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Drug Database
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testosterone enanthate (Vibex QS T / QS T / Xyosted)

✓ Approved

Antares Pharma, Inc. · AR · 类固醇

什么是 testosterone enanthate？

testosterone enanthate 是一种类固醇，由Antares Pharma, Inc.研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Injectable (Others)、Subcutaneous Injection。

药物档案

商品名Vibex QS T, QS T, Xyosted
公司Antares Pharma, Inc.
药物类别类固醇, 小分子
分子靶点AR
给药途径Injectable (Others), Subcutaneous Injection
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Antares Pharma, Inc.

作用机制

分子靶点

testosterone enanthate 作用于 1 个分子靶点：

ARandrogen receptor (DHTR, AR8)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

testosterone enanthate 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Endocrine disordersHypogonadism✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedJournal of personalized medicine2026-07-27

Hormones, Sexual Function, and Dysfunctional Sexual Beliefs in Postmenopausal Women: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Peixoto Clayton C, Navarro Melanie M, Carrilho Carolina Gomes CG, Grande Antonio José AJ et al.

Background: Sexual function in postmenopausal women is influenced by both hormonal and psychological factors. This study investigates the associations between sex hormones, sexual function, and sexual beliefs in this population. Objective: This research seeks to assess the relationship between sex hormones, sexual function, and dysfunctional sexual beliefs in postmenopausal women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 42 postmenopausal women aged 45-65 years. Instruments included the FSFI and SDBQ. Hormones assessed were testosterone, estradiol, progesterone, prolactin, DHEA, SHBG, and LH. Blood samples were collected in the morning and analyzed using chemiluminescence or radioimmunoassay. Pearson correlation tests were used, with Bonferroni adjustment applied to control for multiple comparisons. Results: Free testosterone was positively correlated with sexual desire and negatively associated with dysfunctional beliefs regarding sexual desire. Estradiol also showed a positive correlation with desire, while prolactin was negatively associated. No other FSFI domains showed significant hormonal associations. Conclusions: Findings suggest that testosterone may influence both sexual desire and the internalization of dysfunctional sexual beliefs in postmenopausal women, highlighting the interplay between biological and psychological dimensions of sexuality, which may be relevant for a more comprehensive clinical assessment of sexual function in this population.

PMID 42506118
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PubMedJournal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology2026-07-27

Seasonal fluctuations in the hypothalamic irisin and its correlation with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal -axis activity in male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).

Saqib Muhammad M, Aftab Amel A, Nabi Ghulam G, Khan Muhammad Noman MN et al.

Regulatory mechanisms underlying seasonal fluctuations in the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG)-axis are poorly understood. Since 2016, following the publication of a medical hypothesis highlighting irisin's involvement in reproductive function, extensive research on this aspect has been conducted; however, studies on seasonal variation remain limited. The purpose of this study was to examine seasonal variations in hypothalamic irisin/FNDC5 expression relative to the seasonally fluctuating HPG-axis activity in male rhesus monkeys. Hypothalamic tissues for immunocytochemistry (ICC), RT-qPCR, and testicular tissues for H&E staining were used. The experimental model was validated by assessing mean testicular volume, seminiferous epithelial height, seminiferous tubular diameter, and plasma testosterone, which were significantly higher in reproductively active than in reproductively inactive male monkeys. The present study revealed that reproductively active monkeys exhibited significantly higher mean numbers of hypothalamic irisin-like immunoreactive cell bodies and elevated FNDC5 mRNA expression levels compared with reproductively inactive monkeys. This showed a positive correlation with testicular volume, seminiferous tubular diameter/epithelial height, and plasma testosterone levels. The current study suggests the possibility that irisin may be a novel positive regulator of HPG-axis activity during the breeding season in male rhesus monkeys.

PMID 42507113
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PubMedJournal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology2026-07-27

Increases in fecal testosterone precede increases in fecal dehydroepiandrosterone in wild male mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei).

Brown Ella R ER, Umuhoza Rose R, Uwamahoro Carine C, Umwizerwa Alliance A et al.

Testosterone (T) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) are two steroids integral to male primate development. For humans, both are high in early infancy (for T, this is known as minipuberty) then rapidly decline. DHEAS then increases beginning in early childhood, resulting in a process known as adrenarche, which signals the maturation of the zona reticularis of the adrenal gland. T increases a few years thereafter, marking the beginning of puberty. These processes are relatively well-studied in humans, but data is lacking for the other great apes. Particularly for adrenarche, strikingly little is known about its distribution across the primate order. Here, we draw on a large sample of wild male mountain gorilla fecal samples collected over the full course of the gorilla lifespan to examine how the hormones T and DHEAS change with age. We use enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to quantify metabolites of both hormones, and validate these assays using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analyses. We find that both hormones are high in male gorilla infancy, and then decline before T rises again at 9.3 years of age. Surprisingly, DHEAS rises afterwards at 10.7 years old, showing a departure from the human developmental pattern. T then peaks at 18 years of age, while DHEAS plateaus at ~ 23 years of age. More research is needed to assess intra-order variation in primate hormonal development.

PMID 42507115
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PubMedMedical sciences (Basel, Switzerland)2026-07-27

Metabolic Effects of Testosterone Replacement Therapy in Men with Functional Secondary Hypogonadism, Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes or Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review.

