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mannitol (Aridol / Osmohale)

✓ Approved

Syntara · 小分子 · 小分子

什么是 mannitol？

mannitol 是一种小分子，由Syntara研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Inhaled。

药物档案

商品名Aridol, Osmohale
公司Syntara
药物类别小分子
给药途径Inhaled
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Syntara

治疗适应症

mannitol 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersRespiratory failure✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedBulletin of experimental biology and medicine2026-07-27

The Influence of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha on the Permeability of Nasal Epithelial Cell Monolayer.

Abalenikhina Yu V YV, Breslavets D I DI, Mylnikov P Yu PY, Builina S G SG et al.

The effect of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) on the barrier function of the nasal epithelium (RPMI 2650 cell line) was studied in in vitro experiments. It was shown that short-term exposure to the cytokine (6 h) increased transepithelial electrical resistance and decreased paracellular permeability for mannitol, which was accompanied by elevated expression of the tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-1. Prolonged exposure (48 h) caused an opposite effect, i.e., a significant decrease in the barrier function and a decrease in the content of the studied proteins. These results indicate that the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα modulates the permeability of the nasal epithelium, which should be taken into account when developing strategies for intranasal drug delivery.

PMID 42507093
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PubMedJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)2026-07-27

Establishment of Protoplast Preparation and Genetic Transformation Methods in Two Ilyonectria Species.

Wang Yaoyao Y, Zhang Weiwei W, Wang Xiaohan X, Zhang Ximei X et al.

Ilyonectria is a common soil-inhabiting fungal genus that comprises numerous plant phytopathogenic species capable of infecting a wide array of crops, medicinal herbs, and horticultural plants. However, the lack of a reliable and efficient genetic transformation method has severely hindered the elucidation of the pathogenic mechanisms of Ilyonectria pathogens. In this study, we established an efficient protoplast-mediated genetic transformation method for two dominant Panax root rot pathogens, I. robusta and I. vredehoekensis. Key parameters governing high-quality protoplast preparation, including mycelium culture time, enzyme composition, osmotic stabilizer type, digestion speed, and digestion time, were systematically optimized. Subsequently, orthogonal experiments were conducted to optimize the PEG-CaCl2-mediated transformation conditions and to screen regeneration media for protoplasts. The optimal enzymatic system is composed of 20 mg/mL driselase and 10 mg/mL lysing enzyme, with 0.7 M NaCl as the osmotic stabilizer. Under these conditions, high-viability and high-quality protoplasts were obtained from I. vredehoekensis after 3 h of digestion at 150 rpm, and from I. robusta after 2 h of digestion at 100 rpm, yielding 5.52 × 107 CFU/mL and 5.75 × 107 CFU/mL protoplasts, respectively. Efficient transformation was achieved using a mannitol-prepared STC buffer mediated by 40% PEG4000. PCR and fluorescence microscopy verified positive transformants. Additionally, pathogenicity assays showed no significant differences in virulence between the transformed and wild-type strains, suggesting that the transformation procedure did not alter virulence. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to successfully establish genetic transformation methods for I. robusta and I. vredehoekensis, providing an essential technical platform for functional gene analysis, pathogenicity studies, and host-pathogen interaction research. In addition, the optimized transformation strategy may serve as a valuable reference for studies on other Ilyonectria species.

PMID 42506250
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PubMedToxins2026-07-27

Fusarium Mycotoxins Are Frequently Detected in Oat Grains and Oat Foods and T-2, HT-2 and HT-2-Glucoside Are Highly Bioaccessible in Oat Porridge.

Gordon Margaret-Jane MJ, Daud Noshin N, Cantlay Louise L, Gratz Silvia W SW

The presence of Fusarium mycotoxins is an intractable problem in cereal production, with T-2 and HT-2 posing a particular issue in oats. This study assesses the prevalence of Fusarium mycotoxins in unprocessed and de-hulled oats and oat food products and quantifies the bioaccessibility of T-2, HT-2 and HT-2-glucoside from oat porridge in vitro. Twenty unprocessed food oat samples were de-hulled and mycotoxins quantified in unprocessed grains, hulls and groats using LC-MS/MS. Seventy-seven oat food products (40 porridge samples, 10 granola and muesli samples, 11 oat biscuits, 11 oatcakes, 5 infant cereals) were analysed for mycotoxins. Two oat porridge samples were tested for bioaccessibility using Infogest 2.0 method followed by faecal microbiota incubations. T-2/HT-2 and their glucosides were the most prevalent mycotoxins in unprocessed food oats (85-100%). DON was also highly prevalent (70%) while DON-glucoside, NIV, ZEN and their glucoside were less frequently detected. Reduction of 89-100% was achieved by de-hulling oats for most mycotoxins except DON-glucoside (77% reduction). Oat food samples were also frequently contaminated with T-2+HT-2 (prevalence porridge 90%, granola and muesli 40%, oat biscuits 36%, oatcakes 73%) while no mycotoxins were detectable in infant cereal foods. Upon in vitro digestion, 73-82% of free and glucosylated T-2/HT-2 were readily bioaccessible, underlining their importance for human dietary exposure. The study highlights that T-2/HT-2 contamination is prevalent in oats and carry-over into food products cannot be completely avoided, potentially leading to mycotoxin exposure in oat food consumers.

