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nitroglycerin (Millisrol Tape)

✓ Approved

Nippon Kayaku Co.,Ltd. · 小分子 · 小分子

什么是 nitroglycerin？

nitroglycerin 是一种小分子，由Nippon Kayaku Co.,Ltd.研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Transdermal。

药物档案

商品名Millisrol Tape
公司Nippon Kayaku Co.,Ltd.
药物类别小分子
给药途径Transdermal
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Nippon Kayaku Co.,Ltd.

治疗适应症

nitroglycerin 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Cardiac disordersAngina pectoris✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedInternational journal of biological macromolecules2026-07-27

Donepezil nanocrystals-incorporated carboxymethyl cellulose nanopaste for high-payload transdermal delivery with improved skin compatibility.

Yang In Gyu IG, Heo Jae Yoon JY, Myung Jin Hyuk JH, Jeong Min Young MY et al.

Donepezil (DPZ), an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor for Alzheimer's disease, suffers from skin irritation during transdermal delivery. Herein, a drug high-payload nanopaste (NP) system was designed employing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) to enhance transdermal delivery of DPZ while mitigating cutaneous irritation. DPZ NPs (10, 20, and 27.5% w/v) were fabricated via wet bead-milling with low-molecular-weight CMC (90 K) to obtain submicron particles, followed by incorporation into high-molecular-weight CMC (700 K) matrix. The drug nanocrystals were uniformly distributed in the CMC matrix, preserving crystal size (505.6-563.8 nm), zeta potential (-48.93 to -51.95 mV), and crystallinity. Fourier-transform infrared analysis revealed the electrostatic interaction between the anionic polymers and drug nanocrystals. Pharmacokinetic evaluations in rats revealed that while the 10% NP achieved systemic absorption comparable to the commercial patch, the 20% NP provided a 2.1-fold higher transdermal absorption. Level A IVIVC analysis established a robust correlation (R2 > 0.96) between in vitro dissolution profile and in vivo absorption. Crucially, the CMC-based NPs showed markedly improved dermal tolerability, showing minimal hyperplasia and inflammation compared to acrylic-based commercial patches. Additionally, NPs were chemically stable under accelerated conditions without antioxidants. These findings suggest that CMC-based NP system of DPZ represents a biocompatible transdermal platform for long-term Alzheimer's therapy.

PMID 42503382
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PubMedCells2026-07-27

Membrane Fusion-Based Mirabilis Himalaica-Derived Exosome-like Nanoparticles Fused with Cell-Penetrating Peptide Mediated for Chebulinic Acid Delivery Against UVA-Induced Photoaging.

Zhao Weiwei W, Yang Siqi S, Liu Ruobing R, Liu Chaozhi C et al.

Exposure to ultraviolet (UV), particularly UVA radiation, is a primary driver of photoaging due to its deep dermal penetration, which triggers DNA damage, collagen degradation, and immune suppression. Chebulinic acid (CA), a polyphenolic compound from Terminalia chebula, exhibits potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties against UVB-induced skin damage. However, its large molecular weight hinders transdermal delivery and the TAT47-57 peptide (core of HIV-1 TAT) enables rapid transmembrane transport. Large particles with double-layer membrane structure and a diameter exceeding 1000 nm were obtained during the separation of plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PELNs), which are not considered as PELNs (50-500 nm), after a mixture with TAT anchored to the surface of engineered artificial vesicles (EAVs) and extrusion causes membrane fusion, employed as novel nanocarriers to overcome the difficulty in skin penetration by leveraging their lipid bilayer structure and surface membrane-anchored TAT for efficient epidermal fusion and intercellular penetration. Furthermore, CA-loaded TAT-ePELNs demonstrate significant efficacy in mitigating UVA-induced photoaging. Collectively, this study expands the anti-UVR damage application spectrum of CA from UVB to UVA exposure and establishes a green, efficient, and biosafe strategy for transdermal drug delivery by utilization of non-PELNs generated during the preparation process of PELNs.

