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budesonide (Xavin / Pulairmax / Aerosial)

✓ Approved

Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. · NR3C1 · 小分子

什么是 budesonide？

budesonide 是一种小分子，由Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Inhaled。

药物档案

商品名Xavin, Pulairmax, Aerosial
公司Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
药物类别小分子
分子靶点NR3C1
给药途径Inhaled
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.

作用机制

分子靶点

budesonide 作用于 1 个分子靶点：

NR3C1nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 (GR, GCCR)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

budesonide 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersAsthma✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedAdvances in respiratory medicine2026-10-26

Deciphering the Benefits and Risks of Single-Inhaler Triple Therapy in COPD.

Kopitovic Ivan I, Dimic-Janjic Sanja S, Stjepanovic Mihailo M, Hromis Sanja S et al.

Single-inhaler triple therapy (SITT) combines an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS; for example, fluticasone furoate, budesonide, or beclometasone dipropionate), a long-acting β2-agonist (LABA; for example, vilanterol or formoterol fumarate), and a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA; for example, umeclidinium or glycopyrronium bromide) in one device. Triple pharmacological therapy reduces exacerbations in selected patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but its effects on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes remain uncertain. This structured narrative review summarizes randomized trials, observational comparative-effectiveness studies, target trial emulations, systematic reviews, and health technology assessments published between 2015 and 2026. We grouped the evidence by comparator: LABA/LAMA, ICS/LABA, multiple-inhaler triple therapy (MITT), and ICS continuation versus withdrawal, because each comparison addresses a different clinical question. Pivotal trials and evidence syntheses consistently showed fewer moderate-to-severe exacerbations with triple therapy, with reported rate ratios of approximately 0.69-0.93. Mortality signals from IMPACT and ETHOS are clinically important, but previous ICS use and ICS withdrawal among participants assigned to ICS-free comparators make these findings difficult to interpret. Observational cardiovascular findings are also uncertain because residual confounding, treatment selection, exposure misclassification, outcome misclassification, and differences in baseline disease severity limit causal interpretation. Compared with MITT, the main advantages of SITT are simpler treatment and possible improvements in adherence and persistence, not greater pharmacological potency. Treatment decisions should consider exacerbation history, repeated blood eosinophil counts, pneumonia risk, cardiovascular disease, previous ICS exposure and response, inhaler technique, device suitability, and patient preference. Trials in patients with documented absence of previous ICS use and well-designed target trial emulations are needed to determine whether the observed mortality and cardiovascular associations are causal.

PMID 42930048
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PubMedClinical oral investigations2026-10-25

Contemporary bulk-fill restorative materials under simulated asthma inhalation therapy: a comparative assessment of surface stability.

Misilli Tuğba T, Yenidünya Özge Gizem ÖG, Çelik Enes E

To compare the surface stability of four contemporary bulk-fill restorative materials following simulated 21-day antiasthmatic inhalation therapy, and to investigate the relationships among the resulting surface changes. One hundred ninety-two disc-shaped specimens (8 × 2 mm) were prepared from four bulk-fill restorative materials: a nanofilled composite (Filtek One Bulk), an alkasite (Cention Forte), a giomer (Beautifil-Bulk) and a self-cure composite (Stela Capsule) (n = 8 per subgroup). Specimens were exposed once daily for 21 days via nebulizer to budesonide, fluticasone, salbutamol, budesonide + salbutamol, or fluticasone + salbutamol, while the control specimens were stored in artificial saliva. Changes in color (ΔE00), gloss, microhardness and surface roughness were assessed relative to baseline. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests and Spearman correlations (α = 0.05). Restorative material and inhaler group significantly affected all four parameters (p < 0.05). Salbutamol caused significantly greater changes than budesonide, fluticasone and the control in every material; the combination regimens were intermediate, and budesonide and fluticasone generally did not differ. The self-cure composite was the least stable and the nanofilled composite the most stable (except for color); microhardness loss increased significantly in the order Filtek One Bulk < Beautifil-Bulk < Cention Forte < Stela Capsule. All four surface parameters were strongly and positively correlated (ρ = 0.79-0.94; p < 0.001). Simulated antiasthmatic inhaler exposure degraded the surface of all bulk-fill materials in a material-dependent manner, with salbutamol exerting the greatest effect. The nanofilled composite showed the highest resistance. For asthmatic patients, and especially frequent salbutamol users, a highly filled light-cured nanofilled composite appears preferable to a self-cure bulk-fill composite where surface durability is clinically important.

