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metronidazole (Elyzol / Pernyzol / Elyzol Dental Gel)

✓ Approved

Pfizer, Inc. · 小分子 · 小分子

什么是 metronidazole？

metronidazole 是一种小分子，由Pfizer, Inc.研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Topical。

药物档案

商品名Elyzol, Pernyzol, Elyzol Dental Gel
公司Pfizer, Inc.
药物类别小分子
给药途径Topical
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Pfizer, Inc.

治疗适应症

metronidazole 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Infections and infestationsPeriodontitis✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedBiophotonics discovery2026-09-10

Label-free quantification of topical drug permeation in skin using sparse spectral sampling stimulated Raman scattering imaging.

Tu Dandan D, Riseman Jackson J, Wei Yuxiao Y, Ghosh Priyanka P et al.

Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) imaging has been used in evaluating topical drug product permeation. However, it has been mainly applied to a small group of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) that have unique molecular bands which generate a prominent SRS signal against the background signal. The requirement of such unique molecular bands has been a large hurdle to generalizing SRS imaging to study a wide range of pharmaceutical molecules. To overcome this barrier, an imaging method based on sparse spectral sampling stimulated Raman scattering (S4RS) microscopy and multivariate analysis was developed in this study. Rather than relying on a single unique and strong peak, the API was specifically resolved using combined information from multiple wavenumbers across its spectrum. The workflow of applying this method to study APIs is demonstrated using metronidazole as an example. The sparse vibrational bands were first selected using Elastic-Net. Next, the metronidazole signal was unmixed from the compound signal of the skin-drug product mixture using multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS). The developed method demonstrated good capability in identifying the metronidazole signal in standard metronidazole-containing samples, including polymer films and skin samples treated with and without the drug product. This method enabled evaluation of the cutaneous pharmacokinetics (cPK) of metronidazole in ex vivo skin samples. Bioequivalence analysis was also completed for commercial drug products and laboratory-made control formulations containing metronidazole. The developed method enables the study of APIs that lack a unique prominent peak, thereby bridging SRS imaging to a broader range of drug products.

PMID 42719847
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PubMedOral health & preventive dentistry2026-09-10

Oral and Periodontal Manifestations in Systemic Sclerosis: A Comprehensive Review of Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, and Management Strategies.

Meer Rayan R

Systemic sclerosis is a connective tissue disorder that presents with various orofacial manifestations, which may influence oral health status and complicate dental management. This review sought to identify the oral and periodontal signs linked to systemic sclerosis, examine the specific oral health challenges faced by individuals with this condition, and outline their potential oral healthcare requirements. A review of the available literature was undertaken to evaluate the reported oral and periodontal manifestations associated with systemic sclerosis and to assess their clinical implications. Orofacial manifestations of systemic sclerosis include skin fibrosis, reduced mouth opening, dry mouth, and difficulty swallowing, as well as a potential increased risk of tooth decay, periodontal disease, and oral cancer. These oral and periodontal characteristics, along with their associated complications, improve the understanding and anticipation of oral healthcare requirements for affected patients. Recognition of the oral and periodontal features of systemic sclerosis emphasizes the importance of raising awareness among dental professionals to enhance treatment planning and improve the quality of dental care delivered to this patient population.

PMID 42720401
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PubMedCureus2026-09-10

Association Between Personal and Family History of Cardiovascular Disease and Periodontal Interproximal Clinical Attachment Loss: A Cross-Sectional Study.

AlHendi Bader B, Yu Yau-Hua YH, Natto Zuhair S ZS

Periodontitis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are chronic inflammatory conditions that share several common risk factors, including smoking, diabetes, and socioeconomic factors. Previous studies have reported associations between periodontal disease and cardiovascular outcomes; however, most investigations have relied on composite periodontal case definitions. Interproximal clinical attachment loss (iCAL) represents a direct clinical indicator of cumulative periodontal destruction. This study aimed to investigate the association between personal and family history of CVD and periodontal attachment loss using nationally representative data from the United States. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2014 data were analyzed. Adults ≥30 years with full-mouth periodontal examinations were included. Periodontal status was assessed using maximal iCAL, categorized as 0-2, 3-4, 5-6, and ≥7 mm. Personal history of CVD included self-reported myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, or angina. Survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression evaluated associations between iCAL and personal or family history of CVD, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, education, income-to-poverty ratio, and remaining teeth. Personal and family history of CVD were analyzed in separate samples due to differing covariate completeness. A total of 11,675 participants (personal CVD analysis) and 11,460 (family history analysis) were included. Participants with a personal history of CVD were older, had higher BMI, and fewer remaining teeth. In survey-weighted models, iCAL 5-6 mm was associated with personal CVD history both before and after full adjustment (odds ratio (OR), 1.56; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04-2.34; p = 0.032); iCAL 7+ mm attenuated to nonsignificance after full adjustment (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 0.97-2.23; p = 0.065). Family history of CVD was associated with greater tooth loss (OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.07-1.55) and having ≤20 remaining teeth (OR, 1.27; 95% CI. 1.06-1.51; p = 0.010), but not with edentulism (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 0.94-2.05; p = 0.100) or periodontal attachment loss (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.92-1.31) after weighting. All analyses were survey-weighted using NHANES design variables merged from the demographics files. Personal history of CVD was independently associated with moderate periodontal attachment loss (iCAL 5-6 mm) after full adjustment, while the most severe category attenuated to nonsignificance. Family history of CVD was associated with tooth loss but not directly with periodontal attachment loss. Given the cross-sectional design, causal interpretation is not warranted; longitudinal studies are needed to clarify these relationships.