Ntais Christos C, Vantarakis Apostolos A, Chatziprodromidou Ioanna P IP

Functional secondary hypogonadism is frequent in men with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but whether testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) produces clinically relevant metabolic benefits remains uncertain. This systematic review evaluated double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trials of TRT in obese men with functional secondary hypogonadism and either T2DM or metabolic syndrome. PubMed and Scopus were searched up to May 2026. Eligible studies enrolled adult men with biochemical hypogonadism and T2DM or metabolic syndrome, compared TRT with placebo, and reported metabolic outcomes. Open-label, single-blind, and non-randomized studies were excluded. Risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane RoB 2 framework and certainty of evidence with GRADE. Eight trials were included. The most consistent signal was improvement in body composition, mainly increased lean mass and reduced fat mass. Effects on insulin resistance were favorable in several trials but heterogeneous. GRADE certainty was low for fat mass, lean mass, and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), and it was very low for clamp-derived insulin sensitivity, HbA1c, fasting glucose, lipid outcomes, inflammatory and vascular surrogate markers, and long-term safety. Low-certainty evidence suggests that TRT may improve body composition and HOMA-IR in carefully selected men with functional secondary hypogonadism and metabolic disease, whereas effects on glycemic and lipid outcomes remain very uncertain. TRT should not be regarded as an antidiabetic or lipid-lowering intervention. Larger phenotype-specific trials with longer follow-up are needed.

PMID 42506387
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PubMedAnimal models and experimental medicine2026-07-27

Evaluation of therapeutic effects of D-limonene following orchiopexy in the rat model of cryptorchidism.

Norouzi-Ghalehbala Arman A, Rezaei-Varmaziar Mohammadjavad M, Taati Majid M, Soleimanzadeh Ali A et al.

Cryptorchidism impairs spermatogenesis, causes infertility, and increases malignancy risk. Orchiopexy, the standard treatment, often fails to fully restore testicular function. This study evaluated the adjunctive effects of D-limonene in prepubertal rats with bilateral cryptorchidism. Twenty-four male rats were allocated into four groups: sham-operated (SH), cryptorchid control with orchiopexy (CT), and two orchiopexy groups receiving low-dose (50 mg/kg, Lim-50) or high-dose (100 mg/kg, Lim-100) D-limonene. Assessments included oxidative stress markers in testicular tissue (total antioxidant capacity [TAC], malondialdehyde [MDA], superoxide dismutase [SOD], and glutathione peroxidase [GPx]), macroscopic indices (testicular index [TI], absolute testicular weight [TW], and testicular weight index [TWI]), histopathological parameters (Johnsen score [JS], epithelial height [EHS], and seminiferous tubule diameter [STD]), apoptosis-related proteins (Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and TNF-α), serum testosterone, and sperm parameters. D-limonene improved several indices of testicular injury following orchiopexy in cryptorchid rats. Both treatment doses increased TAC, while the higher dose more effectively reduced MDA and improved SOD activity. Testicular morphometric and histopathological parameters, including TW, TI, TWI, JS, EHS, and STD, were significantly improved. D-Limonene also decreased pro-apoptotic markers (Bax and Cleaved Caspase-3), increased anti-apoptotic markers (Bcl-2 and Pro-Caspase-3), reduced TNF-α expression and apoptotic cell counts, and enhanced serum testosterone and sperm quality. However, full normalization of all parameters was not achieved. Adjunctive D-limonene administration following orchiopexy attenuated oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, and partially restored testicular structure and function in experimental cryptorchidism. These findings support D-limonene as a promising supplementary strategy with partial but meaningful protective effects.

PMID 42503734
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PubMedSports (Basel, Switzerland)2026-07-27

Associations Between Endocrine Status and Stress, Mood and Psychosomatic Status in Elite Handball Players.

Ratz-Sulyok Fanny Zselyke FZ, Jang-Kapuy Csilla C, Bakonyi Peter P, Beres Bettina B et al.

The assessment of endocrine status in elite athletes is typically linked to training load and perceived stress; however, the relationship between hormonal parameters and psychosomatic and stress indicators remains insufficiently understood. This study aimed to investigate the associations between endocrine status and stress, mood, and psychosomatic status indicators in elite handball players. In a cross-sectional study, salivary cortisol (with no strict control over wake-up time), testosterone, and-in female athletes-17-β-estradiol concentrations were assessed in 584 elite handball players aged 14-35 years using ELISA. Psychological variables were evaluated using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Profile of Mood States (POMS), and the Health Behavior in School-aged Children Symptom Checklist (HBSC-SCL). Associations were examined using non-parametric tests and general linear models adjusted for age. Hormonal and psychological variables demonstrated significant age-related trends. No significant associations were observed between hormonal parameters and perceived stress or mood disturbance (values for the general linear model (GLM) were all p > 0.05). In contrast, psychosomatic symptom severity was significantly associated with cortisol levels in male athletes (GLM, p < 0.001) and testosterone levels in female athletes (GLM, p = 0.009). Multivariate analyses confirmed the relevance of psychosomatic symptoms and indicated interaction effects between stress-related factors. Psychosomatic symptoms were more closely associated with endocrine status than with perceived stress or mood disturbance in elite handball players. However, these associations were characterized by relatively small effect sizes, indicating that psychosomatic symptoms explain only a limited proportion of the variance in hormonal parameters. These findings suggest that psychosomatic indicators may provide a more sensitive reflection of physiological strain and support the use of integrated monitoring approaches combining endocrine and psychosomatic measures in elite sport. In practical terms, routine monitoring of psychosomatic symptoms alongside hormonal measures may help practitioners to identify early signs of physiological strain and support timely adjustments in training load and recovery strategies.

PMID 42506832
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