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famotidine (Pepcid RPD / Pepcidin Rapitab / famotidine, Zydis)

✓ Approved

Merck & Co. · HRH2 · 小分子

什么是 famotidine？

famotidine 是一种小分子，由Merck & Co.研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Oral (PO)。

药物档案

商品名Pepcid RPD, Pepcidin Rapitab, famotidine, Zydis
公司Merck & Co.
药物类别小分子
分子靶点HRH2
给药途径Oral (PO)
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Merck & Co.

作用机制

分子靶点

famotidine 作用于 1 个分子靶点：

HRH2histamine receptor H2 (H2R, HH2R)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

famotidine 针对 3 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Gastrointestinal disordersDuodenal ulcer✓ Approved
Gastrointestinal disordersGastric ulcer✓ Approved
Gastrointestinal disordersGastrooesophageal reflux disease✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedJournal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics2026-10-25

Pharmacokinetics of Famotidine in Goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) After Subcutaneous Administration.

Escher-Price Olivia G OG, Smith Joe S JS, Christopher Kamryn K, Duncan Madeline M et al.

Small ruminants such as goats are susceptible to abomasal ulceration due to adverse reactions to medications, stress, and inappetence. There is limited pharmacokinetic data regarding the use of famotidine for treatment and prevention of abomasal ulceration in goats. The objective of this study is to report the pharmacokinetic parameters after a single subcutaneous administration of famotidine. Famotidine was administered at a 1.2 mg/kg dose to six healthy goats and plasma samples were collected over a 12-h period. The plasma was analyzed using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to measure famotidine concentrations. Using commercially available pharmacokinetic software, noncompartmental analysis was used to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters. The maximum plasma concentration was estimated at 735 ng/mL and the Tmax was 0.64 h. The apparent terminal half-life was 1.29 h, and the mean residence time was 1.82 h. The area under the curve was found to be 1046 h*ng/mL. Five of the 6 goats in this study had been utilized for a previous intravenous famotidine investigation, and when comparing the area under the curve to this study, the range of the estimated bioavailability after subcutaneous administration was 21.43%-135%. Future research performing a pharmacodynamic study measuring the pH of the abomasal fluid could be used to determine the efficacy of famotidine on raising pH levels. Compared to other studies with intravenous administration in goats, subcutaneous administration of famotidine may be a more useful way of maintaining concentrations over time.

PMID 42921682
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PubMedCureus2026-10-25

Allergic to Exercise: A Case of Exercise-Induced Urticaria and Angioedema.

Patel Puja P

A 23-year-old female presented with urticaria, peri-orbital angioedema, wheeze and cough during intense exercise, with progression slowed by exercise cessation. Additional triggers included passive heating and strong emotion, while low-to-moderate intensity exercise did not provoke symptoms. Symptoms occurred independently of food intake. Past medical history included exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB), eczema and seasonal allergies. Skin-prick and specific IgE testing for food allergens were negative, whilst dermatographia testing was positive. Specific IgE testing demonstrated sensitisation to house dust mite and animal dander as well as several moulds. Initial treatment with antihistamines, famotidine and montelukast provided partial symptom control, whilst later addition of omalizumab resulted in resolution of exercise-induced urticaria and angioedema. This case illustrates the diagnostic overlap between exercise-induced anaphylaxis (EIA), a rare, life-threatening syndrome associated with exercise, and cholinergic urticaria, with a possible contribution from symptomatic dermographism and pre-existing symptoms of EIB. This case highlights that exercise-triggered urticarial syndromes may not fit neatly into a single diagnostic category, and that a thorough, trigger-focused history remains a valuable diagnostic tool.

PMID 42927275
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PubMedJACC. Case reports2026-10-23

Congenital Long QT Syndrome Type 2: Delayed Diagnosis After a Decade of Seizure-Like Episodes.

Yamamoto Hiroto H, Nakamura Fumiko F, Uemura Kenta K, Kitahashi Riki R et al.

Congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) is typically diagnosed in youth. Recognition in advanced age is rare and may be delayed when arrhythmic syncope mimics epilepsy. A 93-year-old man with recurrent convulsive syncope presented with marked QT prolongation, notched T waves, and pause-dependent torsades de pointes/pulseless ventricular tachycardia initiated by premature ventricular contractions. Four years earlier, torsades de pointes had been attributed to mild hypokalemia and famotidine, although QTc interval remained prolonged after correction. Genetic testing identified a pathogenic KCNH2 frameshift variant, confirming congenital LQTS type 2. Advanced age, chronic kidney disease, and bradyarrhythmia likely reduced repolarization reserve. An implantable cardioverter-defibrillator was discussed but not pursued after a goals-of-care discussion; leadless pacing was used to reduce pauses, and beta-blocker therapy continued. Congenital LQTS may remain occult into advanced age when acquired factors reduce repolarization reserve. Persistent QT prolongation after reversible factors are corrected should prompt consideration of congenital LQTS regardless of age.

PMID 42909437
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PubMedJournal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry2026-10-23

MALDI MSI Workflow for Pharmaceutical Tablets: Toward a Reproducible Strategy for High-Resolution Imaging.

Lisgara Athina A, Santos-Neto Alvaro A, Charkoftaki Georgia G, Aalizadeh Reza R et al.