PMID 42718903
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PubMedFrontiers in dental medicine2026-09-10

Micro- and nanoplastics in periodontitis: mechanistic pathways and clinical implications.

Ganesan Bharathi B, Shenoy Nina N

Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) are increasingly recognized as pervasive environmental contaminants with potential relevance to oral and periodontal health. The oral cavity is continuously exposed to MNPs through water, food, air, oral-care products, and polymer-based dental materials, placing periodontal tissues at a plausible interface between environmental exposure and chronic inflammation. Emerging evidence suggests that MNPs can aggravate biologic processes central to periodontitis, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory signaling, epithelial barrier disruption, dysbiosis, inflammasome activation, and imbalanced bone remodeling. MNPs may also act as colonization surfaces for biofilm development, alter microbial selection pressures, and contribute to antibiotic resistance gene enrichment, although direct evidence for an oral plastisphere remains limited. Epigenetic changes, including altered DNA methylation, histone marks, and microRNA profiles, provide an additional mechanism by which MNP exposure may sustain inflammatory priming. Current evidence remains predominantly preclinical, and contamination-controlled studies directly quantifying oral MNP burden in relation to periodontal phenotype are still lacking. This review summarizes current evidence on oral exposure pathways, mechanistic links between MNPs and periodontal breakdown, translational implications, and priorities for future research. Present data support viewing MNPs as plausible environmental modifiers of periodontitis rather than established independent causal agents.

PMID 42719219
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PubMedFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology2026-09-10

Graphene quantum dots remodel osteogenesis of human periodontal ligament stem cells under inflammatory microenvironment: an in vitro and in vivo study.

Deng Sicheng S, Wu Xiaona X, Chen Shaoyong S, Xie Yulu Y et al.

This study aims to provide experimental basis that underpins the potential application of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) as a therapeutic strategy for periodontitis. An inflammatory circumstance was established by Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (P.g-LPS). The effects of GQDs on human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation in vitro were assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), Transwell assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red S (ARS) staining, ALP activity and ARS semi-quantification. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa). The underlying osteogenic mechanism was initially explored by mRNA sequencing (mRNA-Seq) and further correlated with gene and protein expression changes via quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot (WB) analysis. Furthermore, the in vivo efficacy and biosafety of GQDs were evaluated in a rat periodontitis model using micro computed tomography (Micro-CT) and histomorphometric analysis. In vitro, GQDs exhibited favorable cytocompatibility and enhanced the viability, migration, osteogenesis of hPDLSCs under normal conditions. In inflammatory microenvironment, GQDs significantly counteracted the suppression of P.g-LPS on hPDLSCs proliferation, migration, osteogenic differentiation, and notably reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Mechanistically, mRNA-Seq identified the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways as potentially associated in the osteogenic modulation of GQDs on hPDLSCs in both normal and inflammatory settings. Subsequent validation showed that GQDs upregulated the mRNA and total protein levels of p38, PI3K, and Akt. In vivo, local administration of GQDs attenuated alveolar bone resorption, suppressed osteoclast activity and formation, and reduced inflammatory infiltration with no observable systemic toxicity. GQDs possess the capacity to counteract inflammation-induced damage and promote osteogenic restoration both in vitro and in vivo, highlighting their potential dual functionality in periodontal regeneration.

PMID 42719139
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PubMedInternational journal of dental hygiene2026-09-10

Integrating Supragingival Scaling and Biofilm Management Into Breast Cancer Patients' Care.

Villafuerte Kelly R V KRV, Reis Francisco J Candido Dos FJCD, Carrara Hélio H A HHA, Martinez Cristhiam H CH et al.

The study was designed as a quasi-experimental clinical trial to evaluate the impact of chemotherapy on periodontal conditions, haematology and salivary flow in patients with breast cancer and gingivitis, after supragingival scaling. They were divided into patients with breast cancer and gingivitis (BC/G = 20); and patients without cancer with gingivitis (G = 20). Clinical parameters [Plaque Index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), Probing Depth (PD), Clinical Attachment Level (CAL)], haematological parameters (complete blood count) and salivary flow were evaluated at baseline, 6, 12 and 24 weeks. After supragingival scaling, both groups exhibited a reduction in BOP and PI. However, the group without cancer (G) showed a significantly (p < 0.05) greater reduction at weeks 12 and 24 compared to the group with cancer (BC/G). In the haematological parameters, the G group showed higher haemoglobin and red blood cell levels than the BC/G group at 6, 12 and 24 weeks (p < 0.05). The salivary flow rate was decreased at 6, 12 and 24 weeks in cancer patients (< 0.3 mL/min); however, they did not show hyposalivation (< 0.1 mL/min). Chemotherapy negatively impacts periodontal conditions, making it difficult to control inflammation, affects haematological parameters and reduces salivary flow rate, although without causing hyposalivation. This highlights the need for the application of supragingival scaling with strict biofilm control in breast cancer patients.

PMID 42717305
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