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mannitol (Aridol / Osmohale)

✓ Approved

Syntara · 小分子 · 小分子

什么是 mannitol？

mannitol 是一种小分子，由Syntara研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Inhaled。

药物档案

商品名Aridol, Osmohale
公司Syntara
药物类别小分子
给药途径Inhaled
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Syntara

治疗适应症

mannitol 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersRespiratory failure✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedFrontiers in fungal biology2026-09-10

Conserved storage-carbohydrate metabolic modules are rewired during germination of Trichoderma asperelloides and other Sordariomycetes.

Tenennbaum Bar B, Yakubovich Elizabeta E, Wang Yen-Wen YW, Meng Guoliang G et al.

Conidial germination requires rapid mobilization and reorganization of storage carbohydrates, yet the network architecture underlying this process remains poorly defined in filamentous fungi. Using quantitative GC-MS/MS profiling, we provide the first quantitative identification of major soluble sugar species across four germination stages of Trichoderma asperelloides T203 and compared them with four representative models in the Sordariomycetes (Metarhizium anisopliae, Cordyceps militaris, Fusarium graminearum, and Neurospora crassa). In T. asperelloides, mannitol was the most prevalent measured sugar in dormant conidia, declined sharply at polarity establishment, and partially recovered at later stages, while trehalose displayed a reciprocal increase and other sugars remained comparatively stable. Comparative analyses revealed distinct species-specific carbon storage strategies: Dormant conidia of T. asperelloides, M. anisopliae, and C. militaris were mannitol-enriched, whereas in N. crassa and F. graminearum glucose was the most abundant; after germination onset, most species shifted toward glucose accumulation, but T. asperelloides uniquely transitioned from mannitol to trehalose dominance before partial re-accumulation of mannitol. Integration of sugar profiles with time-resolved RNA-seq and Bayesian network inference revealed conserved core interactions but also lineage-specific divergences in mannitol/trehalose-associated central-carbon modules that correspond to distinct nutrient and lifestyle strategies during early colonization. A focused analysis in T. asperelloides uncovered extensive stage-dependent transcriptional remodeling of metabolic-process genes and a mannitol-centered module involving mpd1 and mtd1 (encoding mannitol-1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase and mannitol dehydrogenase, respectively). Antisense-based knockdown of mpd1 strongly reduced its transcript levels and led to stage-dependent upregulation of mtd1. However, these changes left mannitol content, soluble-sugar profiles, germination dynamics, and growth on mannitol essentially unchanged. Together, our comparative metabolic-network analysis shows that conidial mannitol and trehalose metabolism in T. asperelloides is embedded in a flexible, partially redundant central-carbon framework, and establishes this species as a tractable model for systems-level dissection of sugar metabolic regulation during early fungal development and colonization.

PMID 42718801
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PubMedJournal of medical case reports2026-09-10

Residual drugs in the stomach? A case report.

Zhang Shusheng S, Wang Chenhao C, Song Haiyan H, Chen Zhiwei Z et al.

High-density material identified in the stomach on computed tomography (CT) most commonly represents ingested drugs, oral contrast agents, or blood. Distinguishing between these is critical, as misidentifying drugs or contrast as active gastric bleeding may lead to unnecessary interventions. We report a rare cause of hyperdense gastric material on CT, other than the three etiologies mentioned above. A 25-year-old man with Crohn's disease presented to the gastroenterology department with suspected disease recurrence. At 11:20, a gastroscopy identified an antral ulcer, bile reflux, and a duodenal stricture, through which the gastroscope (approximately 10 mm in width) was able to pass. A subsequent CT enterography performed at 13:49 revealed several round, high-density lesions within the stomach on non-contrast and contrast CT images, which appeared distinct from the surrounding gastric mucosa. While retained oral medication was initially suspected, the patient confirmed he had ingested nothing other than a 2.5% mannitol solution, taken for CT enterography preparation following the gastroscopy. To investigate the composition of these lesions, we combined artificial gastric juice, artificial bile, and 2.5% mannitol in a test tube. This combination yielded a visible precipitate. We therefore conclude that the round lesions observed on CT most likely represent this precipitated material. This case highlights a fourth etiology of high-density gastric material on CT; it is important for radiologists and clinicians to be aware of this situation to prevent misinterpretation of images.

