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clotrimazole + betamethasone (Flotiran / Lotrisone / Lotricomb)

✓ Approved

Merck & Co. · NR3C1 · 小分子

什么是 clotrimazole + betamethasone？

clotrimazole + betamethasone 是一种小分子，由Merck & Co.研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Unknown。

药物档案

商品名Flotiran, Lotrisone, Lotricomb
公司Merck & Co.
药物类别小分子
分子靶点NR3C1,
给药途径Unknown
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Merck & Co.

作用机制

分子靶点

clotrimazole + betamethasone 作用于 2 个分子靶点：

NR3C1nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 (GR, GCCR)
sterol demethylase, Candida albicans (ERG11)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

clotrimazole + betamethasone 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Infections and infestationsWound infection fungal✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedChemical & pharmaceutical bulletin2026-09-09

Evaluation of Water-Related T2 Relaxation Behavior in Hot-Melt Extruded Clotrimazole/PVPVA Solid Dispersions Using Time-Domain NMR.

Okada Kotaro K, Fujiyama Koharu K, Onuki Yoshinori Y

Hot-melt extrusion (HME) is widely used to prepare polymer-based solid dispersions (SDs), but evaluating trace water-related changes in HME-prepared SDs remains challenging. In this study, time-domain NMR (TD-NMR) was applied to clotrimazole/Polyvinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate (PVPVA) SDs prepared by HME to evaluate T2 relaxation behavior associated with low water content. The water content was determined by Karl Fischer titration and thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis. T2 relaxation curves were obtained by TD-NMR and analyzed using curve-fitting analysis and partial least squares (PLS) regression. Characteristic oscillatory behavior was observed in the T2 relaxation curves of the low-moisture samples. Fitting analysis using a Gaussian function with an offset term showed that the offset ratio was associated with the water content measured by both methods. PLS regression analysis using the signal intensities constituting the T2 relaxation curves as input variables predicted the Karl Fischer water content with relatively good accuracy. The analysis of variable importance in projection, which evaluates the contribution of each input variable to the PLS model, indicated that the time region of the T2 relaxation curve contributing to the prediction corresponded to the region where oscillatory relaxation behavior was observed. These findings suggest that the oscillatory T2 relaxation behavior was associated with water content within the present sample set and may reflect markedly restricted molecular mobility under low-moisture conditions, indicating that TD-NMR may be useful as a nondestructive approach for evaluating water-related physical property changes in the HME-prepared clotrimazole/PVPVA SDs.

PMID 42716790
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PubMedJournal of orthopaedic case reports2026-09-09

Clinical Outcomes of Clinico-radiologically Predetermined Patient Specific Multi-site Steroid Injection in Primary Frozen Shoulder: A Prospective Case Series.

Patel Vraj V, Rampurwala Aliasgar A, Joshi Dhwanil D, Shah Stavan S et al.

Frozen shoulder (FS) is characterized by shoulder pain and progressive restriction of the range of motion, for which treatment is aimed at pain relief, improving shoulder function and shortening the course of the condition. Consensus does indeed lean significantly toward conservative management, but choosing the best non-surgical modality can be overwhelming with regards to the myriads of options available and the lack of homogeneity in the literature, which precludes comparability. This led us to design the present case series. Clinico-radiologically predetermined intra-articular and landmark-based multisite betamethasone injection technique yields satisfactory pain relief and improves range of motion (ROM) and clinical outcomes in FS. Patients clinically diagnosed as having primary FS, confirmed by an ultrasound and X-ray of the affected shoulder, were included in the study over a span of 3 years (n - 94). During clinical examination, joint line and bursae were palpated for tenderness. The steroid preparation consisted of 8 mg of betamethasone (4 mg/mL vial) diluted with 8 mL of 2% plain lignocaine. 5 mL of this steroid preparation was injected intra-articularly and the remaining divided among the areas of tenderness and inflammation pre-determined clinically or radiologically by ultrasound. The injections were administered by a single shoulder surgeon, after which physiotherapy was performed for 8 weeks. Follow-up was done at 2, 4, and 8 weeks, during which ROM, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), American Shoulder and Elbow Scoring System (ASES) and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) were evaluated. Statistically significant differences in pre-injection and post-injection values for the following parameters were noted: Mean abduction, forward flexion and external rotation improved from 124 to 167 degrees (P = 0.001), from 123 to 169 degrees (P = 0.040) and from 26 to 50 degrees (P = 0.009), respectively. The mean ASES score improved from 28.8 to 88.9 (P = 0.001), the mean VAS score decreased from 6.7 to 0.7, while the mean internal rotation improved by 3.5 vertebral levels during the same timelines. The results of our study demonstrate that intra-articular combined with clinico-radiologically predetermined patient-specific landmark-based multisite steroid infiltration using betamethasone leads to a remarkable reduction in pain as well as significant improvement in ROM and clinical outcomes in FS.

