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exenatide (exenatide LAR / AC 2993 LAR / Bydureon Pen)

✓ Approved

3SBio · GLP1R · 小分子

什么是 exenatide？

exenatide 是一种小分子，由3SBio研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Injectable (Others)、Intradermal Injection、Subcutaneous Injection。

药物档案

商品名exenatide LAR, AC 2993 LAR, Bydureon Pen
公司3SBio
药物类别小分子, 多肽类
分子靶点GLP1R
给药途径Injectable (Others), Intradermal Injection, Subcutaneous Injection
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, 3SBio

作用机制

分子靶点

exenatide 作用于 1 个分子靶点：

GLP1Rglucagon like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R, GLP-1-R)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

exenatide 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Metabolism and nutrition disordersType 2 diabetes mellitus✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2026-07-27

Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Semaglutide 2.0 mg as an Add-On to Dose-Reduced Insulin Glargine versus Dose-Titrated Insulin Glargine in People With Type 2 Diabetes and Overweight (SUSTAIN OPTIMIZE).

Rodbard Helena W HW, Irace Concetta C, Lobo Jevitha J, Makrilakis Konstantinos K et al.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) management with basal insulin can lead to hypoglycaemia and weight gain. SUSTAIN OPTIMIZE compared once-weekly semaglutide 2.0 mg as add-on to dose-reduced insulin glargine (Sema+IGlarreduced) versus dose-titrated IGlar (IGlartitrated) on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), body weight (BW), daily insulin dose, and participant satisfaction. SUSTAIN OPTIMIZE was a 40-week, phase 3b, open-label, randomised study. Adults with T2D, overweight (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2), and treatment with basal insulin ≤ 40 units/day were randomised 1:1 into Sema+IGlarreduced or IGlartitrated. The primary endpoint was change in HbA1c using a non-inferiority approach. Secondary endpoints assessed superiority of Sema+IGlarreduced versus IGlartitrated in reducing HbA1c, BW, daily insulin dose, and improving Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire change version (DTSQc) scores. Overall, 573 participants were randomised. Sema+IGlarreduced achieved both non-inferiority and superiority versus IGlartitrated in HbA1c reduction (estimated treatment difference [ETD]: -0.74%; 95% confidence interval [CI95]: -0.90, -0.59) and superiority in BW change (ETD: -8.5 kg; CI95: -9.5, -7.4), relative daily insulin dose change (ETD: -121.9%; CI95: -143.1, -100.6), and DTSQc scores (ETD: 2.6; CI95: 1.6, 3.5) (p < 0.0001 for all endpoints). No new safety concerns were identified. Severe hypoglycaemia was reduced (rate ratio: 0.45; CI95: 0.23, 0.87; p = 0.02), while gastrointestinal events were higher for Sema+IGlarreduced (310 vs. 32 events). Once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2.0 mg as add-on to dose-reduced IGlar achieved superior reductions in HbA1c, BW, and daily insulin dose in people with T2D and overweight, while reducing their risk for severe hypoglycaemia compared to dose-titrated IGlar alone.

PMID 42504064
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PubMedJAMA neurology2026-07-27

Efficacy and Safety of Gefurulimab in Generalized Myasthenia Gravis: The PREVAIL Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial.

Gwathmey Kelly G KG, Saccà Francesco F, Howard James F JF, Vu Tuan T et al.