PMID 42506715
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PubMedDalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)2026-07-27

Molecular based spin qubits of Mn(II) coordination compounds with S = 5/2.

Wakizaka Masanori M, Yamashita Masahiro M

Spin qubits based on electron spins are promising platforms for quantum information science due to their ability to form controllable superposition states with long coherence times. While most molecular spin qubits have focused on S = 1/2 systems, high-spin systems offer an alternative approach with access to multilevel quantum states. In particular, high-spin Mn(II) (S = 5/2) centers possess zero orbital angular momentum (L = 0), resulting in weak spin-orbit coupling that suppresses spin-lattice relaxation and prolongs phase memory times. The central transition (MS = -1/2 ↔ +1/2) behaves similarly to an S = 1/2 system, enabling robust and stable spin coherence, whereas the outer transitions (MS = ±5/2 ↔ ±3/2 and ±3/2 ↔ ±1/2) provide additional functionality through interactions with nuclear spin systems and external electric fields. Recent studies on Mn(II)-doped metal-organic frameworks and discrete Mn(II) complexes diluted in diamagnetic matrices demonstrate tunable spin relaxations, highlighting their potential as multilevel quantum units for advanced quantum operations such as Grover-type algorithms. Despite these promising features, molecular high-spin qubits remain less explored than their S = 1/2 counterparts, and further investigations into spin-vibration coupling, structural design, and external field control are required. Overall, high-spin metal complexes represent an emerging and versatile platform for next-generation spin-based quantum technologies.

PMID 42507458
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PubMedOrganic letters2026-07-27

2-Azadiene-Derived 2-Amino-2H-1,4-oxazines as Intermediates on the Way to 2,3-Fused Pyrrolo[3,4-d]oxazoles.

Agafonova Anastasiya V AV, Kuliaev Pavel O PO, Smetanin Ilia A IA, Khlebnikov Alexander F AF et al.

2-Amino-2H-1,4-oxazines were synthesized from azirines, aroyl(diazo)acetonitriles, and secondary amines in a two-step sequence in generally good to excellent yields. Upon heating, cycloamino-substituted oxazines undergo stereoselective rearrangement into 2,3-fused pyrrolo[3,4-d]oxazoles through a retroelectrocyclization/1,6-prototropy/intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition cascade. This transformation reveals a previously unknown mode of 2-azadiene reactivity and demonstrates, for the first time, the generation of azomethine ylides from 2-azadienes by prototropy.

PMID 42503886
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PubMedDiagnostic cytopathology2026-07-27

Cytomorphological Differentiation of Follicular Lymphoma Grades 1-2 and Non-Neoplastic Lymphoid Tissues Using ImageJ.

Ryu Ayumi A, Satomi Hidetoshi H, Shingetsu Azusa A, Tanada Satoshi S et al.

Distinguishing follicular lymphoma Grades 1-2 (FL1-2) from non-lymphoma cases using cytological specimens remains challenging. This study evaluated whether nuclear image analysis using ImageJ could provide objective support for the screening of FL1-2. Cytological TIFF images from 12 FL1-2 cases and 17 non-lymphoma cases (10 reactive follicular hyperplasia [RFH] and 7 with no evidence of malignancy [NM]) were analyzed using ImageJ (version 1.54f). The median values of 14 nuclear parameters related to size, shape, and intensity were calculated for each case. Group comparisons were performed using nonparametric statistical tests with appropriate adjustments for multiple comparisons. The intensities were expressed as ratios relative to those of mature lymphocytes (index). Among the 14 evaluated parameters, area, perimeter, the pixel-based standard deviation (StdDev) index, and the coefficient of variation (CV) showed significant differences between FL1-2 and non-lymphoma cases. Pairwise comparisons with Holm adjustment revealed significant differences in StdDev index between FL1-2 and RFH, and in area and perimeter between FL1-2 and NM (adjusted p < 0.05). Among these parameters, area, perimeter, and CV demonstrated excellent reproducibility (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.90). ImageJ-based nuclear image analysis may provide objective support for distinguishing FL1-2 from non-lymphoma cases in cytological specimens. Among the evaluated parameters, area, perimeter, and CV showed both discriminatory ability and excellent reproducibility, suggesting their potential utility in routine cytological screening.

PMID 42503308
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