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nevirapine (nevirapine ER / nevirapine XR / nevirapine, XR)

✓ Approved

Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH · · 小分子

什么是 nevirapine？

nevirapine 是一种小分子，由Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Oral (PO)。

药物档案

商品名nevirapine ER, nevirapine XR, nevirapine, XR
公司Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH
药物类别小分子
给药途径Oral (PO)
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH

作用机制

分子靶点

nevirapine 作用于 1 个分子靶点：

gag-pol, HIV-1 (gag-pol)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

nevirapine 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Infections and infestationsAcquired immunodeficiency syndrome✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedAdvances in therapy2026-09-10

Brixadi for Stimulant Use Disorder: Evolving Pharmacologic Considerations and Clinical Implications.

Sawaya M Farris MF, McNulty Molly E ME, Germain Collin J St CJS, Hachem Ibraheem A IA et al.

Substance use disorders are an increasing concern globally, causing a tremendous uptick in public health burden in recent years. Despite the growing attention these disorders receive, there remain no approved pharmacotherapies for stimulant use disorder, thereby contributing a major portion of this burden. This review examines the potential use of Brixadi, an extended-release injectable formulation of the widely used pharmacotherapy buprenorphine, indicated for opioid use disorder, in the treatment of stimulant use disorder. Psychostimulants, including cocaine, methamphetamine, and designer stimulants, all exert their effects by inhibiting or reversing the directionality of the monoamine transporters in the synaptic cleft. Inhibition or reversal of these transporters in the synaptic cleft allows dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine to remain in the synapse, which ultimately enhances their activity and contributes to the reinforcement of substance use. The reinforcement loop driven by excess neurotransmitters, particularly dopamine, provides a pharmacotherapeutic target via receptor interactions. Brixadi is an injectable extended-release buprenorphine primarily used to treat opioid use disorder. The extended-release mechanism enables sustained drug-receptor interaction, resulting in stable plasma drug concentrations. Buprenorphine is as a dual-acting agent, a partial μ-opioid receptor (MOR) agonist and a κ-opioid receptor (KOR) antagonist. KOR antagonism modulates symptoms of withdrawal in OUD, including dysphoria, stress, and drug cravings. Therefore, Brixadi's KOR antagonism may offer a promising pharmacologic target for stimulant use disorder recovery by mitigating these negative affective states. Additionally, the bimodal mechanism suggests that Brixadi may be a beneficial pharmacologic candidate for people who suffer from polysubstance use involving opioids and psychostimulants. While there is promise behind these developments, current studies are limited to preclinical trials and have not yet advanced toward clinical trials. However, Brixadi's extended-release profile and potential capability to minimize withdrawal-related dysphoria and stress-induced drug seeking present promise for further clinical investigation.

PMID 42720725
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PubMedAAPS PharmSciTech2026-09-10

Correlative Spectroscopic and Structural Imaging for Resin-Embedded Extended-Release Morphine Sulfate Pellets.

Zaker Yeakub Y, Ahmed Snober S, Tian Li L, Yilmaz Huzeyfe H et al.

Correlative spectroscopic and structural imaging provides a powerful approach for characterizing the microstructure of complex pharmaceutical formulations. Laser direct infrared (LDIR) spectroscopy is an emerging, rapid spectroscopic imaging technique that complements traditional approaches by enabling non-destructive chemical and morphological analysis over large sample surfaces within minutes. In this study, the capabilities of LDIR imaging were evaluated alongside Raman mapping, SEM-EDS, laser microscopy, and micro-CT as part of a correlative workflow to characterize the microstructure and chemical composition of pharmaceutical pellets. Resin embedding enabled consistent handling and structural preservation of extended-release pharmaceutical pellets across all imaging modalities. Two commercially available morphine sulfate ER pellets (ER-1 and ER-2) with different excipient compositions were used as model systems. Laser microscopy revealed distinct differences in surface topography, while micro-CT performed before milling confirmed inherent structural features. ER-1 displayed a smooth, intact core, whereas ER-2 exhibited internal cracks and cavities. Hyperspectral LDIR imaging successfully identified major components in both formulations (hit-quality index, HQI ≥ 0.83) with strong concordance to Raman mapping (HQI ≥ 0.85). The spatial distribution of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) revealed a layered structure in ER-1 and a homogeneous core in ER-2. This correlative workflow, combining resin embedding with multiple imaging modalities, underscores the value of LDIR and complementary techniques for comprehensive physicochemical characterization of complex drug products. These findings highlight the utility of correlative imaging for regulatory assessment and quality control of complex extended-release formulations.

PMID 42717169
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PubMedAdvanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)2026-09-10

Dual-State Programmable Oxide Transistor for Time-Based Cryptography.

Noh Huisu H, Lee Min Gu MG, Kim Hwayoung H, Ko Myeongchan M et al.

