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budesonide (Xavin / Pulairmax / Aerosial)

✓ Approved

Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. · NR3C1 · 小分子

什么是 budesonide？

budesonide 是一种小分子，由Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Inhaled。

药物档案

商品名Xavin, Pulairmax, Aerosial
公司Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
药物类别小分子
分子靶点NR3C1
给药途径Inhaled
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.

作用机制

分子靶点

budesonide 作用于 1 个分子靶点：

NR3C1nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 (GR, GCCR)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

budesonide 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersAsthma✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedMedical sciences (Basel, Switzerland)2026-07-27

Faecal Calprotectin: A Non-Invasive Marker for Diagnosing and Monitoring Acute Diverticulitis.

Mohammed Aamer A, Baig Yahiya Y, Butler Alexandra E AE

Acute diverticulitis (AD) is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder with a significant recurrence rate. Faecal calprotectin (FC) is a non-invasive biomarker of intestinal inflammation, but its role in diagnosing and monitoring diverticulitis remains to be fully established. This narrative review aims to evaluate the current evidence on the utility of FC in the diagnosis, severity assessment, prediction of recurrence, and monitoring of therapeutic response in patients with diverticular disease (DD) and AD. A structured literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect for peer-reviewed original studies published in English between 2004 and April 2025. The search strategy combined terms related to diverticular disease and faecal calprotectin. Studies reporting original data on FC in DD were synthesised narratively. FC demonstrates significant utility across multiple clinical applications in DD. For diagnosis, FC is markedly elevated in AD (mean 556-695 μg/g) and symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease (SUDD) (median 181 μg/g), while remaining normal in irritable bowel syndrome (mean 50 μg/g), enabling differentiation between organic and functional disorders. FC correlates strongly with endoscopic disease severity, with positivity rates increasing from 48.6% in DICA 1 to 93.2% in DICA 3 (p < 0.0001). For predicting recurrence, elevated FC identifies patients at high risk, with one study reporting 87.5% of recurrent cases showing prior FC elevation and a negative predictive value of 96.8%. FC also exhibits excellent short-term prognostic capacity (AUC 0.976 at 3 months) and responds to therapeutic intervention, with significant reductions following successful treatment with probiotics, nutraceuticals, budesonide, and other agents. FC is a promising non-invasive biomarker for diagnosing diverticulitis, assessing disease severity, predicting recurrence, and monitoring treatment response. Its ability to detect subclinical inflammation makes it particularly useful for risk stratification. However, the current evidence base consists predominantly of retrospective and observational studies, and standardised thresholds require further validation through prospective trials before routine clinical implementation can be recommended.

PMID 42506375
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PubMedActa anaesthesiologica Scandinavica2026-07-24

Impact of Regional Hepatic Immunosuppression With Budesonide on Bacterial Elimination in Porcine Abdominal Sepsis.

Hanslin Katja K, Skorup Paul P, Wilske Frida F, Larsson Anders A et al.

The liver is essential for bacterial elimination, preventing intestinal bacteria from entering the systemic circulation, and for producing inflammatory cytokines. Glucocorticoids have been reported to exert heterogeneous effects on bacterial clearance in sepsis. Using a porcine model of gram-negative abdominal sepsis, we investigated how portal venous administration of budesonide, a glucocorticoid with extensive hepatic first-pass metabolism, affects hepatic bacterial and endotoxin elimination as well as the systemic inflammatory response, in comparison with systemic administration and no treatment. The Portal Steroid-Sepsis (Sep-Port, n = 8) and Systemic Steroid-Sepsis (Sep-Syst, n = 8) groups were administered budesonide in the portal vein or systemically, followed by an E. coli infusion for 3 h in the portal vein. The Septic Controls (Sep-Ctrl, n = 8) received saline instead of budesonide. Non-septic Controls (NSep-Port, n = 3) were treated only with portal budesonide. Portal, arterial, and hepatic venous bacterial counts were analyzed hourly during the bacterial infusion. The levels of endotoxin and inflammatory cytokines were measured. There was no difference in hepatic/portal venous bacterial count ratios. However, the arterial and hepatic venous bacterial counts were higher in the Sep-Syst compared to Sep-Port group (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively), while microbiological findings were similar in the Sep-Port and Sep-Ctrl groups. Hepatic endotoxin elimination did not differ between the groups. IL-10 levels were higher in the Sep-Port compared to the Sep-Syst group at 1 h (p < 0.01), and IL-6 levels were lower in the Sep-Port compared to the Sep-Ctrl after the bacterial infusion (p < 0.05). In this experimental sepsis model, hepatic bacterial elimination was unaffected by portal or systemic budesonide, whereas systemic administration was associated with increased systemic bacterial levels. Endotoxin clearance was unaffected by budesonide. Portal budesonide elicited a more pronounced anti-inflammatory response compared to systemic administration. These findings suggest that hepatic exposure to budesonide may modulate the inflammatory response while limiting adverse effects on systemic bacterial clearance. Glucocorticoids are widely used in sepsis management, yet their effects on bacterial clearance is incompletely understood. In this porcine model of gram-negative abdominal sepsis, portal venous delivery of budesonide (which has ~90% hepatic first-pass metabolism) preserved bacterial elimination and enhanced the early anti-inflammatory response, without the increase in systemic bacterial levels seen with systemic administration. These results demonstrate that route of delivery as a potentially important determinant of the risk-benefit balance of glucocorticoid therapy in sepsis, and support further investigation of hepatic-targeting strategies.

