near the volume phase transition temperature, where hydrophobic interactions are strongest. For release studies, dialysis is recommended, but free-drug blanks are required to account for membrane-induced delay and ensure accurate early kinetic profiles. By integrating TEM, AFM, SLS, DLS, NTA and LDE, this study establishes a robust framework for the colloidal characterization of thermosensitive microgels. These refinements reduce experimental bias and may be extended to related soft nanocarriers.

PMID 42505310
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PubMedVaccines2026-07-27

Development and Validation of an Extended Adult Vaccine Hesitancy Scale in Greek-Speaking Populations.

Hadjikou Andria A, Heraclidou Irene I, Heraclides Alexandros A

Vaccine hesitancy (VH) is a complex global public health threat requiring validated tools for its assessment globally. This study aimed to evaluate an extended adult Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (aVHS) among Greek-speaking adults. This study evaluated a newly developed extended version of a widely used aVHS, incorporating five additional items on long-term safety, risk-benefit evaluation, vaccine-related harm, scientific credibility, and perceived alternatives, on a cross-sectional sample of 491 adults in Greece and Cyprus. Cross-cultural adaptation of the extended aVHS involved translation, back-translation, and pilot testing. Structural validity was assessed using parallel analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and reliability using Cronbach's α and McDonald's ω. Criterion validity was assessed against focus-group classification using ROC analysis in 68 participants. A one-factor EFA solution appeared the most parsimonious, showing strong loadings for the original and extended aVHS (0.67-0.86 and 0.65-0.87), with similar explained variance (60.31% and 60.06%). The one-factor solution was confirmed by parallel analysis for both scales. Internal consistency was excellent, and slightly higher for the extended than the original aVHS (α = 0.95; ω = 0.95 vs. α = 0.92; ω = 0.93). The five newly added items performed strongly, with item-rest correlations of 0.69-0.85 and loadings of 0.72-0.87. Criterion validity was excellent, with a slightly higher AUC (0.991 vs. 0.981) and numerically higher classification performance for the extended than the original aVHS. The extended aVHS is a psychometrically coherent tool that improves the performance of the original scale among Greek-speaking individuals. This scale may enhance VH surveillance, aiding targeted vaccination communication strategies.

PMID 42506665
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PubMedAnalytical chemistry2026-07-27

DNA-Alkyne-Chain Probes Enable N-Glycosite-Resolved GlycoBarcoding of Cell-Surface Proteins.

Bao Huimin H, Yao Yao Y, Zhang Rui R, Tang Jianpu J et al.

Cell surface glycoproteins are vital mediators of intercellular communication and primary targets for therapeutic intervention. However, the comprehensive profiling of the "surface glycome" on living cells remains hindered by the low abundance of these proteins and the inherent complexity of glycosylation. Here, we present GlycoCSP, a site-specific glycoproteomics strategy that utilizes alkyne-functionalized DNA scaffolds to achieve high-resolution GlycoBarcoding of cell surface proteins. By leveraging the spatial reach of extended DNA chains and a high-density alkyne array, GlycoCSP ensures specific labeling and robust covalent capture of surface glycoproteins. This platform integrates protein-level enrichment with an orthogonal tandem release proteolysis, enabling the precise mapping of N-glycosylation signatures at the site level. Applying GlycoCSP to live cells, we identified 2,016 extracellular N-glycosylation sites across 1,420 proteins, validated by deamidation mass shifts and the canonical N-X-S/T/C motif. Comparative analysis across breast cancer cell lines revealed that site-specific glycosylation occupancy provides a distinct layer of surfaceome heterogeneity that is independent of protein abundance. By providing a mass spectrometry-readable framework for decoding the surface glycode, GlycoCSP enables the unbiased discovery of glycosylation-dependent biomarkers and therapeutic targets previously inaccessible to conventional proteomics.

PMID 42504552
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PubMedClinical case reports2026-07-27

Pharmacological Re-Optimization With Venlafaxine in Two Elderly Patients With Severe Major Depressive Disorder Considered for Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Two-Patient Case Report.

