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amoxicillin (Moxacin / amoxicillin, CSL)

✓ Approved

CSL Limited · 小分子 · 小分子

什么是 amoxicillin？

amoxicillin 是一种小分子，由CSL Limited研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Oral (PO)。

药物档案

商品名Moxacin, amoxicillin, CSL
公司CSL Limited
药物类别小分子
给药途径Oral (PO)
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, CSL Limited

治疗适应症

amoxicillin 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Infections and infestationsSalmonellosis✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedCureus2026-09-10

Real-Life Application of the Penicillin Allergy Decision Rule (PEN-FAST) Score in De-Labeling Penicillin Allergy: A Case Series.

Begum Fahmida F, Dhlandhlara Takudzwa J TJ, Qazi Nadia N, Ugurlu Aylin A et al.

Penicillin allergies are common but frequently inaccurate, resulting in unnecessary use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and contributing to antibiotic resistance. Tools such as the Penicillin Allergy Decision Rule (PEN-FAST) support the assessment of penicillin allergy risk and can help identify low-risk individuals who may be appropriate candidates for a direct oral penicillin challenge. We report four cases of patients hospitalized with respiratory infections, including infective exacerbation of bronchiectasis, bronchopneumonia, and empyema thoracis, all with documented penicillin allergy labels. In each case, a more detailed review of the allergy history revealed reactions inconsistent with IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions, including isolated diarrhea, leg swelling, and delayed rashes. All patients had a PEN-FAST score of 0, which indicated a low risk of a true penicillin allergy. These patients underwent supervised direct oral challenges with amoxicillin or co-amoxiclav, which revealed no adverse reactions. Following a successful oral challenge, penicillin allergies were de-labeled, and the patients were started on optimal antibiotic treatment. All cases revealed favorable outcomes, such as improvements in inflammatory markers and symptoms.

PMID 42719563
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PubMedFrontiers in veterinary science2026-09-10

Case Report: Distal tibial physeal fracture secondary to septic physitis and osteomyelitis in a Boxer puppy.

Sidhu Nisha N, Cao Jennifer W JW, Frederick Steven W SW, Chambers Aidan A

Salter-Harris fracture secondary to septic physitis has been reported in foals but not puppies. In this case, a 19-week-old, 13.4 kg male intact Boxer puppy was presented with a 2-day history of acute non-weight-bearing lameness of the left pelvic limb, accompanied by distal limb swelling and lethargy. Orthogonal tibial radiographs were performed, and irregular widening of the distal tibial physis with severe edema of the surrounding soft tissues consistent with septic physitis were identified. Fifteen hours later, distal tibial radiographs were repeated, and a Salter-Harris type I fracture of the distal tibial physis, presumed to be pathologic in origin, was diagnosed. Surgical exploration revealed a subperiosteal abscess, which was drained and cultured. The physeal fracture was stabilized with cross-pin fixation, which was reinforced with a splint and bandage for the duration of recovery. Pasteurella spp. was isolated, and amoxicillin-clavulanate was prescribed for 72 days. Resolution of swelling, radiographic fracture healing, and return to normal limb function were achieved after 14 weeks postoperative, at which time the pins were removed and submitted for aerobic and anaerobic culture and susceptibility. No bacterial isolates were identified. This is the first documented case of an appendicular physeal fracture secondary to suspected septic physitis in a dog, and septic physitis should be considered a differential for puppies with spontaneous Salter-Harris fracture.

PMID 42718565
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PubMedMicrobiology (Reading, England)2026-09-09

Detection of opportunistic bacterial pathogens with intrinsic amoxicillin- and cephalosporin-resistance in wild koala faecal microbiomes.

McDougall Fiona K FK, Paranagama Kalani K, Boardman Wayne S J WSJ, Wyres Kelly K et al.

Opportunistic bacterial pathogens frequently associated with human clinical infections, including antimicrobial-resistant strains, are infiltrating the microbiomes of wild animals, where they have the potential to negatively impact wildlife health. Bacterial genes conferring resistance to amoxicillin have previously been reported in koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) faecal DNA. Koalas are facing several key threats, including wildfires, and affected individuals may receive amoxicillin therapy to treat burn wounds. This study aimed to identify the species of amoxicillin-resistant bacteria in koala gut microbiomes and determine if they are opportunistic pathogens. Faecal samples collected from 98 wild-caught koalas were cultured using amoxicillin-supplemented media to isolate amoxicillin-resistant Gram-negative enteric bacteria. Isolates were screened using 16S rRNA PCR and Sanger sequencing to identify opportunistic pathogenic species, which then underwent whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Intrinsically amoxicillin-resistant opportunistic pathogens were obtained from 9.2% (9/98) of koala faecal samples and comprised Klebsiella oxytoca (6/98, 6.1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (1/98, 1.0%) and Citrobacter spp. (2/98, 2.0%). Seven of nine amoxicillin-resistant opportunistic pathogens also exhibited cephalosporin resistance. Four K. oxytoca isolates belonged to lineages associated with human clinical infections, which also have the potential to cause disease in koalas, including fatal systemic infections in pouch young. The presence of amoxicillin- and cephalosporin-resistant strains may also increase the risk of gut dysbiosis and opportunistic infections when penicillins or cephalosporins are required to treat bacterial infections in koalas, highlighting the importance of good antimicrobial stewardship. The study findings demonstrate the One Health perspective of microbial pathogens and the intertwined microbial ecology between humans and wildlife.