PMID 42493472
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PubMedJournal of pharmaceutical sciences2026-07-24

Salbutamol sulfate and budesonide inhalation suspension for inhalation therapy: In vivo and in vitro evaluation.

Zhang Chao C, Bi Yunqi Y, Wang Zengming Z, Tang Zhiqiang Z et al.

Nebulized inhalation therapy is widely used for the treatment of acute exacerbations of asthma and COPD, in which budesonide (BUD) and salbutamol sulfate (SA) are commonly combined for synergistic anti-inflammatory and bronchodilatory effects. However, the in vitro and in vivo performance of such combination formulations remains insufficiently characterized. This study systematically evaluated the aerodynamic behavior, dissolution profiles, and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of BUD and SA inhalation suspensions. Suspensions with different volume median diameters (VMDs) were prepared by high-pressure homogenization, and their nebulization performance was assessed. Aerosol particle size distribution and pulmonary deposition were analyzed using a next-generation impactor (NGI) and a CT-based human nasal-throat airway model. The combination formulation showed a slightly higher fine particle fraction but a marginally lower total delivered dose than the single-drug formulations, with comparable droplet size and surface tension, suggesting possible aerosol interactions between the two drugs. Similar upper airway deposition was observed for both formulations, whereas pulmonary deposition was slightly reduced for the combination. In vitro dissolution studies demonstrated rapid release of SA and sustained release of BUD. In an acute lung injury model, the combination significantly improved lung histopathology and reduced TNF-α and IL-6 levels, showing superior anti-inflammatory efficacy compared with monotherapy. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed comparable SA exposure and increased BUD Cmax and AUC in the combination formulation. Overall, the combination formulation exhibited stable aerosolization characteristics, coordinated drug release behavior, and improved pharmacodynamic performance, while increasing the systemic exposure of budesonide without significantly affecting the pharmacokinetics of salbutamol.

PMID 42492788
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PubMedAdvances in respiratory medicine2026-07-24

Utilization Patterns of Nebulized Glycopyrronium in Patients Hospitalized for Acute Exacerbations of Obstructive Airway Disease (AEOAD)-Indian Expert Perspectives.

Khanna Arjun A, Waghray Pradyut P, Singh Ashok Kr AK, Mehta Jinay J et al.