Omori Wataru W, Oga Kenichi K, Masuda Yoshikazu Y, Okada Go G

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) effectively treats severe late-life depression but is often approached with caution in very elderly patients with cardiac or cerebrovascular disease. Venlafaxine, a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor with dose-dependent transporter engagement, may be useful for anxious depression with psychomotor disturbance, yet data are limited. We describe two elderly inpatients with severe major depressive disorder for whom ECT was planned. Case 1 was a man in his late 70s with complete atrioventricular block and a permanent pacemaker who relapsed despite long-term duloxetine-based outpatient therapy. Case 2 was a woman in her late 80s with prior clipping of an unruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysm whose symptoms worsened despite outpatient mirtazapine and risperidone with the addition of duloxetine. In both cases, duloxetine was cross-tapered to venlafaxine extended-release while mirtazapine was continued, and venlafaxine ER was titrated to 150 mg/day as a closely monitored, time-limited pharmacological re-optimization step during ECT preparation. Symptoms improved; the 21-item GRID-Hamilton Depression Rating Scale total scores fell into the remission range. Appetite and oral intake improved, and planned ECT was canceled. These cases highlight the potential value of individualized pharmacological re-evaluation, including SNRI switching, even when ECT is being considered.

PMID 42504280
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PubMedVascular pharmacology2026-07-27

Magnetically responsive PLGA-magnetite nanoparticles for in vitro stent targeting and delivery of therapeutic agents.

Kitching Michael M, Kozlowska Dorota D, Bashmail Roa R, Di Luca Mariana M et al.

Coronary artery disease presents as an obstruction to coronary blood flow due to the presence of a vascular lesion. Treatment options include percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and the deployment of a vascular stent to keep the artery open. However, in-stent restenosis can still occur because of neointimal hyperplasia driven by the accumulation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)-like cells within the stented vessel segment. Drug-eluting stents (DES) reduce restenosis by locally releasing anti-proliferative agents. Yet, current DES platforms are limited by fixed drug loading at implantation and the inability to replenish the drug at the stent after depletion. Here, we developed a magnetically responsive nanoparticle platform as a proof-of-concept strategy for targeted stent drug reloading. Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) magnetite nanoparticles (PLGA-MNPs) were engineered to encapsulate paclitaxel or the γ-secretase inhibitors, DAPT and Compound E. Nanoparticles were characterised by dynamic light scattering, electron microscopy, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Their ability to bind stainless steel stents, release drugs, and modulate cellular responses was examined in vitro. PLGA-MNPs exhibited a mean hydrodynamic diameter of ~215 nm with low polydispersity and stable suspension properties. Fluorescence imaging demonstrated increased retention of FITC-labelled PLGA-MNPs on stainless steel stents in the presence of a static magnetic field. Paclitaxel-loaded PLGA-MNPs inhibited murine mesenchymal stem cell proliferation, with enhanced efficacy observed under magnetic field exposure. Similarly, γ-secretase inhibitor-loaded PLGA-MNPs attenuated Jagged-1-induced expression of myogenic and Notch-responsive genes in vitro. Drug release from PLGA-MNPs was increased in the presence of a magnetic field over extended incubation periods. Notably, exposure to a static magnetic field alone also influenced gene expression, indicating that magnetic field effects must be considered when interpreting biological outcomes. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the feasibility of magnetically responsive PLGA-MNPs as a stent-targeted drug delivery platform. Further studies under physiological flow conditions and in vivo vascular injury models will be required to establish safety, targeting efficiency, and therapeutic efficacy.

PMID 42503324
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PubMedGels (Basel, Switzerland)2026-07-27

In Vitro Release of Curcumin and Resveratrol from Polymeric Systems: Films and Hydrogel.

Goes Ana Júlia Panserini de AJP, de Queiroz Heloisa Januário Ribeiro HJR, Sidiropoulos Lorena Trezena LT, Vespasiano Ana Lídia Piccolo ALP et al.

Chronic wounds are a persistent clinical and public health challenge due to impaired tissue repair caused by sustained inflammation, oxidative stress, and cellular senescence. Natural polyphenols such as curcumin and resveratrol, alongside mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) secretome, have demonstrated complementary anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and pro-angiogenic properties with potential for wound healing. This study reports two complementary in vitro investigations evaluating the release profiles of curcumin and resveratrol from two polymeric platforms: poly(vinyl alcohol)/sodium alginate/carboxymethylcellulose films (Study 1) and an acrylate copolymer-based hydrogel incorporating MSC secretome (Study 2). UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis confirmed analytical selectivity with no interference from excipients. Resveratrol exhibited progressive and consistent release from the hydrogel. Curcumin compromised polymer matrix integrity and reduced resveratrol release efficiency. Also showed unsatisfactory release in both systems, attributed to its low aqueous solubility. These results support the use of resveratrol-loaded polymeric matrices as promising sustained-release platforms for bioactive wound dressings and highlight the need for nanoencapsulation strategies to improve curcumin bioavailability.

PMID 42505335
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