PMID 42714937
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PubMedJournal of the American Veterinary Medical Association2026-09-09

Cefovecin selects for higher-level and more persistent antimicrobial resistance among gastrointestinal Escherichia coli in some cats compared to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in an observational longitudinal study.

Cazer Casey L CL, Siler Julie J, Frye Amelia A, Reboul Guillaume C GC et al.

This observational study compared the development and persistence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in feline microbiota following treatment with cefovecin or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Cats treated with cefovecin or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, at the attending veterinarian's discretion, were recruited from multiple sources between December 2022 and May 2024. Fecal samples were collected on the first day of treatment and 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 12 weeks afterward. Samples were cultured for Escherichia coli, Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion was performed, and isolates with decreased cefovecin susceptibility were enumerated. Samples were tested for AMR genes with a targeted deep amplicon sequencing panel. The proportions of nonsusceptible isolates were compared across time and treatments. 9 cats treated with cefovecin and 10 cats treated with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid were included. Both groups developed ampicillin-resistant E coli, which persisted longer in the cefovecin group. There were significantly greater odds of recovering E coli not susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (OR, 72; 95% CI, 5.4 to 980), ceftriaxone (OR, 930; 95% CI, 81 to 11,000), and cefoxitin (OR, 46, 95% CI, 1.7 to 1,200) in the cefovecin group, driven by 1 cefovecin-treated cat shedding resistant E coli for weeks 1 through 4. A minority of cats may shed E coli resistant to β-lactams following cefovecin treatment, and the risk of AMR is likely lower after amoxicillin-clavulanic acid treatment. Since cats are commonly treated with cefovecin, some treated cats shedding high-level β-lactam-resistant E coli may pose a threat to feline and human health. Using amoxicillin-clavulanic acid instead may minimize resistance.

PMID 42716104
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PubMedOxford medical case reports2026-09-09

Co-amoxicillin-induced reactivation of auto-brewery syndrome in a patient treated for community acquired pneumonia: a clinical case report.

Widmer Philipp P, Miesch Flavia A FA, Scotti Barbara B, Erni Gian G et al.

Auto-Brewery Syndrome (ABS) is a rare metabolic condition characterized by endogenous ethanol production through fermentation of ingested carbohydrates by intestinal microorganisms. Clinical manifestations resemble alcohol intoxication, including ataxia, dysarthria, gastrointestinal symptoms, and altered mental status, despite the absence of alcohol intake. We report a case of a patient in his mid-40s who developed ABS reactivation following treatment with Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid for community-acquired pneumonia. The patient was successfully managed with targeted antimicrobial therapy, dietary carbohydrate restriction, and probiotic supplementation, resulting in clinical improvement. This case highlights a rare instance of antibiotic-associated ABS relapse and underscores the diagnostic challenge of this unrecognized microbial condition.

PMID 42713342
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PubMedJournal of the American Veterinary Medical Association2026-09-09

Sepsis and elevated creatinine predict poor outcomes in uncomplicated canine pyometra, and empirically prescribed antibiotics do not match bacterial susceptibility or improve survival.

Jones Anna E AE, Rishniw Mark M, Raux Isabella L IL, Rosselli Desiree D et al.

To identify variables associated with prolonged hospitalization or nonsurvival in the surgical management of pyometra in dogs and to report uterine bacterial susceptibility in comparison with empirically prescribed antibiotics. Retrospective study of dogs that underwent ovariohysterectomy for management of pyometra at 8 tertiary referral centers between December 1, 2008, and December 31, 2023. Data collected included signalment, preoperative/operative data, antibiotic utilization, and clinical follow-up. 625 dogs met inclusion criteria. Forty dogs (6.4%) experienced major short-term complications, and 604 dogs (96.6%) survived to discharge. Elevated preoperative creatinine concentration and sepsis increased the risk of nonsurvival. Survival to discharge did not differ between nonseptic dogs that received pre- or intraoperative antibiotics and those that did not. Sepsis, elevated creatinine, and interaction between elevated creatinine and altered mentation increased hospitalization duration. At least 1 inappropriate outpatient antibiotic was prescribed in 34.4% (116 of 337) of cases; most dogs that received inappropriate antibiotics were empirically prescribed amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (102 of 116 [87.9%]). Surgical management of pyometra in the tertiary referral setting had a good prognosis regardless of prescribed antibiotic bacterial susceptibility. Elevated creatinine and/or sepsis increased risk of mortality and prolonged hospitalization. The use of pre- and intraoperative antibiotics in nonseptic dogs was not associated with outcome. There was no clear clinical benefit of antibiotic use in the surgical management of pyometra in nonseptic dogs. If empiric antibiotics are indicated, the bacterial susceptibility profile of this patient population suggests a high likelihood of resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid.

PMID 42716105
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