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dust mite vaccine (acaroid)

✓ Approved

Merck KGaA · 疫苗 · 疫苗

什么是 dust mite vaccine？

dust mite vaccine 是一种疫苗，由Merck KGaA研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Injectable (Others)、Subcutaneous Injection。

药物档案

商品名acaroid
公司Merck KGaA
药物类别疫苗
给药途径Injectable (Others), Subcutaneous Injection
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Merck KGaA

治疗适应症

dust mite vaccine 针对 2 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersRhinitis allergic✓ Approved
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersAsthmaPhase III

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Chitosan-dsRNA improves tissue stability and delivery for RNAi-mediated Varroa destructor control.

Kim Sanghyeon S, Mahalle Rashmi Manohar RM, Jeong Hoe Nan HN, Seong Keon Mook KM

Varroa destructor is an ectoparasitic mite and a major threat to honey-bee colony health worldwide. RNA interference (RNAi) offers a potentially species-specific approach for mite control, but practical application is limited by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) degradation and inefficient delivery to mites. This study evaluated coatomer protein I (COPI) complex subunits as RNAi targets and tested whether chitosan-based dsRNA formulation could improve dsRNA stability, tissue uptake, and delivery from honey-bees to mites. Direct microinjection of dsRNAs targeting COPB, COPD, and COPE significantly reduced target-gene expression and mite survival compared with the double-stranded green fluorescent protein (dsGFP) control, with 72-h survival rates of 8.0%, 12.7%, and 5.3%, respectively, compared with 40.7% in the control group (all log-rank P < 0.0001). Chitosan-conjugated dsRNA remained detectable for longer periods than naked dsRNA in honey-bee tissue fluids, and CNP-Cy3-dsGFP was detected in the honey-bee midgut and fat body. A qualitative fluorescence observation in V. destructor was consistent with host-to-mite dsRNA transfer. Ingestion of COP-targeted chitosan-dsRNAs reduced mite survival, whereas honey-bee survival and expression of honey-bee COP orthologs were not affected. In silico analysis detected no contiguous ≥19-nt matches between Varroa COP dsRNAs and the honey-bee transcriptome or genome. COPI subunits are promising RNAi targets in V. destructor, and chitosan formulation may improve dsRNA persistence and uptake while supporting honey-bee-mediated delivery to mites. These laboratory findings support further evaluation of chitosan-formulated dsRNA as a potentially species-selective strategy for Varroa management, while broader safety assessment and field validation remain necessary. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Hidden Mould in the Air: A Practical Narrative Mini-Review of Invasive Mould Infection Prevention for High-Risk Patients and Clinicians.

Bauer Angelika A, Lass-Flörl Cornelia C, Steixner Stephan S, Cornely Oliver O et al.

Airborne mould spores, including those of the Aspergillus species, are ubiquitous both indoors and outdoors. While they are generally harmless, inhaled spores can cause severe infections, particularly invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, in patients with impaired immune defences. Allergic manifestations such as asthma arise by different mechanisms and are not covered. This narrative mini-review summarises key evidence and guideline recommendations for healthcare teams and provides practical, patient-friendly advice by highlighting clinical and infection-prevention considerations. As there is no safe exposure threshold or minimum infectious dose for individual patients, prevention focuses on reducing avoidable exposure during high-risk periods. These high-risk periods typically refer to medical conditions such as prolonged neutropenia, the early post-transplant period, and high-dose corticosteroid therapy. Furthermore, prevention also focuses on optimising hospital environmental controls by implementing high-efficiency particulate air filter filtration, protective rooms and construction dust containment, alongside antifungal prophylaxis when indicated. The most impactful measures at home are preventing and rapidly remediating visible mould and dampness, avoiding high-spore activities such as composting, handling potting soil, and working with demolition or renovation dust, and maintaining simple hygiene practices that reduce dust reservoirs. This narrative mini-review also summarises what the literature can and cannot provide. Although Aspergillus species account for most of the available evidence, the same exposure-reduction principles apply to other environmentally acquired moulds, including Mucorales, Fusarium species and Scedosporium species.

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Tropilaelaps mercedesae: an emerging global threat to apiculture - a comprehensive review.

Esmaeily Mojtaba M, Kwon Sunho S, Babaeian Esmaeil E, Jung Chuleui C

Honey bees (Apis spp.) are key pollinators in agricultural and natural ecosystems; however, their populations are declining due to multiple interacting stressors and their synergistic effects, including parasitic mites. While Varroa destructor is widely recognized as the primary global driver of colony losses, mites of the genus Tropilaelaps, particularly Tropilaelaps mercedesae, are emerging as a serious and still underestimated threat. Native to Asia and naturally associated with wild hosts such as Apis dorsata, T. mercedesae has successfully transitioned to managed Apis mellifera colonies and is now widespread across much of Asia. Recent reports from Central Asia and the Caucasus and western Eurasian regions (including Georgia and Russia) indicate that this species is undergoing an ongoing westward expansion toward Europe. Its biological traits-including an extremely short reproductive cycle, obligate dependence on sealed brood, high dispersal capacity, and the potential to transmit viruses such as deformed wing virus (DWV)-facilitate rapid population growth and severe colony-level damage, particularly in A. mellifera, which lacks effective behavioral defenses against this mite. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the taxonomy, morphology, life cycle, host-parasite interactions, geographic distribution, and spread of Tropilaelaps mites, with emphasis on T. mercedesae. It also evaluates available diagnostic approaches, including brood-based methods, adult bee-based methods, and natural mite-fall techniques. Furthermore, evidence on chemical and biotechnical control strategies is summarized, and their strengths, limitations, and integration within an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) framework are discussed. Overall, current findings highlight the urgent need to strengthen surveillance, standardize diagnostic protocols, and develop sustainable control strategies to prevent the global spread of Tropilaelaps mites.

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Lu Jianfei J, Gu Boge B, Yu Pengzhen P, Chen Jiong J

Largemouth bass ranavirus (LMBV) and Nocardia seriolae are major pathogens affecting largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), causing significant economic losses. In this study, recombinant yeasts expressing the fibronectin-binding protein A (FHA) of N. seriolae or the major capsid protein (MCP) of LMBV were constructed using the yeast surface display (YSD) system. Based on these recombinant strains, a bivalent oral yeast-based vaccine was developed and its protective efficacy was systematically evaluated. Oral administration of the vaccine induced specific antibodies against FHA and MCP in serum, as well as increased the transcription levels of adaptive immune genes (IgM, IgT, MHC-II) and innate immune genes (IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-1, Mx2) in the hindgut, liver, and spleen. Importantly, the bivalent oral vaccine provided significant protection against both pathogens in largemouth bass, with relative percent survival (RPS) values of 56.7% against N. seriolae and 63.3% against LMBV. Meanwhile, the oral vaccine reduced pathogen loads and alleviated histopathological lesions. In summary, these findings suggest that the bivalent oral vaccine developed in this study could serve as a promising strategy for controlling N. seriolae and LMBV infections in largemouth bass aquaculture.

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