北京若生智能科技有限公司
Drug Database
MA

mannitol (Aridol / Osmohale)

✓ Approved

Syntara · 小分子 · 小分子

什么是 mannitol？

mannitol 是一种小分子，由Syntara研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Inhaled。

药物档案

商品名Aridol, Osmohale
公司Syntara
药物类别小分子
给药途径Inhaled
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Syntara

治疗适应症

mannitol 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersRespiratory failure✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedPharmaceutics2026-10-27

Stage-Specific Stability of Spray-Freeze-Dried Ovalbumin-Loaded Liposomes: Dissecting the Impact of Atomization, Freezing, and Drying on Cryoprotectant Performance.

Cheng Xi X, Li Mengyuan M, Yan Shen S, Zhang Shengyu S et al.

Objectives: Aqueous liposomal suspensions suffer from inherent physical and chemical instability, motivating the development of solid powder formulations. Spray-freeze-drying is a promising solidification technique; however, systematic investigations that isolate the impact of individual unit operations-atomization, freezing, and drying-on liposomal stability remain scarce. This study aimed to elucidate the stage-specific effects of each unit operation on the critical quality attributes of liposomal powders. Methods: Ovalbumin-loaded liposomes (O@L) prepared from DSPC, HSPC, or DPPC were processed using a self-developed microfluidic jet spray freezing tower coupled to a freeze dryer, with trehalose or mannitol as cryoprotectants. The effects of phospholipid composition, freezing temperature (-30 °C, -50 °C, and -70 °C), and freeze-drying cycle were assessed through the z-average, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency (EE) of the reconstituted liposomes, as well as the morphology, crystallinity, residual moisture, and hygroscopicity of the resulting powders. Results: Atomization induced protein leakage from the trehalose formulations, whereas mannitol better preserved EE. During freezing, trehalose provided superior cryoprotection, as mannitol partially crystallized and failed to uniformly coat the vesicles. After drying, however, vesicles frozen at -70 °C exhibited fusion attributable to non-uniform cryoprotectant distribution; a moderate freezing temperature (-50 °C) combined with a stepwise primary drying program proved optimal. Trehalose-based powders displayed higher residual moisture and irreversible crystallization above ~60% RH, whereas crystalline mannitol ensured low, reversible hygroscopicity. Conclusions: The optimal condition for a single unit operation does not guarantee the best overall outcome; rational spray-freeze-drying process design requires balancing stage-specific effects.

PMID 42942867
阅读全文 →
PubMedSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-27

All-Solid-State Ion-Selective Electrodes with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Based on Glassy Carbon for Biguanide Derivative (Chlorhexidine Digluconate).

Lenik Joanna J, Witkowska Katarzyna K

This paper presents research on the properties of solid contact electrodes with an intermediate layer of multi-walled carbon nanotubes. They were used as an intermediate layer (Solid Contact SC-ISE electrodes) and as a dispersed material in a polymer membrane (Single Piece SP-ISE electrodes). The properties of neutral macrocyclic compounds as active ion-sensitive substances in membranes, in which plasticizers with varying lipophilicity were also used, were compared. The selected optimal sensor shows a theoretical Nernstian response for the divalent chlorhexidine ion (z = 2) of approximately 29 mV decade-1 over the linearity range of 10-6-10-3 mol L-1. A short response time of approx. 10 s, potential stability (the potential drift is several dozen μV min-1 in a 10-4 mol L-1 chlorhexidine solution over 4 h), and high potential reversibility (the standard deviation in a 10-5 mol L-1 solution is 0.69 mV, whereas in a 10-4 mol L-1 solution it is 0.71 mV) are further advantages and benefits of the developed modern electrodes. In general, it can be concluded that the SC-ISE showed better potential reversibility than the SP-ISE, particularly at chlorhexidine concentrations of 10-4 and 10-5 mol L-1, while also exhibiting improved resistance to water-layer formation. High selectivity was also achieved in relation to ionic substances (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, acesulfame ions, and neutral substances used as excipients in chlorhexidine preparations, i.e., d-mannitol, d-sorbitol, sucralose, propylene glycol, xylitol, aspartame). The sensor with satisfactory parameters was used to determine the API content in the pharmaceutical preparation, Eludril, with a recovery of 95.9-98.6% and a relative standard deviation (RSD) ranging from 0.7 to 3.7%.

PMID 42944496
阅读全文 →
PubMedBiotechnology and bioengineering2026-10-27

Morphology-Rheology Coupling Enables Predictive Optimization of Hirsutella sinensis Submerged Fermentation: A Case Study With Cross-Strategy Predictive Modeling.

Wu Shenghao S, Zhan Qiqi Q, Zhang Pengfei P, Huang Lianggang L et al.

Hirsutella sinensis, the anamorph of Ophiocordyceps sinensis, is a valuable medicinal fungus, yet its industrial production is constrained by low fermentation efficiency and poorly controlled mycelial morphology. In this study, morphology engineering strategies based on inoculum volume and microparticle-enhanced cultivation were systematically investigated to improve fermentation performance. Increasing inoculum volume (4%-10%, v/v) promoted a transition from dense (L-type) to loose (S-type) pellets, enhancing internal mass transfer and increasing biomass up to 18.7 g/L (compared to 11.1 g/L at 4% inoculum). Among the tested microparticles, talc exhibited the strongest effect, increasing biomass by 1.45-fold compared to the control without microparticles and significantly enhancing adenosine and mannitol production. Microscopic and elemental analyses revealed that talc modifies pellet architecture via mechanical embedding and structural disruption, leading to increased internal porosity. Quantitative models linking morphology (S%, L%, density H) and rheology (Ln viscosity) to biomass achieved high predictive accuracy (R2 up to 0.92). Notably, a cross-process model demonstrated that morphology descriptors can serve as predictive state variables across different engineering strategies. Scale-up in a 5 L bioreactor further validated the approach, with a semi-continuous process achieving 44.68 g/week productivity (compared to 25.93 g/week for batch fermentation, an 73% increase). This study establishes a morphology-rheology-performance framework for H. sinensis and provides a methodological insight applicable to other filamentous fermentation systems.