PMID 42713384
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PubMedNeurobiology of disease2026-09-09

Neuronal monocarboxylate transporter 2 is downregulated and aggravates seizures in a rat model of infantile epileptic spasms.

Liu Jiayu J, Chen Jie J, Lin Haohan H, Wang Duan D et al.

Infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS) is an age-dependent epileptic encephalopathy of the developing brain, yet its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Monocarboxylate transporter 2 (MCT2) maintains cerebral metabolic homeostasis via energy substrate transport, but its role in IESS epileptogenesis is unknown. We found that MCT2 was predominantly expressed in neurons and downregulated in IESS patient specimens. In contrast, in human temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) specimens, MCT2 expression showed no statistically significant difference relative to controls. We observed this downregulation of neuronal MCT2 in an IESS rat model. Transcriptomic analysis 24 h post-spasms revealed enrichment in mitochondrial pathways and oxidative phosphorylation. Consistently, translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20 (TOMM20) was markedly downregulated in the cortex of IESS patients and a betamethasone/N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-induced rat model, which also displayed ultrastructural mitochondrial damage, reactive oxygen species accumulation, and an imbalanced Bax/Bcl-xL ratio. Using adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated MCT2 knockdown in neonatal rat somatosensory cortex, reduced MCT2 expression significantly shortened latency to spasm onset, increased spasm frequency, and exacerbated post-spasm TOMM20 loss. These findings indicate that impaired MCT2-mediated transport may compromise mitochondrial function and lower the threshold for spasm generation, a characteristic feature of this infantile-onset epilepsy. Neuronal MCT2 thus represents a promising therapeutic target for IESS.

PMID 42716231
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PubMedReports of practical oncology and radiotherapy : journal of Greatpoland Cancer Center in Poznan and Polish Society of Radiation Oncology2026-09-06

A systematic review: management of radiation-induced moist desquamation.

Raja Sneha S, Kuppusamy Sujatha S, Johnson Christian Gnanaraj CG, Jayram Jayasutha J et al.

Radiotherapy is a cornerstone in cancer treatment, but is frequently correlated with acute cutaneous toxicity, particularly in patients with head, neck, and breast cancers. This systematic review evaluates the efficacy of interventions for managing grade III moist desquamation among various cancer patients receiving radiotherapy. A total of 676 studies were screened, and 10 randomised controlled trials were analysed based on inclusion criteria. Interventions such as Mepitel Film, boron-based gel, and 0.1% Mometasone Furoate demonstrated significant efficacy in reducing the incidence and severity of moist desquamation compared to standard creams or placebo. Hydroactive colloid gels and aloe vera showed promise in alleviating symptoms and improving treatment adherence. Betamethasone effectively reduced grade 2 dermatitis but limitedly impacted severe grade 3 reactions. The findings highlight the importance of tailoring interventions to individual patient needs and emphasize the need for further studies to validate treatments, explore long-term outcomes, and improve patient quality of life during radiotherapy.