Gefurulimab is a novel dual-binding nanobody that blocks complement component 5 activation. Complement activation is a key pathogenic mechanism in anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive (AChR-Ab+) generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG). To evaluate the efficacy and safety of gefurulimab in adults with AChR-Ab+ gMG. This randomized clinical trial, PREVAIL, was a phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled study conducted at 113 sites in 20 countries. Patients were screened and randomized from November 2022 to November 2024; the randomized controlled treatment period was 26 weeks. Participants were adults (aged ≥18 years) with AChR-Ab+ gMG, a Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America classification II through IV, and a Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living (MG-ADL) total score of 5 or higher. Gefurulimab or placebo via once-weekly subcutaneous self-injection. The primary end point was change from baseline in MG-ADL total score at week 26. The key secondary end point was change from baseline in Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis (QMG) total score at week 26. Safety was also assessed. Of 405 patients screened, 145 were excluded; 260 met eligibility criteria and were randomized (gefurulimab, n = 131; placebo, n = 129); 249 patients completed the 26-week randomized controlled treatment period. The mean (SD) age was 52.8 (15.73) years; 157 (60.4%) patients were female and 103 (39.6%) were male. All primary and secondary end points were met with statistical significance. Improvements occurred within 1 week for MG-ADL score and 4 weeks for QMG score and were sustained through week 26. Least-squares mean change from baseline at week 26 for MG-ADL and QMG total scores for gefurulimab vs placebo were -4.2 vs -2.6 (treatment difference, -1.6; 95% CI, -2.4 to -0.8; P < .001) and -4.5 vs -2.4 (treatment difference, -2.1; 95% CI, -3.1 to -1.1; P < .001), respectively. The incidence of adverse events (AEs) was similar between groups. Most common treatment-emergent AEs with gefurulimab were injection site reactions, headache, back pain, and nasopharyngitis. No meningococcal infections were reported. Gefurulimab demonstrated both early and sustained clinical benefit in AChR-Ab+ gMG and was well tolerated, supporting its potential as a convenient, once-weekly, self-administered treatment regimen. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05556096.

PMID 42507440
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PubMedDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2026-07-27

Efficacy of CagriSema for Reaching Anthropometric Treatment Targets and Cardiometabolic Outcomes: A Secondary, Post hoc Analysis of REDEFINE 1.

Busetto Luca L, Contreras Cynthia Osorto CO, Christensen Mikkel Hovden MH, Garvey Timothy W TW et al.

To assess the added value of absolute anthropometric targets alongside percentage weight loss in the clinical management of obesity. The phase 3a, 68-week REDEFINE 1 trial randomised adults without diabetes with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, or ≥ 27 kg/m2 with ≥ 1 obesity-related complication, to once-weekly CagriSema 2.4 mg/2.4 mg, semaglutide 2.4 mg, cagrilintide 2.4 mg, or placebo, plus lifestyle intervention. This secondary, post hoc analysis assessed the proportions of participants achieving BMI < 27 kg/m2 and/or WHtR < 0.53 targets, and percentage weight loss by anthropometric target. The association between the proportion of participants maintaining or achieving normalisation of four cardiometabolic outcomes: normoglycemia (glycated haemoglobin < 5.7% and fasting plasma glucose < 5.6 mmol/L); blood pressure (< 130/80 mmHg); triglycerides (< 1.7 mmol/L); lipids (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥ 1.3 mmol/L [female] or ≥ 1.0 mmol/L [male]) and reaching anthropometric targets or change in body weight (%) was also assessed. The proportion of participants achieving both BMI < 27 kg/m2 and WHtR < 0.53 targets at week 68 was 30.3%, 19.1%, 9.0%, and 3.3% in participants who received CagriSema, semaglutide, cagrilintide, or placebo respectively. Both BMI and WHtR performed similarly as indicators for all four cardiometabolic outcomes. At more stringent cut-off values, anthropometric targets were better measures than percentage weight loss. The proportion of participants achieving anthropometric targets was greater with CagriSema Versus other treatments. These findings support further validation of BMI and WHtR anthropometric treatment targets and indicate a potential for indicating amelioration of clinical outcomes in obesity and a greater emphasis on target-based treatment strategies.

PMID 42503495
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PubMedTropical animal health and production2026-07-27

Comparison of the performance of hybrids obtained from reciprocal crosses between Anadolu-T and a commercial parent stocks.

