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hepatitis-A/typhoid vaccine (Hepatyrix)

✓ Approved

GSK · 疫苗 · 疫苗

什么是 hepatitis-A/typhoid vaccine？

hepatitis-A/typhoid vaccine 是一种疫苗，由GSK研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Injectable (Others)、Intramuscular (IM) Injection。

药物档案

商品名Hepatyrix
公司GSK
药物类别疫苗
给药途径Injectable (Others), Intramuscular (IM) Injection
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, GSK

治疗适应症

hepatitis-A/typhoid vaccine 针对 2 个适应症，涉及 2 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Infections and infestationsTyphoid fever✓ Approved
Surgical and medical proceduresAntiviral prophylaxis✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedBMC infectious diseases2026-10-26

Azithromycin versus ceftriaxone for uncomplicated typhoid fever in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Manzoor Muhammad Umair MU, Anwar Aqsa A, Owais Muhammad M, Umar Syed S et al.

Typhoid fever caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi remains a major cause of febrile illness among children in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in South and Southeast Asia. The increasing emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains has substantially limited available treatment options and highlighted the need for effective oral therapies. Azithromycin and ceftriaxone are commonly used for uncomplicated typhoid fever in children; however, evidence comparing their efficacy and safety remains limited. To compare the efficacy and safety of azithromycin versus ceftriaxone for the treatment of uncomplicated typhoid fever in children through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, Google Scholar, and WHO ICTRP from inception to April 2026 in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Randomized controlled trials comparing azithromycin with ceftriaxone in children under 18 years of age with uncomplicated typhoid fever were included. The primary outcome was the clinical cure rate. Secondary outcomes included fever clearance time, microbiological cure, relapse, and adverse events. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool were performed independently by two reviewers. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic. Six randomized controlled trials involving 492 children (azithromycin = 244; ceftriaxone = 248) were included. All studies were open-label trials conducted in Egypt, India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Overall risk of bias was judged to be of some concern, mainly due to the open-label study design. Meta-analysis showed no significant difference between azithromycin and ceftriaxone in clinical cure rate (RR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.93-1.03; P = 0.43) or fever clearance time. Similarly, microbiological cure and adverse event profiles were similar across groups but could not be formally pooled due to heterogeneous reporting. However, azithromycin was associated with fewer relapses than ceftriaxone, though this finding should be interpreted with caution given the low certainty of the evidence. The certainty of evidence was very low for fever clearance and low for the relapse rate. Heterogeneity varied across outcomes, with the highest for fever clearance time. Azithromycin appears to have comparable efficacy and safety to ceftriaxone for the treatment of uncomplicated typhoid fever in children, with a trend toward fewer relapses that warrants cautious interpretation. Its oral administration may provide a practical alternative to parenteral ceftriaxone in endemic settings. Further large-scale randomized trials with standardized outcome reporting are needed to strengthen the current evidence base. Not applicable. PROSPERO Protocol Number: CRD420261383999. LINK: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420261383999 .

PMID 42928111
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PubMedEpidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-26

Associations of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Handgrip Strength with Clinical Characteristics in Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis from Western Mexico.

Salazar-Gutiérrez Daniel Alejandro DA, Muñoz-Valle José Francisco JF, González-Rodríguez Francisco F, Cerpa-Cruz Sergio S et al.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects synovial joints and leads to functional impairment. Modifiable factors such as physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and handgrip strength (HGS) may influence clinical and functional outcomes; however, these relationships have been insufficiently studied in Mexican women with RA. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the associations of PA, SB, and HGS, with clinical characteristics in women with RA from western Mexico. PA and SB were assessed using the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-S). Disability was evaluated using the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI), HGS was measured by dynamometry, and disease activity was assessed using the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints based on C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP). Inflammatory and serological markers (CRP, RF, anti-CCP, and ESR) were determined using standard analytical methods. The study included 58 women with RA, with a mean DAS28-CRP score of 3.25 ± 1.16. PA was inversely associated with CRP levels (β = -0.312, p = 0.023), with higher CRP concentrations observed among patients with low PA levels. SB was positively associated with HAQ-DI scores (β = 0.345, p = 0.008) and DAS28-CRP scores (β = 0.420, p = 0.001). HGS was inversely associated with DAS28-CRP (β = -0.323, p = 0.04) and HAQ-DI (β = -0.521, p = 0.0004), independent of age and body mass index. In conclusion, lower PA levels were associated with higher CRP concentrations, whereas lower HGS and greater SB were associated with greater disease activity and disability in women with RA.

PMID 42930327
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PubMedJournal of biological engineering2026-10-26

A stealth-body Fc engineering platform enables complete effector silencing in antibody and ADC therapeutics.

Kim Suyeon S, Jo Migyeong M, Kyung Munsu M, Ko Woo Hyung WH et al.

