北京若生智能科技有限公司
Drug Database
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exenatide (exenatide LAR / AC 2993 LAR / Bydureon Pen)

✓ Approved

3SBio · GLP1R · 小分子

什么是 exenatide？

exenatide 是一种小分子，由3SBio研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Injectable (Others)、Intradermal Injection、Subcutaneous Injection。

药物档案

商品名exenatide LAR, AC 2993 LAR, Bydureon Pen
公司3SBio
药物类别小分子, 多肽类
分子靶点GLP1R
给药途径Injectable (Others), Intradermal Injection, Subcutaneous Injection
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, 3SBio

作用机制

分子靶点

exenatide 作用于 1 个分子靶点：

GLP1Rglucagon like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R, GLP-1-R)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

exenatide 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Metabolism and nutrition disordersType 2 diabetes mellitus✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedTransplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society2026-09-10

Short Term Safety and Effectiveness of Valganciclovir Prophylactic Dosing for Cytomegalovirus in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients Requiring Intermittent Hemodialysis.

Edwards Megan M, Sturm Ashley A, Shulha Jenny J, Cole Kristin K et al.

Valganciclovir is the preferred antiviral agent for cytomegalovirus (CMV) prophylaxis in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients; however, limited data exist to guide optimal dosing in patients requiring intermittent hemodialysis (iHD). This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of our institution's current dosing strategy of valganciclovir 450 mg three times weekly. In this single-center, retrospective study, adult liver, heart, lung, and kidney transplant recipients from January 2014 to November 2024 were included. Patients requiring ≥ 3 iHD sessions posttransplant and receiving valganciclovir 450 mg three times weekly were compared with recipients with normal renal function receiving 900 mg once daily. The primary outcomes were the risk of neutropenia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia within 3.5 months posttransplant. A total of 116 patients were included in the iHD cohort and were matched 1:2 to 232 patients in the normal renal function cohort. Rates of leukopenia and neutropenia were comparable between cohorts. However, thrombocytopenia occurred significantly more frequently in the iHD cohort (45.2% vs. 26.7%; p = 0.002). No significant differences were observed in rates of CMV infection between groups. Valganciclovir 450 mg three times weekly appears safe and effective for CMV prophylaxis in SOT recipients requiring iHD, though it may be associated with an increased risk of thrombocytopenia.

PMID 42717241
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PubMedPatient related outcome measures2026-09-10

Comparison of two self-reported tools for assessment of sleep quality.

Benton Melissa J MJ, Hutchins Andrea M AM

An easy to administer tool is needed for clinical assessment of sleep quality by healthcare providers. This study compared two brief, validated sleep questionnaires in order to identify an appropriate tool for clinical assessment. Women (N = 121) between the ages of 25-89 years (60.3 ± 15.9 years) completed the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire, the Restorative Sleep Questionnaire, and associated measures of quality of life, well-being, stress, and physical activity. There were no differences in sleep quality assessments between the two questionnaires for sleep last night (daily), during the past 7 days (weekly), or during the past 4 weeks (monthly). Overall, participants reported good daily, weekly, and monthly sleep quality (mean scores 71.1-75.3 out of 100), although both questionnaires assessed significantly better (p ≤ 0.002) daily sleep quality compared to weekly and monthly. There were no floor effects for either questionnaire, but ceiling effects were noted for the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire daily and weekly versions. When participants were grouped by sleep quality, very good sleepers reported better quality of life (p˂ 0.05) and well-being (p˂ 0.001), and less stress (p˂ 0.05) compared to poor sleepers for all versions of the Restorative Sleep Questionnaire and for the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire daily and weekly versions. For overall identification and assessment of good versus poor sleep quality, clinicians can choose either the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire or the Restorative Sleep Questionnaire. However, caution may be needed for short-term (daily, weekly) assessment for which the Restorative Sleep Questionnaire may be more appropriate due to fewer ceiling effects.

PMID 42719299
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PubMedFrontiers in public health2026-09-10

Extended working hours, income, and multidimensional wellbeing among physicians in China: a cross-sectional mediation analysis.

Zheng Huixian H, Li Mingyue M, Tang Haoqing H, Zhou Yuxun Y et al.

Physician wellbeing is central to healthcare workforce sustainability, particularly in settings characterized by high work demands and extended working hours. In China's healthcare system, physician income remains an important occupational factor and may be linked to workload and service volume, adding complexity to the associations between working hours, income, and wellbeing. This study examined these associations and the potential mediating role of income among physicians in China. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1,324 physicians from four province-level regions in China. Physician wellbeing was measured across physiological, psychological, and work-related domains. Generalized Structural Equation Modeling (GSEM) with 5,000 bootstrap replications was employed to estimate the direct associations between weekly working hours and multidimensional wellbeing and the income-mediated indirect associations. The mean score for physiological wellbeing (EQ-VAS) was 70.2 ± 16.7. Overall, 42.3% of physicians reported poor psychological wellbeing, defined as anxiety or depression, and 72.4% did not meet the criteria for good work-related wellbeing. Longer weekly working hours were inversely associated with physiological wellbeing (B = -5.057, p < 0.001), psychological wellbeing (OR = 0.685, p < 0.001), and work-related wellbeing (OR = 0.481, p < 0.001). Longer weekly working hours were also positively associated with monthly income (B = 0.049, p < 0.01). Income-mediated indirect associations were positive for physiological wellbeing (indirect association = 0.180; 95% bootstrap CI: 0.044, 0.368) and psychological wellbeing (indirect OR = 1.020; 95% bootstrap CI: 1.005, 1.041), but not for work-related wellbeing (indirect OR = 1.011;95% bootstrap CI: 0.998, 1.032). Among physicians surveyed in China, longer weekly working hours were associated with poorer multidimensional wellbeing. Monthly income played a modest statistical mediating role in the associations with physiological and psychological wellbeing, while the corresponding indirect association was not evident for work-related wellbeing under the primary strict definition. Further longitudinal and policy-evaluation studies are warranted to inform work-hour management and compensation reforms.