PMID 42935010
阅读全文 →
PubMedMicrobiology spectrum2026-10-27

The ESX-2 type VII secretion system is required for Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival under nutrient starvation and for reactivation from dormancy.

Vullo Camilla C, di Luca Mariagrazia M, Rizzato Cosmeri C, Frigui Wafa W et al.

ESX type VII secretion systems of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) export proteins that are essential for bacterial virulence and adaptation to the host. While ESX-1, ESX-3, and ESX-5 have been extensively characterized, the physiological role of ESX-2 and its impact on host-pathogen interactions remain largely unexplored. Experimental evidence suggests that the esx-2 expression is regulated by WhiB5, a transcriptional regulator induced in in vitro nutrient-starvation conditions, and required for Mtb reactivation in the mouse infection model. This study aimed at characterizing the ESX-2 secretion system, with a focus on its role in Mtb adaptation/survival under nutrient-related stress conditions and in virulence. The analysis of the esx-2 gene expression profiles revealed an upregulation of selected esx-2 genes during Mtb cultivation in nutrient-depleted media or upon reactivation from a hypoxia-induced dormancy status. Consistently, the characterization of a panel of Mtb ESX-2 mutant strains (inactivated for selected esx-2 genes encoding ESX-2 components or deleted for the entire esx-2 locus) demonstrated an involvement of ESX-2 in Mtb survival in nutrient starvation and in promoting Mtb growth after reactivation from dormancy. Moreover, the intracellular growth kinetics of ESX-2 mutants in ex vivo models (THP-1 and A549 cells) and their attenuation profiles in the severe combined immunodeficient mice indicated that a functional ESX-2 is required for optimal Mtb replication inside the host. Overall, these findings identify ESX-2 as a modulator of Mtb survival under selected nutrient-starvation-related stress conditions peculiar to intracellular environments, thus contributing to the intracellular and in vivo Mtb growth.IMPORTANCEESX-2 is the second most recently evolved ESX secretion system in mycobacteria, largely conserved in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and other slow-growing pathogenic mycobacteria. Among the ESX secretion systems, ESX-2 is the least extensively characterized, and to date, its function is largely unknown. This study provides novel experimental evidence of the impact of ESX-2 on Mtb physiology and host-pathogen interaction. A functional ESX-2 is required for Mtb survival under hostile conditions, such as nutrient limitation conditions, and is involved in Mtb growth reactivation from a dormant state in vitro. Moreover, the observed role of ESX-2 in promoting Mtb replication in cellular and animal models emphasizes the impact of this secretion system in Mtb adaptation to the human host.

PMID 42937333
阅读全文 →
PubMedJACC. Basic to translational science2026-10-27

Obesity and Diabetes Increase SARS-CoV-2 Susceptibility Through Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2, Immunologic, and Gut Microbial Dysregulation.

Gheblawi Mahmoud M, Khoramjoo Mobin M, Elaish Mohamed M, Wang Kaiming K et al.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is ubiquitously expressed and contributes to cardiovascular, metabolic, and gastrointestinal homeostasis. In this study, we observed ACE2 loss in organs of patients with COVID-19 and in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells. In aged, obese, and diabetic mice, SARS-CoV-2 infection caused greater morbidity, persistent pulmonary infection, intestinal and metabolic disruption, and impaired cardiac Wnt and interferon-γ signaling. ACE2-deficient obese-diabetic mice showed cardiovascular, intestinal, metabolic, and neurobehavioral abnormalities, providing a complementary model to examine ACE2-associated disruption in metabolic disease. Exploratory metabolic profiling identified shared disruptions in taurine, tryptophan, and microbiota-derived metabolites across clinical and preclinical samples. These findings identify metabolic disease as a modifier of SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and support ACE2-associated dysregulation as one contributor to selected infection-related sequelae.

PMID 42937414
阅读全文 →
PubMedGenetics and molecular biology2026-10-27

1α,25-(OH)2-D3 promotes osteoclast-precursor autophagy and osteoclast differentiation by promoting BECN1 transcription.

Li Xi X, Liu Hui H, Zhu Yunrong Y

1α,25-(OH)2-D3 can promote autophagy of osteoclast precursors (OCPs), resulting in its pro-osteoclastogenic effect, which limits its anti-osteoporotic efficacy. To address the above challenges, we need to explore the targets of autophagy-enhancing effect of 1α,25-(OH)2-D3. These results showed that 1α,25-(OH)2-D3 promoted the expression of BECN1 mRNA and Beclin1 protein in OCPs under RANKL induction. Furthermore, 1α,25-(OH)2-D3 enhances p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. The lentiviral-mediated silencing of both BECN1 and p65 impeded the facilitation of 1α,25-(OH)2-D3 on osteoclast differentiation and OCP autophagy. Moreover, p65 silencing blocked the enhancement of BECN1 mRNA expression and Beclin1 protein expression by 1α,25-(OH)2-D3. In conclusion, 1α,25-(OH)2-D3 enhances Beclin1-dependent autophagy in OCPs by promoting BECN1 transcription, thereby promoting osteoclast differentiation; this indicates that the therapeutic strategies for BECN1 or p65 targeted inhibition have the potential to optimize the anti-osteoporotic function of 1α,25-(OH)2-D3.

PMID 42937446
阅读全文 →

注册免费账户还可查看另外 9996 篇文献

免费注册查看全部文献 →

了解更多mannitol