paracetamol (Kid Relief / Tachipirina)

Prenatal exposure to paracetamol and the risk of autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: An umbrella review and meta-meta-analysis.

Phytochemical Profiling and Safety Assessment of Maerua crassifolia Forssk. Aerial Parts Infusion With Pharmacological Validation of Its Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities.

Benazzi Leila L, Ouafi Saida S, Semaoui Redouane R, Baali Faiza F et al.

Maerua crassifolia Forssk. is used in Algerian traditional medicine to relieve pain and manage inflammation. This study aimed to explore the composition, safety, in vitro antioxidant activity and in vivo analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effects of the infusion of M. crassifolia aerial parts. The infusion yielded 11.93 ± 1.08% (w/w) and exhibited high total phenolic (620.51 ± 2.54 mg GAE/100 g dry weight (d.w.)) and flavonoid (87.11 ± 0.76 mg QE/100 g d.w.) contents. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-PDA-MS/MS) identified 19 phenolic compounds. The infusion showed strong antioxidant activity in the four assays tested. Acute oral toxicity testing showed a favorable safety profile (LD50 > 5000 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)). The results showed that the infusion exerted dose-dependent analgesic activity, with the highest inhibition of abdominal writhing (74.02 ± 2.17%) and paw-licking time (up to 77.78%) observed at 1000 mg/kg b.w., comparable to paracetamol, the standard analgesic drug. In the anti-inflammatory test, the infusion produced dose-dependent activity, with 44.42% ± 2.30% and 56.22% ± 1.52% inhibition at 500 and 1000 mg/kg b.w., respectively, comparable to the standard anti-inflammatory drug sodium diclofenac. These findings position M. crassifolia as a promising candidate for the management of pain and inflammation.

Author´s reply to comment on: Prenatal exposure to paracetamol and risk of autism spectrum disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

Oliveira Juliana Almeida JA, Lemos Maria Julia MJ, Queiroz Laura Fonseca LF, Sciorilli João Vitor JV et al.

Activated Carbon Production from Coffee Waste Employing Soil, Mining Waste, and Hematite as Activating Agents.

Chagas Pricila M B PMB, Caetano Aline A AA, Penido Evanise S ES, Santana Mozarte S MS et al.

Coffee bean cake (CC) is the waste generated after the extraction of syrup from coffee beans. In this study, CC was used as a precursor to prepare activated carbons (AC) using novel Fe-rich activating agents. Initially, the biomass (CC) was pyrolyzed at 450 °C for 90 min to obtain biochar (pyrolyzed coffee cakePCC). Then, PCC was subjected to activation using three different iron-rich materials: commercial hematite (AC_Fe2O3), mining waste (AC_waste), and a soil sample (AC_soil). The materials were characterized and used to adsorb paracetamol (acetaminophen). The activated carbons AC_Fe2O3, AC_soil, and AC_waste showed specific surface areas of 614, 578, and 458 m2 g-1, respectively, which were nearly 22 times higher when compared with their precursor CC (21 m2 g-1). In the adsorption experiments of paracetamol, equilibrium was reached in approximately 180 min of reaction with high removal by the prepared activated carbons (AC_Fe2O3 = 82.5%, AC_soil = 67.1%, and AC_waste = 51.4%) when compared with CC and PCC (4.2% and 3.7%, respectively). The kinetic and adsorption isotherm models suggest that the adsorption of paracetamol by AC_Fe2O3 may be described by a process predominantly associated with chemisorption, while AC_soil and AC_waste show a better fit to the Freundlich model, which may indicate the occurrence of a multilayer removal mechanism.