The development of next-generation antibody therapeutics requires Fc scaffolds that suppress unwanted effector functions while preserving core developability attributes. Existing effector-attenuated Fc backbones, however, retain residual interactions with Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) and C1q, highlighting a persistent design limitation in achieving complete effector silencing without compromising glycosylation, FcRn-mediated persistence, and manufacturability. This is particularly relevant for formats in which Fc effector function is undesirable, including immune-engaging antibodies, CD47 blockers, and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Accordingly, a robust Fc engineering framework enabling complete and transferable effector silencing across antibody modalities is required. We developed Stealth-Body (SB) Fc variants, a fully effector-silenced Fc platform that abolishes Fc-mediated immune engagement while maintaining native-like glycosylation, pharmacokinetics, and manufacturability. Using a CHO cell display system with directed evolution guided by cross-species sequence features from goat IgG, we identified human glycosylated IgG1 variants (SB1, SB5, SB6) that abrogated binding to all human FcγRs and C1q, and to all murine and cynomolgus FcγRs. SB Fc retained pH-dependent FcRn binding, antigen recognition, thermostability, and expression, with in vivo persistence comparable to wild-type IgG1. Incorporation of SB Fc into trastuzumab, rituximab, and ADCs abolished ADCC, ADCP, and CDC, while integration into a CD47-targeting IgG-CD40L fusion protein mitigated hematologic toxicity without impairing immune activation. Collectively, SB Fc variants represent a generalizable, effector-null Fc scaffold that enables complete and transferable silencing of Fc-mediated immune functions while preserving key developability attributes. This platform expands the therapeutic window of antibody therapeutics through precise control of Fc activity across diverse modalities.

PMID 42928316
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PubMedActas espanolas de psiquiatria2026-10-26

Vulnerability and Protective Factors Associated With Suicidal Behaviour in Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Observational Network Analysis Study.

Cádiz-Rodríguez Julián J, Carrasco Miguel Ángel MÁ, Holgado-Tello Francisco Pablo FP, Medolla Martina M

Suicidal behaviour (SB) in adolescents constitutes a major public health priority. Contemporary theoretical models, such as the Integrated Motivational-Volitional Model, emphasise the role of defeat and entrapment in the emergence of suicidal ideation. However, most studies have examined vulnerability and protective factors in isolation. The present study uses psychometric network analysis to examine how defeat, entrapment, emotion regulation, bullying and cyberbullying victimisation (CBV), resilience, reasons for living (RFL), and SB are structurally related among adolescents. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using non-probabilistic convenience sampling. The final sample comprised 1145 adolescents and young people aged 12-21 years (mean [M] = 15.46; standard deviation [SD] = 2.16), recruited from public, state-subsidised private, private, and other collaborating settings across Madrid, Salamanca, Granada, Cádiz, Seville, and Toledo. Participants completed measures of resilience, RFL, defeat, internal and external entrapment (EE), bullying and CBV, life satisfaction, cognitive emotion regulation, and SB. After prespecified data-quality screening, residual missing values were handled using multiple imputation. Descriptive, reliability, and correlational analyses were conducted in IBM SPSS Statistics, version 31, and the prespecified Extended Bayesian Information Criterion model selection (EBICglasso) network was estimated in R, version 4.3.1. The network appears to be primarily organised around a motivational core comprising defeat and entrapment. The strongest regularised partial association was observed between internal entrapment (IE) and EE (weight [w] = 0.546), followed by the connections between defeat and both EE (w = 0.304) and IE (w = 0.290). SB was directly associated with defeat (w = 0.142), EE (w = 0.125), and RFL (w = -0.215). Defeat emerged as the node with the highest strength (strength = 1.508), followed by EE (strength = 1.196), resilience (strength = 0.995), and IE (strength = 0.968). Regarding bridge indices, defeat exhibited the highest bridge strength (1.508), followed by resilience (0.995), RFL (0.709), and EE (0.651). The findings suggest that adolescent SB is embedded in a network in which defeat and entrapment show substantial structural relevance, whereas RFL and resilience appear as protective resources. Resilience showed both high strength and bridge strength, indicating connectivity across several construct communities rather than causal or mediational effects. These results support the hypothesis-generating value of network analysis and highlight resilience, adaptive emotion regulation, and RFL as potential targets for preventive research and intervention.

PMID 42928684
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PubMedJournal of animal breeding and genetics = Zeitschrift fur Tierzuchtung und Zuchtungsbiologie2026-10-26

Genetic Parameters and Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Reproductive Traits in Egyptian Buffalo.

Amin Amin M S AMS, El Nagar Ayman G AG, Khalil Maher H MH, Abdel-Shafy Hamdy H et al.