PMID 42505345
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PubMedDiseases (Basel, Switzerland)2026-07-27

Trends in Fentanyl Dispensing in Spain: The Case of Galicia (2019-2025).

Vázquez-Prieto Severo S, Vaamonde Liste Antonio A

In recent years, numerous countries have recorded a steady increase in opioid use. Although prescribing practices vary considerably among them, fentanyl is among the most frequently prescribed strong opioids in several European countries and in Spain. In this study, we analyzed the evolution of outpatient fentanyl dispensing in Galicia, Spain, between January 2019 and December 2025, using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification/Defined Daily Dose (ATC/DDD) system. We paid particular attention to differences between provinces and explored temporal trends broken down by route of administration (buccal, nasal, sublingual and transdermal). Dispensing data were obtained from the General Sub-directorate of Pharmacy of the Galician Health Service (SERGAS) from the monthly billing database of official prescriptions dispensed in Galician pharmacies and were expressed as defined daily dose per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID). Dispensing rates between provinces were compared using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test, considering a p-value less than 0.05 as statistically significant. We observed an increase in fentanyl use between 2019 and 2021, followed by a systematic decrease during the 2022-2025 period. Significant differences (p < 0.001) were found in the defined daily dose per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID) among the four Galician provinces, and demographic and socioeconomic factors partially explain the observed disparities. Regarding pharmaceutical presentations, transdermal patches were the most frequently used form during the study period. While some limitations should be noted, the results suggest that the observed decrease in fentanyl dispensing in Galicia could be associated with the implementation of the Ministry of Health's 2021 optimization plan, with a sustained reduction in its dispensing from 2022 onwards. However, it is necessary to maintain pharmacovigilance at the provincial level.

PMID 42505564
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PubMedMembranes2026-07-27

Machine Learning-Driven Surrogate Modeling and Operating-Point Selection for a Microfluidic Diffusion-Membrane Platform for Transdermal Drug Delivery.

Torabi Tara T, Harasy Mahsa Jafar MJ, Tahmoresnezhad Jafar J, Malekmohammadi Samira S et al.

Microfluidic diffusion systems provide a powerful in vitro platform for evaluating transdermal drug delivery (TDD), yet their predictive capability is often constrained by limited experimental datasets and nonlinear transport behavior across membrane-device configurations. This study integrates machine learning (ML) with microfluidic experimentation to develop accurate and generalizable surrogate models for cumulative drug permeation under different hydrodynamic and membrane conditions. This work presents an ML-augmented microfluidic TDD framework for predicting cumulative drug permeation from small experimental datasets. Caffeine cream permeation was examined across twelve device-membrane configurations (sMDC, mMDC, and LiveBox2 paired with PET, CA, rat skin, and alginate) at three perfusion flow rates. For each configuration, SVR, MLP, RFR, GBR, XGB, and KNN models were trained and cross-validated using only 33 experimental measurements. SVR showed the strongest overall performance among the evaluated models, achieving test R2 values typically above 0.97 and RMSE values of <1-3 µg/cm2, accurately capturing the nonlinear time-flow-cumulative mass behavior of TDD profiles. A domain-bounded Gaussian-noise augmentation strategy was used to increase local sampling density while keeping augmented values within the experimentally observed time and cumulative-mass ranges. Polynomial equations were obtained from the predictions of SVR to capture the interaction between inputs and outputs. The trained SVR surrogates were then used for automated steady-state identification and surrogate-based operating-point selection, revealing the dependence of the selected flow rate on membrane permeability and device geometry. Alginate consistently delivered the highest steady-state cumulative mass across all systems (up to ~448 µg/cm2), establishing it as the most efficient TDD membrane among those evaluated. Finally, compact third-degree polynomial equations were derived from the SVR predictions, enabling explicit analytical prediction and rapid design-space exploration. Overall, these ML-derived models and analytical equations provide a fast, low-cost tool for predictive design, enabling rapid microfluidic system evaluation and operating-condition selection, and significantly accelerating the development and screening of next-generation TDD platforms.

