BCG vaccine

A bivalent oral yeast vaccine displaying Nocardia seriolae FHA and LMBV MCP confers protection in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides).

Lu Jianfei J, Gu Boge B, Yu Pengzhen P, Chen Jiong J

Largemouth bass ranavirus (LMBV) and Nocardia seriolae are major pathogens affecting largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), causing significant economic losses. In this study, recombinant yeasts expressing the fibronectin-binding protein A (FHA) of N. seriolae or the major capsid protein (MCP) of LMBV were constructed using the yeast surface display (YSD) system. Based on these recombinant strains, a bivalent oral yeast-based vaccine was developed and its protective efficacy was systematically evaluated. Oral administration of the vaccine induced specific antibodies against FHA and MCP in serum, as well as increased the transcription levels of adaptive immune genes (IgM, IgT, MHC-II) and innate immune genes (IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-1, Mx2) in the hindgut, liver, and spleen. Importantly, the bivalent oral vaccine provided significant protection against both pathogens in largemouth bass, with relative percent survival (RPS) values of 56.7% against N. seriolae and 63.3% against LMBV. Meanwhile, the oral vaccine reduced pathogen loads and alleviated histopathological lesions. In summary, these findings suggest that the bivalent oral vaccine developed in this study could serve as a promising strategy for controlling N. seriolae and LMBV infections in largemouth bass aquaculture.

Genomic characterization of the attenuated human cytomegalovirus strain TR-VAC developed for subviral particle vaccine production.

Schmidt Hanno H, Hewel Charlotte C, Büscher Nicole N, Linke Matthias M et al.

We report the complete genome sequence of the attenuated human cytomegalovirus strain TR-VAC, developed for subviral particle vaccine production. Oxford Nanopore duplex sequencing confirmed all engineered modifications, including UL130 repair, UL25 stop codons, ddFKBP insertion, GFP deletion, and retention of the bacterial artificial chromosome backbone, without large-scale structural rearrangements.

Vaccine hesitancy in peripheral communities: Combating digital malpractice.

Siddiqui Gulnaz Fatima GF, Siddiqui Shahid Akhtar SA

Discovery of new diaminoquinazolines against Mycobacterium tuberculosis: chemical synthesis and in vitro evaluation.

Kore Mukul M, Sundaramoorthy Niranjana Sri NS, Kidwai Saqib S, Singh Ramandeep R et al.

Despite the availability of multiple treatment options, the emergence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains presents a significant health concern worldwide. This necessitates the development of novel antitubercular agents with distinct mechanisms of action. Diaminoquinazolines (DAQs) have demonstrated antimicrobial and antiparasitic potential, yet their exploration against Mtb remains underexplored. To expand the DAQ SAR, we have synthesized diverse derivatives featuring novel C2/C4 amine combinations and core modifications and evaluated their activity against Mtb. SAR analysis identified 1-benzylpiperidin-4-amine at C4 paired with 4-phenoxyaniline at C2 as optimal, delivering analogues 14c and 14f-14k with potent activity against wild-type and MDR Mtb strains. The analogues were also active against M. bovis BCG harboring mutations in mmpL3, hadC and katG, indicating these targets are not involved in DAQs mechanism of action. Therefore, these DAQ analogues offer promising starting points for the design of molecules against drug-resistant tuberculosis.