Reproductive efficiency is a crucial factor in the sustainability and profitability of buffalo production systems. However, genetic improvement of reproductive traits is challenging due to low heritability, environmental sensitivity, limited recording, and shrinking reference populations caused by crossbreeding. This study aimed to estimate genetic parameters and detect the genomic architecture of key reproductive traits in Egyptian buffalo using pedigree-based analyses and genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Over a 44-year period (1980-2024), reproductive records from five Egyptian experimental herds were analysed. The dataset comprised 2843 buffalo cows, sired by 140 bulls and out of 1328 dams. In total, 2359 records were available for age at first calving (AFC), 10,478 for gestation length (GL), 7966 for calving interval (CI), 6705 for days open (DO), and 12,909 for calving ease (CE) and stillbirth (SB). For genome-wide association analysis, 275 Egyptian buffaloes were genotyped using the Affymetrix Buffalo 90 K array, and 66,295 high-quality SNPs were retained after quality control. De-regressed proofs derived from pedigree-based genetic evaluations were used as response variables in a mixed linear model implemented in the rMVP package. Genome-wide association analysis identified putative genomic regions associated with GL, CI, CE, and SB, whereas no genome-wide significant associations were detected for AFC and DO. Functional annotation and QTL enrichment analyses were subsequently used to provide exploratory biological context for the identified genomic regions. Heritability estimates were generally low: 0.16 for AFC, 0.06 for GL, 0.02 for CI, 0.02 for DO, 0.18 for CE, and 0.06 for SB. Manhattan plots revealed that 15 genomic regions containing significant SNPs were identified on chromosomes 2, 4, 10, 12, 13, 15, 19, 20, and 25 for the reproductive traits of GL, CI, CE, and SB. These findings provide preliminary evidence of genomic regions potentially contributing to variation in reproductive traits in Egyptian buffalo, although the relatively small number of genotyped animals limits the power to detect and validate small effect loci. Seven significant genomic regions on chromosomes 10, 13, 15, 20, and 25 were associated with the GL trait. Additionally, three suggestive SNPs mapped to chromosomes 2 and 19 were associated with the CE trait, and three suggestive SNPs mapped on chromosome 12 were significantly associated with the SB trait. The results of KEGG enrichment analyses and QTL classification analyses for reproductive traits in Egyptian buffalo suggest that candidate genes within known QTL may be involved in complex biological networks involving immune competence, cellular homeostasis, and systemic physiological resilience. Among the enriched pathways, Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis, protein export, viral myocarditis, and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) were highlighted. Most annotated genomic regions (QTL) were related to reproductive traits (63.4%), followed by 17.3% for milk production traits, 9.95% for general production traits, 3.47% for meat and carcass traits, 3.71% for body conformation and robustness exterior traits, and 2.08% for health traits.

PMID 42929444
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PubMedDiseases (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-26

Tetanus in Serbia, 2015-2025: Epidemiological Overview and Lessons from Two Pediatric Cases.

Kovacevic Gordana G, Stijovic Vesna V, Kovacevic Branko B, Parezanovic Miro M et al.

Tetanus is a vaccine-preventable disease that has become rare in countries with sustained immunization programs. However, unvaccinated children remain at risk of severe disease. We provide an epidemiological overview of tetanus in Serbia and describe two cases of generalized tetanus in children. We retrospectively reviewed tetanus surveillance data and immunization coverage reports in Serbia for 2015-2025. Tetanus cases were recorded under ICD-10 code A35. We analyzed demographics, incidence, outcomes, case-fatality, and tetanus-containing vaccine coverage. Two pediatric cases were reviewed for clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, management, and outcomes. Fourteen tetanus cases were reported during 2015-2025 (annual incidence, 0-0.06 per 100,000 population), including two children. Most cases occurred among women aged >60 years; the overall case-fatality proportion was 42.9%. Primary vaccination coverage ranged from 90.8% to 95.1%, while recommended revaccination coverage remained below the 95% target. Both pediatric patients had received only BCG and hepatitis B vaccination at birth with no subsequent routine immunization due to parental neglect or refusal. The 18-month-old boy presented with fever, otorrhea, and recurrent episodes of generalized stiffening and was initially evaluated for meningoencephalitis. The emergence of trismus, opisthotonus, and neck muscle rigidity led to the diagnosis of tetanus. The 6-year-old boy presented with odynophagia and involuntary tongue biting, followed by progressive trismus and limb spasms. Tetanus was suspected based on the clinical findings and absent immunization. He developed respiratory failure and autonomic instability. Both patients recovered following tetanus immunoglobulin, antimicrobial therapy, and supportive care. Although tetanus remains rare in Serbia and predominantly affects older adults, unvaccinated children remain at risk of severe disease. Atypical presentations may delay diagnosis, emphasizing the importance of early recognition and timely treatment. Maintaining high vaccination coverage and ensuring catch-up immunization remain essential for prevention.

PMID 42930012
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