北京若生智能科技有限公司
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calcitonin (Fortical Injection / Forcaltonin)

✓ Approved

Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd. · CALCR · 重组蛋白

什么是 calcitonin？

calcitonin 是一种重组蛋白，由Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd.研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Injectable (Others)、Subcutaneous Injection。

药物档案

商品名Fortical Injection, Forcaltonin
公司Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd.
药物类别重组蛋白
分子靶点CALCR
给药途径Injectable (Others), Subcutaneous Injection
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd.

作用机制

分子靶点

calcitonin 作用于 1 个分子靶点：

CALCRcalcitonin receptor (CT-R, CTR)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

calcitonin 针对 3 个适应症，涉及 2 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Endocrine disordersHypercalcaemia of malignancy✓ Approved
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disordersOsteitis deformans✓ Approved
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disordersOsteoporosis✓ Approved

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Thermal Phase Behavior of PNIPAM-Based Hydrogels: Different Scenarios and Implications in Injectable Hydrogel Design.

Kotova Svetlana L SL, Kukanova Valeriya S VS, Kostjuk Sergei V SV, Efremov Yuri M YM et al.

Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM)-based hydrogels are "smart" materials of great interest and demand, primarily in a variety of biomedical applications, due to their LCST close to physiological temperature. The basic biomedical applications of PNIPAM-based injectable hydrogels include controlled drug delivery, tissue engineering, wound healing, and cancer therapy. This review summarizes the thermal phase behavior of PNIPAM-based systems under different conditions, including different scenarios of physical gelation in polymer solutions and volume phase transitions in chemically crosslinked hydrogels. The thermodynamics of the coil-to-globule phase transition, its relation to gel formation, and mechanisms underlying the phase transitions in PNIPAM-based hydrogels are discussed, as well as external parameters which may affect these processes. Different types of phase diagrams observed for PNIPAM-based systems are considered, with particular attention paid to the cases in which gelation occurs separately from the coil-to-globule transition. The rational design of injectable platforms should be based upon a thorough understanding of the PNIPAM-based system's phase behavior to achieve controllable and reproducible properties.

PMID 42929964
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PubMedGels (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-26

Injectable Conductive Hydrogels as Multifunctional Bioactive Soft Interfaces for Skeletal Muscle Regeneration.

Wang Xinping X, Li Jingyu J, Liao Ying Y, Sun Xiaomin X et al.

The skeletal muscle is an essential organ in exercise and energy metabolism and it significantly contributes to maintaining body posture, facilitating movement, and supporting overall health. The skeletal muscle has an intrinsic capacity for self-repair and functional restoration following minor injury. However, this reparative ability is limited, and in cases of volumetric muscle loss (VML) caused by traumatic injury or tumor resection, substantial muscle loss and functional impairments may occur. Injectable conductive hydrogels (ICHs) have received increasing attention in the repair and regeneration of VML due to their controlled conductivity and minimally invasive application. In ICHs, conductive mediums are introduced into a hydrogel to improve the electrical integration between hydrogel and host tissue, promoting skeletal muscle repair. Furthermore, shear-thinning ICHs that undergo in situ gelation can reduce the injury size and inflammation, thus approaching the clinical transformation target of conductive biomaterials. Notably, ICHs can also serve as carriers of bioactive molecules or cells to improve the cellular microenvironment in the injured region and induce skeletal muscle regeneration. This review focuses on exploring different conductive mediums integrated into ICHs, including their formation principles, key performance metrics, immunoregulatory activity, and potential applications in skeletal muscle regeneration. Additionally, this review emphasizes the future development and optimization of ICHs to enhance skeletal muscle repair and regeneration.

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Potential and Safety Assessment of a Hydrogel as a Vitreous Substitute Following Vitrectomy in an Ex Vivo Porcine Model.

Sojdeh Soheil S, Bejandi Zahra Bibak ZB, Castillo Miranda M, Tsougranis Gregory G et al.

To develop and preliminarily evaluate a hyaluronic acid-1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (HA-BDDE)/polyethylene glycol-tyramine (PEG-Tyramine) dual-hydrogel designed as a transparent and injectable vitreous substitute with suitable optical, rheological, and cytocompatibility characteristics for potential application following vitrectomy. HA-BDDE and PEG-Tyramine were prepared separately and combined to form a dual-hydrogel formulation. The resulting hydrogel was characterized using attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, oscillatory rheometry, and spectrophotometry to evaluate its chemical, rheological, and optical properties. Cytocompatibility was assessed using retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells through the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and Live/Dead fluorescence staining. Ex vivo performance was evaluated following hydrogel injection into porcine eyes after vitrectomy, with assessment of macroscopic transparency, structural integrity, and retention within the vitreous cavity. The HA-BDDE/PEG-Tyramine formulation formed a transparent and macroscopically homogeneous hydrogel phase. Spectroscopic analyses demonstrated the characteristic chemical functionalities and molecular environments associated with the HA- and PEG-containing components. Rheological analysis showed predominantly elastic, gel-like behavior, with the storage modules exceeding the loss modulus across the investigated frequency range. The hydrogel exhibited measurable and relatively stable visible-light transmission across the evaluated wavelength range. RPE cells maintained high metabolic activity during the culture period, while Live/Dead imaging demonstrated predominantly viable cells with limited dead-cell staining. In the ex vivo porcine model, the hydrogel remained within the vitreous cavity and maintained its macroscopic transparency and structural integrity during the observation period. The HA-BDDE/PEG-Tyramine dual-hydrogel exhibited favorable optical, rheological, cytocompatibility, and short-term ex vivo retention characteristics. These findings support further investigation of this dual-hydrogel system as a potential injectable vitreous substitute following vitrectomy.