PMID 42718695
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PubMedFrontiers in medicine2026-09-10

Acupuncture-related therapies for opioid-induced constipation in patients with cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Liu Xinkun X, Shao Huaqiang H, Yang Jiayue J, Chen He H et al.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture-related therapies for opioid-induced constipation (OIC) in patients with cancer through pairwise and network meta-analysis (NMA). We searched eight electronic databases from inception to June 28, 2025, and identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating acupuncture-related therapies for OIC in cancer patients, with or without laxatives. Pairwise and Bayesian NMA were performed using R. Primary outcomes included constipation-related symptoms and stool form, assessed using the Cleveland Constipation Scale (CCS), weekly spontaneous bowel movements (weekly SBMs), Bowel Function Index (BFI), Patient Assessment of Constipation Symptoms (PAC-SYM), and Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS). Treatments were ranked using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA), and the certainty of evidence was evaluated using GRADE. Thirty-six RCTs involving 3,351 participants and 15 acupuncture-related interventions were included. Direct evidence from pairwise meta-analyses and single-study comparisons suggested that some acupuncture-related therapies, alone or combined with osmotic laxatives (OSM), may improve CCS, weekly SBMs, BFI, PAC-SYM, and BSFS compared with OSM or other controls. In the NMA, AA+OSM, AP+OSM, and APA+OSM were associated with statistically significant reductions in BFI scores compared with OSM, although these estimates were supported by low-certainty evidence. No statistically significant differences were detected for CCS, weekly SBMs, PAC-SYM, BSFS, or PAC-QOL total score. Among studies reporting safety outcomes, adverse events were generally mild and infrequent, mainly gastrointestinal symptoms and local skin reactions. Most network estimates were based on sparse evidence and supported by low to very low certainty. SUCRA-based rankings were considered exploratory because several interventions were supported by only one trial and global inconsistency could not be formally assessed. Acupuncture-related therapies may improve selected constipation-related symptoms and aspects of constipation-related quality of life in patients with cancer-related OIC. Reported adverse events were generally mild. However, these findings should be considered exploratory because the available evidence was limited and generally of low certainty. The publicly accessible registration record is available at: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024598002, PROSPERO CRD42024598002.

PMID 42718746
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PubMedNature2026-09-10

Dose once, treat forever: drugs are being engineered to last much longer.

Deighton Ben B

PMID 42717075
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PubMedFrontiers in public health2026-09-10

Opportunity constraints and social inequalities in exercise participation: a lagged analysis using CFPS 2018-2022.

Zhang Xiwen X, Li Wangjie W

Insufficient physical activity is socially patterned, but education, residence, work, health, and internet access are often modeled as separate covariates rather than as cumulative conditions that enable or restrict exercise. We analyzed individual-level longitudinal data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) in 2018, 2020, and 2022. Two lagged person-period intervals were constructed: 2018-2020 and 2020-2022. The exposure was a standardized opportunity-constraint score ranging from 0 to 9, based on nine binary indicators across resource conditions, time conditions, health feasibility, and information access. The outcome was weekly exercise participation in the subsequent wave. Lagged logistic models adjusted for prior exercise participation, age, sex, marital status, period fixed effects, and province fixed effects; standard errors were clustered at the individual level. The analytic sample included 32,306 person-period observations from 19,956 respondents. Subsequent weekly exercise participation was 43.94% in the low-constraint group, 27.65% in the moderate-constraint group, and 19.24% in the high-constraint group. In adjusted models, moderate and high constraints were associated with lower odds of subsequent participation than low constraints (OR = 0.555, 95% CI: 0.524-0.588; OR = 0.369, 95% CI: 0.340-0.401, respectively; both p < 0.001). The continuous-score model showed a similar inverse association (OR = 0.764, 95% CI: 0.750-0.779, p < 0.001). Resource-, time-, and information-access constraints were inversely associated with the outcome, whereas health-feasibility constraints were not independently associated after mutual adjustment. In an individual fixed-effects logit sensitivity model, the continuous score was not associated with subsequent participation (OR = 0.996, 95% CI: 0.927-1.070, p = 0.908). Multidimensional opportunity constraints were associated with a clear population-level gradient in subsequent weekly exercise participation. The null fixed-effects result indicates that this gradient should be interpreted as a between-person inequality rather than evidence of a short-term within-person causal association.

PMID 42719136
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