As conventional digital computing becomes increasingly constrained by scalability and energy-efficiency limits, computing based on intrinsic physical dynamics of devices has emerged as a promising alternative. In this context, three-terminal devices have attracted attention because their additional terminal offers greater flexibility for implementing higher-order dynamics than two-terminal devices. Here, we present a dual-state programmable oxide transistor (DUPOT) that exhibits a previously unreported form of high-dimensional dynamical behavior with both the threshold voltage (Vth) and the saturation current (Isat) independently tunable. Additionally, the programmed Vth state exhibits long-term memory (LTM) characteristics, whereas the Isat state shows short-term memory (STM) behavior, enabling more complex computing functionalities. We elucidate its operating mechanisms and demonstrate robustness, and further showcase its use in time-based cryptography, which fully exploits its rich dynamical behavior. Our array-level demonstration supports diverse forms of time-based cryptography, including time-release encryption and time-bound encryption, and can be extended to cloud cryptographic systems, marking a new milestone in the study of computing devices with higher-order dynamics.

PMID 42717706
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PubMedFrontiers in pharmacology2026-09-10

Spatial inequalities and contextual correlates of methylphenidate dispensing in Jiangsu Province, China.

Sun Yao Y, Lu Miao M, Zhang Yong Y, Xu Jin J et al.

Understanding geographic inequalities in psychotropic medication dispensing is important for improving health equity and informing place-based pharmaceutical management. This study characterized the spatiotemporal distribution of methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablet dispensing in Jiangsu Province, China, from 2019 to 2023 and examined its socioeconomic and education-related correlates. Annual county-level dispensed tablet volumes were analyzed using Getis-Ord Gi* hot-spot analysis, standard deviational ellipses, and weighted-centroid analysis. Prefecture-level contextual correlates were examined using annual Lasso models interpreted with SHAP. The proportion of county-level units with zero recorded dispensing decreased from approximately 52%-36%, while the proportion with annual volumes exceeding 20,000 tablets increased from 7% to 20%. Southern Jiangsu consistently exhibited higher dispensing volumes than Northern Jiangsu, with Central Jiangsu generally occupying an intermediate position. Getis-Ord Gi* identified localized high-value concentrations mainly in Southern and parts of Central Jiangsu. The standard deviational ellipse area increased by 23.1%, while the weighted centroid remained in south-central Jiangsu. Within the annual Lasso models, predictive importance was allocated mainly to economic-demographic indicators in 2019-2020 and more strongly to education-related indicators in 2021-2023. The findings support geographically differentiated monitoring of medication access, dispensing patterns, and prescribing quality.

PMID 42718491
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PubMedFrontiers in epidemiology2026-09-10

Association between infant post-natal prophylaxis regimens and pretreatment HIV drug resistance in infected infants.

Inzaule Seth C SC, Kingwara Leonard L, Akanmu Alani Sulaimon AS, Hamers Raph L RL et al.

Antiretroviral drugs for preventing mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) can lead to NRTI resistance in infants who contract HIV despite prophylaxis. We aimed to assess how different post-natal prophylaxis (PNP) strategies; nevirapine (NVP) alone vs zidovudine (ZDV) alone vs dual NVP + ZDV influenced NRTI resistance prevalence. We analyzed data from nationally representative HIV drug resistance surveys conducted in Kenya where the standard practice was the use of dual NVP + ZDV and Nigeria where the standard practice was the use of NVP PNP. HIV drug resistance was determined using population-based sequencing, and mutations interpreted using the Stanford HIVdb algorithm. Analyses were weighted for multistage sampling and genotyping success rates. Among 557 HIV-infected infants aged <18 months with data on resistance and type of PNP, 29.3% received dual NVP + ZDV PNP, 24.6% received NVP alone, 2.3% received ZDV alone, and 43.8% received no PNP. The prevalence of NRTI resistance was 19.4% (95%CI 15.2-24.3) in Nigeria and 9.6% (95%CI 6.6-13.8) in Kenya (p < 0.001). Resistance to abacavir, lamivudine, zidovudine and tenofovir were 2- to 4.5-fold higher in Nigerian HIV infected infants exposed to NVP PNP compared to Kenyan infants exposed to NVP + ZDV. The proportion of infants with NNRTI resistance was 49% (95%CI 43.5-54.5) and 43.8% (95%CI 38.0-49.7), in Nigeria and Kenya respectively (p = 0.204). These findings suggest an association between type of PNP and the development of NRTI resistance in HIV-infected infants. Dual-drug prophylaxis was associated with a low prevalence of NRTI resistance compared to single-drug PNP. Our findings highlight the need for further research on combination prophylactic strategies in minimizing the emergence of drug resistance in this population.

PMID 42719148
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PubMedAnnals of thoracic surgery short reports2026-09-10

Preoperative Jugulofemoral Shunting in Complex Extended Thymectomy-Anesthetic Optimization for Invasive Thymoma.

To Tiffany T, Chum Hoi Leong HL, Li Ki Kwong KK, Chan Ho Yan Howard HYH et al.

Malignant thymomas infiltrate adjacent blood vessels and mediastinal structures, posing challenges to surgical treatment. A 50-year-old man, who was diagnosed with type AB thymoma (Masaoka stage IVa) adhering to both superior vena cava (SVC) and bilateral innominate veins, underwent an extended total thymectomy with vascular reconstruction through a median sternotomy. Given the invasive nature of the large thymoma, which required SVC clamping and repair, a jugulofemoral shunt was introduced to improve hemostasis and minimize the risk of cerebral venous hypertension intraoperatively. This case highlights the successful application of preoperative venovenous shunting, emphasizing its role in preventing complications associated with SVC clamping.

PMID 42719624
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