Yeter Beyhan B, Eleroğlu Hasan H

This study aimed to compare the performance of hybrids obtained from crosses between Anadolu-T parent stocks and a commercial parent stocks. The hybrid combinations evaluated were Anadolu-T × Anadolu-T (AA), Commercial × Commercial (CC), Anadolu-T male × Commercial female (AC), and Commercial male × Anadolu-T female (CA). Throughout the 6-week growth period, including the initial live weight, significant differences were observed among all hybrid lines in terms of weekly live weights and live weight gains (p < 0.001). Except for the first week, the weekly live weight values of CC and AC were similar, with no statistically significant differences between these groups (p > 0.05). The average slaughter weights were 3005.00 g for CC and 2952.81 g for AC, respectively. Statistical analyses indicated that differences in weekly feed intake (WFI) among the hybrids were significant during the first four weeks (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05), while cumulative feed intake (CFI) values differed significantly during the first three weeks (p < 0.01). Cumulative feed conversion ratio (FCR) values at 6 weeks of slaughter age, which form the basis of economic efficiency indices, were examined, statistically significant differences were determined among the hybrids (p < 0.01). The values of the CC and AC genotypes were similar, with cumulative FCRs of 1.61 and 1.63, respectively, whereas the cumulative FCR values obtained from the CA and AA genotypes were calculated as 1.68 and 1.78, respectively.

PMID 42507041
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PubMedEpidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)2026-07-27

Impact of Abortion-Limiting Legislation on Preterm and Early Term Birth in Atlanta, Georgia, 2020-2023.

Eick Stephanie M SM, Zheng Xiaping X, Chang Howard H HH, Chandrasekaran Suchitra S et al.

Abortion restrictions, including the US Supreme Court Decision in Dobbs v Jackson Women's Health Organization, have led to higher rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes and stress among pregnant women. It remains unknown whether the Dobbs decision or subsequent state-level legislation influenced early births. We assessed changes in the weekly number of conceptions and rates of preterm birth (<37 weeks) and early term birth (37-38 weeks) following the Dobbs decision (leak of draft and official ruling) and Georgia House Bill (HB) 481. We analyzed deliveries from hospitals affiliated with Emory University between 2020-2023. We calculated the weekly number of live-birth weekly pregnancy counts by first day of gestation, the percentage of preterm and early term birth over time and estimated hazard ratios (HR) for preterm and early term birth in association with three events: leak of the Dobbs draft opinion, the Dobbs official ruling, and HB481 implementation. Following the leak of the Dobbs decision, the number of pregnancy counts declined. Among pregnancies conceived following HB481 implementation, there was an increase in risk of preterm birth (HR=1.16, 95% CI=1.03, 1.29) and early term birth (HR=1.05, 95% CI=0.99, 1.12). Similar patterns were observed following the leak of the Dobbs decision and the official ruling. Among pregnancies conceived post-HB481 implementation, there was an increase in risk of preterm birth. These findings suggest that abortion-related legal changes may influence fertility patterns and perinatal outcomes.

PMID 42504922
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PubMedSports (Basel, Switzerland)2026-07-27

Match and Training External Load Ratios in Semi-Professional Male Soccer Players: An Exploratory Study.

Agra Sofia S, Barreira João J, Pimenta Ricardo R, Yousefian Farzad F et al.

This study aimed to quantify and compare the absolute daily and weekly external loads and training-to-match ratios of high-speed running distance (HSRD) and sprint distance (SPD) across the microcycle in semi-professional male soccer players. Twenty-four players from a Portuguese fourth-division team were monitored across nine standardized microcycles (7 days; 1 match) during the 2024-2025 competitive season using Global Navigation Satellite System devices. Absolute HSRD and SPD values were calculated for each training day and match, and daily and weekly training-to-match ratios were derived. Linear mixed-effects models assessed the effects of weekday, playing position, and their interaction. Match day elicited the highest absolute HSRD and SPD across all positions (p < 0.001). Within the training week, HSRD peaked on MD-3, whereas SPD peaked on MD-2, with the lowest values observed on MD-1. Significant position-by-day interactions were identified for both HSRD and SPD (p < 0.001). Wide defenders and midfielders accumulated greater absolute HSRD during both training and matches, while central defenders exhibited comparatively higher training-to-match ratios despite lower absolute match demands. Notably, in the analyzed team, all playing positions exceeded 100% of match-derived HSRD and SPD during the training week. In conclusion, the semi-professional soccer players investigated herein accumulated weekly high-speed and sprinting loads that exceeded match demands, although their distribution varied by playing position and training day. Confirmatory studies are necessary to further explore training-to-match load ratios across different competitive levels.

PMID 42506853
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