Background: Acute exacerbation of obstructive airway disease (AEOAD) is a major cause of hospitalization, morbidity, and premature mortality in India. Hospitalized patients for the same are predominantly treated with short-acting bronchodilators, which require frequent administration and are associated with systemic adverse effects. Despite the availability of nebulized long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) with quick onset of action, such as glycopyrronium, their role in acute care remains unclear in India. Methods: A pan-India expert opinion-building initiative was conducted among 220 pulmonologists across Tier I-II cities through 13 structured advisory meetings between April 2025 and July 2025. The final expert perspectives were then categorized into recurrent insights, raised in 75% or more meetings, and variable insights, raised in <75% of all meetings. Results: Experts reported that AEOAD management commonly involved initial stabilization with SABA/SAMA followed by transition to triple therapy with nebulized glycopyrronium, formoterol, and budesonide. Nebulized glycopyrronium was perceived to provide rapid and sustained bronchodilation with fewer cardiovascular side effects compared to short-acting agents. Benefits were reported in patients with frequent exacerbations, high sputum burden, and bronchiectasis. Operational advantages included reduced dosing frequency and nursing workload. Experts also noted potential improvements in hospital stay and readmissions; however, these observations were based on clinical experience rather than controlled data. Conclusions: Indian pulmonologists agreed that early initiation of nebulized glycopyrronium (with formoterol and budesonide) in hospitalized AEOAD may improve symptom control, lower exacerbation burden, reduce reliance on short-acting bronchodilators and corticosteroids, and shorten hospital stays.

PMID 42496252
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PubMedJPGN reports2026-07-24

Effects of post-hepatic portoenterostomy adjuvant therapy on liver transplantation in children with biliary atresia: A systematic review.

de Almeida Silva Bianca Ferraz BF, Nascimento Cerqueira Alice Palmeira AP, Marques Breno Oliveira BO, de Carvalho Laguna Gabriela Garcia GG et al.

Biliary atresia (BA) is a cholangiopathy characterized by obstruction of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts. Hepatic portoenterostomy (HPE) is the primary palliative treatment and there is still an urgent need to improve post-HPE management. This study aims to identify post-HPE adjuvant therapies associated with reducing or delaying the need for liver transplantation in children with BA. This systematic review was registered on the PROSPERO platform (ID: CRD42024553671). Studies were extracted from the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Lilacs, and Scielo. Original articles published between 2003 and 2025 in English, Portuguese, and Spanish were included, while studies involving adults, animals, or unrelated topics were excluded. A total of 870 studies were identified, and after applying eligibility criteria, 16 articles were selected. The studies indicated that corticosteroids alone as adjuvant therapy were not associated with improved native liver survival. However, observational studies indicated that corticosteroid therapy combined with antibiotics, anticholestatics, and immunoglobulin may be associated with improvements in jaundice, although only two studies reported increased liver survival. Rectal budesonide demonstrated promising short and long-term results in children with nonsyndromic BA. The use of adjuvant therapy after HPE was associated with improvements in jaundice and cholangitis and, in some studies, with increased liver survival. However, the findings are conflicting and heterogeneous. Further research is needed, with standardized therapeutic approaches to enable more comprehensive analyses.

PMID 42494429
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PubMedAmerican journal of translational research2026-07-23

Short-term efficacy of nebulized budesonide for allergic airway inflammation in young children and dynamic changes in fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO): a retrospective cohort study.

Chen Xia X, Xiao Qiang Q

Allergic airway inflammation in young children with recurrent wheezing may precede asthma. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) may reflect type 2 airway inflammation. To evaluate the short-term effectiveness and safety of nebulized budesonide and dynamic FeNO changes in children aged 6 to 36 months. We retrospectively analyzed 548 children treated between January 2023 and February 2025, with follow-up through June 2025. Children receiving standard care plus nebulized budesonide (n = 286) were compared to those on standard care alone (n = 262). Outcomes included clinical response, symptom-resolution time, serial FeNO, inflammatory biomarkers, three-month recurrence and adverse events. Overall response at day 7 was higher with budesonide than in the control group (92.7% vs. 80.9%; χ2 = 16.71, P < 0.001), and systemic corticosteroid rescue was less frequent (1.05% vs. 4.20%; Fisher exact P = 0.028). Wheeze resolution time was shorter (3.2 ± 1.1 vs. 5.1 ± 1.6 days; P < 0.001). FeNO decreased more in the budesonide group from baseline to day 28 (22.6 ± 6.4 to 9.8 ± 3.2 ppb) than in controls (22.4 ± 6.7 to 14.5 ± 4.6 ppb; P < 0.001 for change). Three-month recurrence was lower with budesonide (14.7% vs. 27.5%; χ2 = 13.59, P < 0.001), with no increase in adverse events. Nebulized budesonide added to standard care was associated with improved short-term clinical outcome, greater FeNO reduction, and lower three-month recurrence in young children with allergic airway inflammation.

PMID 42491180
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