PMID 42699636
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PubMedCureus2026-09-06

Psoriasiform Dermatitis Following JAK Inhibitor Therapy for Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Crohn's Disease.

Caussade-Silvestrini Gerardo S GS, Gerena-Maldonado Cristina P CP, Rodríguez-Rivera Rafael E RE, Alvarado-Ramos Natalia A NA et al.

Upadacitinib, a selective JAK1 inhibitor approved for hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) and Crohn's disease (CD), has been implicated in paradoxical inflammatory reactions; however, upadacitinib-induced psoriasiform dermatitis in patients treated for HS has not been previously described to the best of our knowledge. We report a 55-year-old woman with HS, CD, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus, receiving upadacitinib 30 mg daily, who developed a pruritic erythematous scaly plaque on the lower back without personal or family history of psoriasis. Punch biopsy demonstrated psoriasiform dermatitis with acanthosis, focal hypogranulosis, uniform elongation of rete ridges, spongiosis, parakeratosis, and a superficial perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate. Given upadacitinib's established efficacy for both HS and CD, the drug was continued, and topical augmented betamethasone dipropionate was initiated, achieving adequate control at two-week follow-up. This case inverts the established paradigm in which JAK inhibitors serve as rescue agents for paradoxical reactions triggered by anti-TNF-α biologics. Comparable psoriasiform eruptions have been reported with baricitinib and tofacitinib, primarily in rheumatoid arthritis, a comorbidity present in our patient and an important interpretive caveat. We hypothesize that interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)-mediated STAT1 dysregulation intrinsic to HS pathogenesis may lower the threshold for JAK inhibitor-induced immune imbalance, although this mechanism remains speculative and warrants further investigation. Paradoxically, upadacitinib has also resolved psoriasiform eruptions in HS, underscoring the bidirectional and unpredictable nature of JAK1 inhibitor-mediated immune modulation. Psoriasiform dermatitis may represent a paradoxical cutaneous reaction to upadacitinib in patients with HS, warranting vigilant dermatologic monitoring and further investigation into individual susceptibility factors.

PMID 42699819
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PubMedDrug testing and analysis2026-09-04

Population Pharmacokinetics and Detection Times of Betamethasone After Intravenous, Intramuscular, and Intranasal Jet Administration of Betamethasone Sodium Phosphate in Horses.

Kuroda Taisuke T, Machnik Marc M, Thevis Mario M, Minamijima Yohei Y et al.

Betamethasone sodium phosphate (BETP) is a glucocorticosteroid used in humans. The primary objective was to estimate irrelevant plasma (IPC) and urine (IUC) concentrations using a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic approach based on systemic clearance estimated from intravenous (IV) pharmacokinetic data. As a secondary objective, detection times (DTs) following IV, intramuscular (IM), and intranasal jet (INJ) administration were estimated for medication control. Plasma and urine concentrations were obtained from a total of 20 horses in Japan and Germany, with some horses contributing to more than one route after single IV (0.06 mg/kg, n = 7; 0.04 mg/kg, n = 8), single IM (20 mg/horse, n = 7), and multiple INJ (4 mg/horse for 5 days, n = 6) administration. The data were analyzed using a nonlinear mixed-effects model. The plasma clearance was 276 mL/kg/h, and the steady-state urine-to-plasma ratio was 25.8. For IV administration at 0.06 and 0.04 mg/kg every 24 h, the IPCs were 0.018 and 0.012 ng/mL, and the corresponding IUCs were 0.47 and 0.31 ng/mL, with the latter IUC close to the current International Federation of Horseracing Authorities international screening limit (ISL) (0.2 ng/mL). All horses fell below the ISL within 72 h after single IV administration at 0.06 and 0.04 mg/kg and after single IM administration, whereas all horses fell below the ISL within 48 h after INJ administration. The applicability of the estimated DTs should be interpreted according to the regulatory framework governing the use of human BETP formulations and their routes of administration in the relevant jurisdiction.

PMID 42693754
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