PMID 42717372
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PubMedDalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)2026-09-10

Magneto-structural correlations in multinuclear Dy/Zn complexes: controlling magnetic relaxation through anisotropy and exchange interactions.

Panja Anangamohan A, Jagličić Zvonko Z, Jana Narayan Ch NC, Brandão Paula P et al.

The rational design of lanthanide-based single-molecule magnets (SMMs) requires an understanding of how structural variations influence magnetic anisotropy, exchange interactions, and relaxation dynamics. Herein, we report a family of multinuclear Dy(III)/Zn(II) complexes supported by a compartmental Schiff-base ligand, including two tetranuclear Dy4 clusters, [Dy4(L)2(HL)2(μ-OH)2(NO3)2](NO3)2·H2O (1) and [Dy4(L)2(μ-OH)2(μ-pnba)4(pnba)2]·3CH3CN (2), and two heterometallic Zn-containing complexes, [Zn2Dy2(L)2(μ-CO3)2(NO3)2]·0.5H2O·CH3OH (3) and [ZnDy(L)(μ-tfa)(hfac)2] (4). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies reveal that variations in the bridging modes, coordination environments, and metal-ion arrangements generate distinct structural motifs. Magnetic studies demonstrate diverse magnetic behaviours arising from differences in Dy(III) magnetic interactions and relaxation pathways. In particular, the Dy4 complexes exhibit different magnetic responses despite comparable Dy⋯Dy separations, indicating that the relative arrangement of the Dy(III) coordination environments plays a crucial role in determining the nature of magnetic interactions. Ab initio CASSCF calculations provide further insight into the relationship between structural features and magnetic properties by revealing variations in Dy(III) magnetic anisotropy and easy-axis orientations. The Zn-containing complexes further highlight the influence of magnetic-ion arrangement and nuclearity on relaxation dynamics. Correlation of structural, magnetic, and theoretical results suggests that the orientation of Dy(III) anisotropy axes, together with the balance between exchange and dipolar interactions, governs the observed magnetic behaviour. This study provides insights into the magneto-structural relationships controlling magnetic relaxation in multinuclear Dy-based complexes.

PMID 42720195
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PubMedEuropean journal of oral sciences2026-09-10

Effect of chitosan-containing desensitizers applied prior to bleaching on the physical properties of enamel.

Barbato Júlia J, Passos Luís Otávio LO, Barbosa Carolina Meneghin CM, Benati Marcos Roberto de Lima MRL et al.

This in vitro study evaluated the effects of adding chitosan (Chi) to desensitizing agents applied before dental bleaching on enamel properties. Bovine enamel specimens were allocated to seven groups (n = 12): no treatment (negative control), 2% NaF (positive control), 2% NaF + 2% Chi, 2% NaF + 5% Chi, 2% NaF + 5% KNO3, 2% NaF + 5% KNO3 + 2% Chi, and 2% NaF + 5% KNO3 + 5% Chi. All specimens underwent three bleaching sessions with 35% hydrogen peroxide, each preceded by a 10-min application of desensitizing agents. Color change (∆L*, ∆a*, ∆b*, ∆Eab, and ∆E00), whiteness index (∆WID), surface roughness (Ra), and microhardness (SMH) were evaluated at baseline (T0) and after each session (T1-T3). Scanning electron microscopy analysis was performed at T3. Color parameters did not differ among groups (p > 0.05), indicating bleaching efficacy. Surface roughness increased in all groups (p < 0.0001), with greater increases in chitosan-containing groups. However, groups 2% NaF + 5% Chi and 2% NaF + 5% KNO3 + 5% Chi showed significantly higher microhardness values than controls at T2 and T3. Incorporation of chitosan into desensitizing agents increased enamel surface roughness but preserved microhardness without compromising bleaching efficacy. These findings suggest chitosan may represent strategy for protecting enamel during in-office bleaching.