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Mechanical Distraction Engages a Neuro-Immune Program to Drive Regenerative Soft-Tissue Healing in Ilizarov Bone Transport.

Zhu Yueliang Y, Chen Jiayu J, Wen Xuehuan X, Tang Kaijia K et al.

The Ilizarov bone transport technique reproducibly accelerates soft-tissue healing around the distraction zone through an unexplained mechanism. Using a rat dynamic bone transport (DBT) model, we test whether a sensory neuro-immune axis links sustained mechanical distraction to tissue regeneration. DBT induced sensory reinnervation and established a calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-rich neurotrophic niche, which reorganized early inflammation and promoted vascular-epithelial expansion. Bulk RNA-seq revealed a neurodevelopmental transcriptional program, while single-cell RNA-seq showed reduced inflammatory myeloid subsets and expansion of reparative Arg1+ macrophages and protective neutrophil states. Capsaicin ablation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1-positive (TRPV1+) sensory fibers abolished these transitions and DBT-enhanced repair, and local CGRP receptor blockade substantially attenuated it. We propose that the upstream step is mechanosensory; however, this component is a framework supported by correlative expression data, including Piezo1 detection in wound macrophages, and by functional perturbations of sensory nerves. Local strain was not measured, and direct mechanotransduction at the cellular level remains to be demonstrated. These findings indicate that Ilizarov-type distraction engages a sensory neuro-immune program that orchestrates inflammation resolution and soft-tissue regeneration, providing a mechanistic framework for a long-standing clinical observation.

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Biomolecule-Assembled Materials: Bridging Molecular Assembly Rules and Cardiovascular Applications.

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide, and many current drugs and devices are limited by off-target exposure, weak responsiveness to pathological cues, and reduced performance under pulsatile blood flow. Biomolecule-assembled materials, constructed from nucleic acids, proteins/peptides, polysaccharides, and lipids/vesicles, offer a promising way to address these limitations. Their functions arise from sequence- or chemistry-governed assembly rules that encode molecular recognition, transport, and mechanical behavior across multiple scales, from nanostructures to tissue-facing interfaces. This review summarizes recent progress in biomolecule-assembled materials across CVD prevention, diagnosis, therapy, and regeneration. Programmable bio-assemblies support rapid sensing and lesion-localized intervention, while also enabling bioactive coatings, injectable depots, and membrane-mimetic carriers for plaque targeting and drug delivery. By comparing material classes through shared cardiovascular tasks and hemodynamic constraints, modular hybrids suggest potential advantages that merit further investigation under physiologically relevant conditions. Clinical translation will depend on predictive assembly design, standardized manufacturing and quality control, and in vivo validation under physiologically relevant flow. Through converting molecular assembly rules into scalable, hemodynamically robust functions, biomolecule-assembled materials offer a unifying design language for next-generation cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy.

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Engineering Smart Hydrogels Through Dynamic Polymer Networks for Controlled Drug Delivery.

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Smart hydrogels are increasingly explored as adaptive platforms for controlled drug delivery because their polymer networks can respond dynamically to chemical, biological, and physical cues. Among these systems, dynamic polymer networks formed through reversible covalent and noncovalent interactions provide a unique means of coupling molecular-scale bond exchange with time-dependent changes in hydrogel structure, mechanics, degradation, and therapeutic transport. This review presents an integrated framework linking dynamic crosslink chemistry, exchange kinetics, network properties, and drug-release behavior. Dynamic covalent, supramolecular, metal-ligand, and hybrid network strategies are compared with particular emphasis on how crosslink lifetime, mesh accessibility, swelling, viscoelasticity, stress relaxation, and degradation govern therapeutic cargo loading, retention, diffusion, and release. Representative release mechanisms and kinetic models are discussed together with cargo-specific design considerations for small molecules, proteins and peptides, nucleic acids, and nanoparticle-based therapeutics. Biomedical applications are further considered according to therapeutic requirements and administration routes, including injectable local depots, topical and transdermal delivery, and regenerative systems. Finally, key translational challenges involving physiological complexity, biocompatibility, reproducibility, scale-up, sterilization, and storage stability are critically assessed. By connecting molecular interaction dynamics with network-level behavior and therapeutic performance, this review provides design principles for developing more predictable, programmable, and clinically translatable dynamic hydrogel drug-delivery systems.

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