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) can complement liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), the gold standard for impurity assessment, by enabling spatial visualization of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), byproducts, and excipients in solid formulations. With new advances in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) MSI, critical factors such as ablated spot size, raster speed, and standardized tablet surface preparation still need to be properly addressed. This study presents an innovative sample holder and sample preparation protocol enabling reproducible up to 10-μm step size acquisition for MSI analysis of tablets. The workflow was validated by embedding several commercial tablets containing various APIs in blocks with epoxy resin, then transversally cut them to expose their surfaces. Following this, the tablet surfaces were trimmed using a cryostat and subsequently polished with lapping diamond films to achieve flat and even surfaces. The tablets were then placed in a custom metal holder for MALDI-trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS)-MSI analysis using a timsTOF fleX. The optimized protocol provides high-quality sample preparation and avoids loss of laser focus, enabling high-throughput analysis with high sensitivity for tablet imaging. This robustness was essential for spatial resolution measurements using the Smartbeam 3D, where precise initial focusing is required to preserve data quality across imaging areas. Consistent high signal sensitivity was achieved for single pixels in 10 mg cetirizine or 20 mg famotidine tablets and digoxin fragments were detected in a 0.25 mg/130 mg tablet. This approach provides an important tool for pharmaceutical development by enabling reliable, high-resolution spatial analysis of active ingredients and impurities in solid dosage forms. Collision cross section (CCS) values from reference standards and tablets, as well as MS/MS data were used for confident identification. LC-MS-based workflows remain essential for quantitative analysis of impurity assessment, while infrared spectroscopy (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) can support formulation level characterization. MALDI-TIMS-MSI complements these approaches by adding direct spatial localization of APIs and API-related molecular features within the tablet matrix.

PMID 42916754
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PubMedDrug safety2026-10-11

Disproportionality Analysis of FAERS Data Divergence and a Systematic Review of Comparative Safety Studies: Lessons Learned from the Example of Ranitidine and Cancer Risk.

Rathod Mahesh M, Kadari Maheshwari M, Mohan Haripriya R HR, Kasana Ruby R et al.

Ranitidine, a histamine-2 receptor antagonist, was withdrawn globally in 2020 following the detection of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NMDA), a probable human carcinogen. We aimed to assess advanced pharmacovigilance bias-mitigation approaches by evaluating ranitidine-associated cancer signals in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) and Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) databases alongside a systematic review of comparative safety studies. A retrospective disproportionality analysis was conducted using the FAERS and the JADER databases. Signal detection was performed using four complementary algorithms (proportional reporting ratio (PRR), reporting odds ratio, information component, and empirical Bayes geometric mean), with an active comparator (famotidine) and time-restricted (pre- and post-recall) analyses, and a systematic review of comparative safety studies was also conducted. A pronounced surge in cancer reporting was observed for ranitidine, with 140,985 reports recorded in FAERS during 2020-21, accounting for more than two thirds of all reported cancer cases. Most reports were consumer submitted and geographically clustered in regions affected by regulatory actions and litigation. Unrestricted analyses of the full FAERS database identified high-magnitude signals for multiple cancers, particularly gastrointestinal and genitourinary cancers. However, these signals were markedly attenuated or absent in active-comparator and time-restricted analyses, with convergence observed in the reporting profiles of ranitidine and famotidine. In the JADER analysis, a significant ranitidine-cancer signal among suspected drug reports (PRR = 3.54) disappeared completely when all involvement types were analyzed (PRR = 0.92), indicating that the observed association likely reflects protopathic bias, rather than a true carcinogenic effect. The systematic review revealed heterogeneous findings, with most large cohort studies demonstrating no increased risk of overall or site-specific cancers. The observed cancer signals for ranitidine in spontaneous reporting systems were predominantly attributable to the NMDA related regulatory alerts rather than intrinsic carcinogenicity. Active-comparator and time-restricted analyses, together with systematic reviews of comparative safety studies, are essential to avoid misleading inferences in pharmacovigilance assessments.

PMID 42859294
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PubMedJournal of oncology pharmacy practice : official publication of the International Society of Oncology Pharmacy Practitioners2026-10-09

Tebentafusp desensitization in an adult with metastatic uveal melanoma.

Herrera Elisa E, Pappano Emma E, Fayngor Rochelle R, Hahn Eugenia E et al.

IntroductionMetastasis occurs in almost 50% of patients with uveal melanoma. In patients who are HLA-A*02:01 positive, first line treatment is the Immune mobilizing monoclonal T cell receptor Against Cancer (ImmTAC), tebentafusp, which increases overall survival significantly at one year compared to single-agent immunotherapy or chemotherapy. Hypersensitivity reactions (HSR) to cancer therapeutics are well established. When these therapies offer significant benefits over alternatives, drug desensitization protocols are utilized to improve clinical outcomes in those with suspected IgE-mediated HSRs.Case reportWe present a case of an individual with metastatic uveal melanoma who suffered an anaphylactic HSR to tebentafusp. Given the lack of available ImmTAC therapeutic desensitization protocols, this report's purpose was to create a tebentafusp desensitization protocol based on accepted desensitization protocols for other chemotherapeutic drugs.Management and outcomeThe desensitization procedure consisted of pretreatment with cetirizine, famotidine, diphenhydramine, methylprednisolone, and acetaminophen prior to infusion. Infusions were each given as two diluted infusions limited to 100 mL of reconstitution volume, with cumulative quantities equivalent to standard treatment regimen dosages. Drug was given over no longer than four hours per manufacturer's recommendations. A total of three cycles of three weekly infusions were completed. The patient had no anaphylaxis recurrence. Tebentafusp treatment was withheld after the third cycle due to disease progression.DiscussionFor patients with HLA-A*02:01 positive metastatic uveal melanoma with suspected IgE-mediated HSR to tebentafusp, desensitization can be completed safely. Given the patient's disease progression within two months of treatment, it is unknown whether desensitization impacts the drug's clinical benefit.

PMID 42852808
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