PMID 42506204
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PubMedACS applied materials & interfaces2026-07-27

Engineering Tunable Microneedle Arrays Through Visible Light-Mediated PET-RAFT 3D Printing.

Wankhede Sahil Premprakash SP, Casado Mayo Laura L, Kearney Cathal J CJ, Bagheri Ali A et al.

3D printing has enabled the development of patient-specific drug delivery systems and medical devices. Here, we report the fabrication of microneedle arrays using visible light-mediated photoinduced electron/energy-transfer-reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerization via digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing. A series of formulations based on poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA), and the RAFT agent 2-(n-butyltrithiocarbonate)-propionic acid (BTPA) were systematically investigated by varying formulation composition and exposure conditions to evaluate their effects on printability and material properties. The results show that both formulation composition and exposure time influence the successful fabrication of stable microneedle structures. Optimized formulations produced well-defined microneedle arrays with tunable mechanical properties, exhibiting Young's modulus values of 6-13 MPa and fracture forces of 0.15-0.38 N per needle, exceeding the threshold required for skin penetration. Controlled insertion tests, supported by optical microscopy and optical coherence tomography (OCT), confirmed effective penetration without structural failure. In addition, drug-loaded microneedles demonstrated rapid hydration and diffusion-controlled release while maintaining comparable mechanical integrity after drug incorporation. In vitro biocompatibility studies using human dermal fibroblasts showed no statistically significant reduction in cell viability or metabolic activity following exposure to the printed microneedles. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the potential of visible light-mediated PET-RAFT DLP printing for the fabrication of mechanically robust and functionally tunable microneedle systems for transdermal drug delivery.

PMID 42504440
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PubMedGels (Basel, Switzerland)2026-07-27

Dextrin Palmitate and Disteardimonium Hectorite Construct a Gel-like EHMC Matrix: Enhanced UVB Photoprotection and Plasma Exposure Modulation.

Li Zhiwei Z, Liang Yonghang Y, Liu Chen C, Wang Weiyan W et al.

2-Ethylhexyl-4-methoxycinnamate (EHMC) is among the most widely adopted organic UVB filters in commercial sunscreens. Nevertheless, its practical application potential is limited by unfavorable formulation compatibility and safety risks stemming from systemic exposure after topical administration. In this study, an oil-continuous structured gel matrix consisting of EHMC, disteardimonium hectorite (DDH) and dextrin palmitate (DP) was constructed to enhance UVB photoprotection and modulate the plasma exposure profile of EHMC following topical application. Comprehensive characterizations including rheology, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, TGA and SEM collectively revealed that the combined incorporation of DDH and DP facilitates matrix structural rearrangement, enables EHMC to bind within the structured network, and promotes the formation of more intact continuous surface films. In vitro SPF assays demonstrated that the finished topical formulation SC-4 delivered superior UVB blocking efficacy compared with the EHMC-only control SC-1; furthermore, SC-4 exhibited improved short-term physical stability under the preset thermal and centrifugal acceleration test conditions. Follow-up skin safety assessments, mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) and pharmacokinetic assays verified that SC-4 elicited no remarkable acute skin irritation across all experimental conditions. Relative to SC-1, the reference formulation with EHMC as the sole UV filter, SC-4 displayed weaker EHMC-related distribution signals in skin tissues, accompanied by lower early plasma EHMC concentrations and a slightly lower AUC0-48h trend. Collectively, these findings indicate that DDH/DP co-assembly serves as a viable matrix-structuring strategy to modulate EHMC-related skin distribution and early plasma exposure. Further research into UVA blocking performance, photostability, skin retention and transdermal permeation profiles, as well as long-term storage stability, is required to advance the development of broad-spectrum sunscreen formulations built on this novel matrix platform.

PMID 42505245
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