PMID 42719982
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PubMedStress biology2026-09-10

Lycopene mitigates T-2 toxin-induced systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in association with gut microbiota and SCFAs regulation in mice.

Adam Saber Y SY, Ennab Wael W, Zhu Cuipeng C, Yuan Long L et al.

T-2 toxin is a trichothecene mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species and can cause disease after contaminated food or feed ingestion. This study aimed to investigate the impact of lycopene (Ly) on systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and dysbiosis in mice exposed to T-2 toxin. A total of 20 male BALB/c mice (6 weeks old, weighing 23.5 ± 0.32 g) randomly divided into four groups (n = 5): Control (Cont), Ly, T-2, and T-2 + Ly groups. Findings revealed that Ly enhanced the body weight, feedd, and water intake that have been reduced by T-2. Ly increased the villus height (VH) and VH: crypt depth (CD) and decreased CD and villus width (VW) in ileum compared to the T-2 group. In alpha diversity, Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium were the most prevalent in Cont group; Staphylococcus, and Lactobacillus, were the most prevalent in T-2 group; Candidatus-Arthromitus and Staphylococcus were the most prevalent in T-2 + Ly group. Moreover, T-2 mice had significantly (p < 0.05) greater levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), Interleukin-17 (IL-17), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) than Cont, while the Ly significantly (p < 0.05) lowered their concentration. The T-2 mice had significantly (p < 0.05) higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), while their catalase (CAT),, glutathione (GSH), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1) activities were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than Cont. Ly significantly (p < 0.05) restored their concentration. Moreover, there was a significant reduction (p < 0.05) of hexanoic, butyric, acetic, pentanoic, and Heptanoic acids in the T-2 mice compared to Cont. In contrast, treatment with Ly was found to significantly restore their levels compared to T-2 group. We conclude that Ly administration in the context of T-2-induced toxicity may help attenuate systemic oxidative stress and inflammation, possibly through modulation of gut microbiota and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs).

PMID 42720699
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PubMedScandinavian journal of gastroenterology2026-09-10

Autoimmune pancreatitis type 2 and its relationship with inflammatory bowel disease: a narrative review.

Ejsing J G JG, Jensen M D MD, Jørgensen M T MT

This narrative review provides an update of the literature on autoimmune pancreatitis type 2 (AIP-2) and its relationship with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in adults. Due to the rarity of this condition, the literature on the topic is sparse. AIP-2 is a pancreas specific condition in contrast to autoimmune pancreatitis type 1, which is the pancreatic manifestation of immunoglobulin G4-related disease. AIP-2 has a strong association with IBD, especially ulcerative colitis. To establish this review a systematic search using the PubMed database was carried out for English language articles concerning AIP-2 and IBD in an adult population from inception until November of 2025. Every article was screened for eligibilty and included if found relevant. AIP-2 should be suspected in IBD patients with signs of acute pancreatitis, painless jaundice or a pancreatic mass without an obvious explanation. A definitive diagnosis requires a representative histological sample obtained preferentially with an endoscopic ultrasound guided needle biopsy. A probable diagnosis can be obtained through radiological findings, coexistence of IBD and clinical response to corticosteroids. Corticosteroids are the first-line treatment of an acute flare of AIP-2 if it doesn't resolve spontaneously. In patients with relapsing, steroid refractory or steroid dependent AIP-2, maintenance therapy can be considered to prevent flare-ups and progression to chronic pancreatitis. In patients with IBD and AIP-2, it is important to consider a relapse preventative strategy that has effect on both conditions.

PMID 42717776
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