DTP-HepB-Hib vaccine (EasyFive PQ / EasyFive / MyFive)

A bivalent oral yeast vaccine displaying Nocardia seriolae FHA and LMBV MCP confers protection in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides).

Lu Jianfei J, Gu Boge B, Yu Pengzhen P, Chen Jiong J

Largemouth bass ranavirus (LMBV) and Nocardia seriolae are major pathogens affecting largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), causing significant economic losses. In this study, recombinant yeasts expressing the fibronectin-binding protein A (FHA) of N. seriolae or the major capsid protein (MCP) of LMBV were constructed using the yeast surface display (YSD) system. Based on these recombinant strains, a bivalent oral yeast-based vaccine was developed and its protective efficacy was systematically evaluated. Oral administration of the vaccine induced specific antibodies against FHA and MCP in serum, as well as increased the transcription levels of adaptive immune genes (IgM, IgT, MHC-II) and innate immune genes (IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-1, Mx2) in the hindgut, liver, and spleen. Importantly, the bivalent oral vaccine provided significant protection against both pathogens in largemouth bass, with relative percent survival (RPS) values of 56.7% against N. seriolae and 63.3% against LMBV. Meanwhile, the oral vaccine reduced pathogen loads and alleviated histopathological lesions. In summary, these findings suggest that the bivalent oral vaccine developed in this study could serve as a promising strategy for controlling N. seriolae and LMBV infections in largemouth bass aquaculture.

Genomic characterization of the attenuated human cytomegalovirus strain TR-VAC developed for subviral particle vaccine production.

Schmidt Hanno H, Hewel Charlotte C, Büscher Nicole N, Linke Matthias M et al.

We report the complete genome sequence of the attenuated human cytomegalovirus strain TR-VAC, developed for subviral particle vaccine production. Oxford Nanopore duplex sequencing confirmed all engineered modifications, including UL130 repair, UL25 stop codons, ddFKBP insertion, GFP deletion, and retention of the bacterial artificial chromosome backbone, without large-scale structural rearrangements.

Vaccine hesitancy in peripheral communities: Combating digital malpractice.

Siddiqui Gulnaz Fatima GF, Siddiqui Shahid Akhtar SA

Nose-to-brain delivery of IRX4204 by cell-adhesion peptide-functionalized gemini surfactant-phospholipid nanoparticles.

Hakim Antoine A, Kasheke Gracious D S GDS, Robertson George S GS, Foldvari Marianna M

Efficient delivery of hydrophobic therapeutics to the central nervous system (CNS) remains challenging due to poor solubility, limited blood-brain barrier permeability and systemic toxicity. Here, we report the development of gemini surfactant-phospholipid nanoparticles (GPNPs) for intranasal delivery of the highly potent and preferential retinoid X receptor agonist IRX4204. Physicochemical characterization demonstrated stable nanoparticles (60 nm, +40 mV) with high encapsulation efficiency and long-term stability. Dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering revealed that optimal drug loading in GPNPs is ≤0.5 mg mL-1. The formulations showed the coexistence of two structurally distinct particle populations, flattened micelles and larger vesicular structures. In vivo studies in mice demonstrated that intranasal administration of IRX4204-GPNPs (0.12 mg kg-1) achieved higher CNS concentrations than a 100-fold higher oral dose (12 mg kg-1), with sustained distribution across various CNS regions and enhanced striatal accumulation. Compared to oral IRX4204 suspension administration, intranasal delivery of IRX4204-GPNPs achieved about 1.4-fold higher CNS drug concentrations, 136-fold greater delivery efficiency (0.19% vs. 0.0014% of dose) and 73.5% direct transport percentage (DTP), accompanied by markedly reduced plasma and liver exposure. Pharmacodynamic evaluation confirmed sustained activation of RXR-responsive genes, including SCD1 and LXRα, following intranasal nanoparticle delivery. These findings demonstrate that optimized GPNPs enable efficient CNS targeting and support their use as a promising intranasal platform for delivery of RXR agonists and other hydrophobic therapeutics.