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immune globulin intravenous (Iveegam, Immuno / Iveegam EN)

✓ Approved

Baxter International, Inc. · 多克隆抗体 · 多克隆抗体

什么是 immune globulin intravenous？

immune globulin intravenous 是一种多克隆抗体，由Baxter International, Inc.研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Injectable (Others)、Intravenous (IV)。

药物档案

商品名Iveegam, Immuno, Iveegam EN
公司Baxter International, Inc.
药物类别多克隆抗体, 抗体
给药途径Injectable (Others), Intravenous (IV)
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Baxter International, Inc.

治疗适应症

immune globulin intravenous 针对 5 个适应症，涉及 3 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Immune system disordersSelective IgG subclass deficiency✓ Approved
Infections and infestationsBorna virus infection✓ Approved
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disordersDermatomyositisPreclinical
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disordersPolymyositisPreclinical
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disordersJuvenile idiopathic arthritisPreclinical

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Sequential antibody induction for immune tolerance in clinical organ transplantation: a feasibility review of immunosuppressant withdrawal protocols.

Li Yachao Y, Chen Fuxia F, He Xia X, Yan Lian L et al.

Long-term immunosuppressant use after solid organ transplantation causes serious complications, including chronic rejection, infection, malignancy, and metabolic disorders, which has motivated the clinical pursuit of immune tolerance induction. Sequential antibody induction protocols - using peri-transplant antibodies (e.g., alemtuzumab, anti-thymocyte globulin, belatacept, anti-CD40 monoclonal antibodies) combined with phased reduction or withdrawal of maintenance drugs - aim to establish "operational tolerance" or complete tolerance. This review systematically examines the immunological rationale and major clinical strategies (T-cell depletion, costimulation blockade, mixed chimerism, and regulatory cell therapy). Based on efficacy, safety, and feasibility, we propose four novel sequential regimens with explicit evidence levels. Our multidimensional feasibility assessment - covering cost, complexity, risk-benefit, patient selection, and regulatory barriers - indicates that costimulation-blockade protocols currently offer the best balance for near-term clinical use, whereas chimerism approaches are the most effective but remain restricted to specialised centres. Future work should integrate precise immune stratification, advanced antibody engineering, and cell-based therapies to facilitate individualized sequential protocols, ultimately moving the field from lifelong immunosuppression to controlled immune tolerance.

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Case Report: Balancing immunosuppression and infection-intravenous immunoglobulin in anti-HMGCR immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy complicated by severe pneumonia.

Fu Jing J, Zhao Qiong Q, Lou Jing-Bo JB, Tang Gui-Hua GH et al.

A 65-year-old male with a 3-year history of atorvastatin use presented with progressive proximal muscle weakness, dysphagia, and markedly elevated creatine kinase (2,277 U/L). Initially misdiagnosed with polymyositis, he deteriorated with severe pneumonia, septicemia, and type I respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. Interleukin-6 rose from 12.83 to 610.9 pg/mL during sepsis. After confirmation of anti-HMGCR antibody positivity (18 arbitrary units [AU], cutoff >10 AU) via line blot assay, we discontinued methotrexate, maintained methylprednisolone at 40 mg, and initiated intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) 0.4 g/kg/day for 5 days with broad-spectrum antibiotics. Within two weeks, proximal muscle strength (MRC scale) improved from 2/5 to 4/5, IL-6 normalized to 8.56 pg/mL, and respiratory failure resolved. This case suggests that IVIG may serve as a safe immunomodulatory bridge in critically ill IMNM patients with severe infections.

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Ironing out the details: a comprehensive review of iron therapy in heart failure.

Chotalia Ravi R, Bakhit Yasir Y, Chotalia Minesh M, Sze Shirley S

Iron deficiency (ID) is common in patients with heart failure (HF) and is independently associated with poor outcomes, such as reduced functional capacity and quality of life, increased frailty and increased risk of HF hospitalisations and mortality. Intravenous iron has been shown to be an effective and well-tolerated therapy in patients with HF with reduced and mildly reduced ejection fraction and ID, improving quality of life and functional status and reducing the risk of HF hospitalisations. This review aims to summarise the evidence behind intravenous iron therapy in HF from recent key randomised-controlled trials. This review will also discuss the evidence for intravenous iron therapy in patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction. Ultimately, we also aim to review remaining uncertainties, such as sex-specific differences in outcomes, the optimal iron repletion and maintenance strategies, and the most accurate measures of ID in HF.

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Huang Xiuqing X, Zhang Qile Q, Huang Li L, Xu Jian J

Glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis is an uncommon immune-mediated neurological disorder with heterogeneous neuropsychiatric manifestations. Diagnosis is particularly challenging in older adults when symptoms of recent traumatic brain injury (TBI) overlap with structural or metabolic conditions. We report a 79-year-old man who developed recurrent headache, progressive confusion, abnormal behavior, poor oral intake, intermittent myoclonic jerks, and low-grade fever after TBI complicated by chronic subdural hematoma. Initial laboratory testing revealed hyponatremia, and the working diagnosis was post-traumatic brain syndrome with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Although serum sodium was corrected and nocturnal agitation partially improved, persistent daytime confusion, cognitive impairment, behavioral abnormalities, and low-grade fever prompted further investigation. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed mild inflammatory changes with pleocytosis and elevated protein. CSF metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and paraneoplastic antibody testing were negative, whereas the autoimmune encephalitis panel was positive for GAD65 antibody at a titer of 1:32. Whole-body positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) did not reveal malignancy. The diagnosis was therefore revised to GAD65 antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis. Because high-dose corticosteroids were considered unsuitable owing to his history of gastric ulcer and previous gastrointestinal bleeding, he was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) at a total dose of 2 g/kg divided over 3 consecutive days followed by oral azathioprine 50 mg daily. His fever resolved within 1 week, and his mental status and responsiveness gradually improved. At 6-month follow-up, he had achieved near-baseline mental status, was able to walk with a cane, and was almost fully independent in daily activities, without relapse or serious treatment-related adverse events. This case highlights the diagnostic difficulty of recognizing autoimmune encephalitis after TBI. The clinical overlap between post- traumatic syndrome and immune-mediated brain injury often delays diagnosis, emphasizing the value of targeted CSF autoantibody testing in atypical cases. Traumatic brain injury may obscure the onset of GAD65-associated autoimmune encephalitis. Early recognition and a corticosteroid-sparing immunotherapy strategy (IVIG and azathioprine) can yield favorable outcomes in elderly patients with medical comorbidities.

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Cell membranes undergo biophysical remodeling as an adaptation to the surroundings and to perform specific biological functions. However, the extent and relevance of such changes in human immune cells remain unknown, largely because of the lack of single-cell and multidimensional methodologies. Here we apply a cytometry-based method to fill this gap by combining biophysical profiling with simultaneous analysis of immune cell markers. This platform reveals notable cell-type-dependent plasma membrane order heterogeneity in immune cells. By sorting immune cells according to their membrane order and performing transcriptome and spatial surface proteome analyses together with functional tests, we show that plasma membrane order can be used to identify subsets of immune cells with distinct phenotypes and functional behaviors. Our findings demonstrate a broad heterogeneity of plasma membrane order in immune cells that will provide a more precise definition of immune cell states on the basis of their biophysical properties in health and disease.

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