PMID 42925441
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PubMedInternational journal of pharmaceutics2026-10-23

Trojan microparticles of budesonide palmitate nanoparticles: formulation optimization for lung delivery.

do Nascimento Ludmila Pinheiro LP, Reynaud Franceline F, Desmaële Didier D, Cailleau Catherine C et al.

A prodrug of budesonide, budesonide palmitate, was synthesized and formulated into nanoparticles by emulsion-evaporation, using a PEGylated lipid, DSPE-mPEG, as the sole excipient. Spherical nanoparticles of about 200 nm were obtained, with prodrug content between 57-73% by weight. To deliver nanoparticles to the lungs as dry powders, Trojan microparticles containing 5%-20% (w/w) of these prodrug-based nanoparticles were formulated for the first time by spray drying. Results show that the fine particle fraction decreases as the nanoparticle percentage increases. The formulation with 5% nanoparticles is optimal for targeting the alveolar region, with a mean mass aerodynamic diameter of 3.3 μm, a fine particle fraction of 67%, and an alveolar particle fraction of 41%. These Trojan microparticles appear to be promising carriers for the treatment of respiratory diseases via lung delivery.

PMID 42913816
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PubMedInternational journal of pharmaceutics2026-10-23

Cytosol-hydrogelled Chlorella enabling intestinal-targeted budesonide delivery for ulcerative colitis treatment.

Qian Kaijie K, Chen Hongda H, Bai Hao H, Liu Dongming D et al.

Current oral enteric sustained-release formulations largely rely on polymer-based surface coatings and multi-matrix technologies, which increase manufacturing complexity and overall production costs. Here, we report a cytosol-hydrogelled Chlorella pyrenoidosa (CP) delivery system, named BUD-gel@CP, for sustained release of budesonide (BUD) in the intestinal tract. Unlike conventional microalgae-based drug delivery strategies, this system requires neither surface modification nor enteric coating. We find for the first time that the intrinsic proteins of CP, such as chlorophyll protein 47 (CP47), physically entrap BUD in aggregates under acidic gastric conditions, enabling the enteric release of BUD. Importantly, BUD is easily loaded into the cytosol of lyophilized CP in the presence of two FDA-approved excipients, which are Labrasol® as a solubilizer and Soluplus® to form a thermosensitivein situgel. Following oral administration, BUD-gel@CP showed prolonged drug retention in the intestinal tract and elevated BUD concentrations in intestinal tissues. In a DSS-induced colitis mouse model, BUD-gel@CP restored colon length and reduced TNF-α and IL-6 levels, showing improved therapeutic effects compared with non-hydrogelled control groups. Our findings suggest a novel paradigm for preparing an enteric sustained-release oral drug delivery system that utilizes natural food ingredients and commercially approved pharmaceutical excipients without surface coating or modification.

PMID 42913814
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PubMedAdvances in therapy2026-10-22

Impact of Budesonide/Glycopyrronium/Formoterol Initiation on Healthcare Resource Utilization and Estimated Associated Costs and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Across COPD Care in Spain (ORESTES* Study).

Figueira-Gonçalves Juan Marco JM, Alcázar-Navarrete Bernardino B, Ancochea Alba A, Lastres Teresa T et al.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with substantial healthcare resource utilization (HCRU), high healthcare costs, and a considerable environmental burden. Triple therapy, such as budesonide/glycopyrronium/formoterol fumarate dihydrate (BGF), is recommended for patients with COPD not adequately controlled by dual therapy. Real-world assessments of the economic and environmental implications of COPD treatment strategies remain limited. This study estimated the impact of BGF initiation on HCRU-related costs and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Spain. This post hoc analysis used data from the multicenter, observational, retrospective ORESTES study. Adult patients with COPD who had initiated BGF and had at least 12 months of clinical data before treatment initiation were included. HCRU and actual use of short-acting β-2 agonists (SABA) were assessed before and after BGF initiation, and associated costs and GHG emissions were estimated using unit costs and emission factors from the perspective of the Spanish National Health System. A total of 718 patients were included. Following BGF initiation, annualized rates of hospitalizations, hospitalized days, emergency room admissions, primary care visits, and actual SABA use decreased by 12.9%, 9.2%, 12.0%, 4.9%, and 25.5%, respectively. Estimated annual HCRU-related costs decreased by €200.11 per patient, from €2599.46 before BGF initiation to €2399.35 after initiation, mainly driven by reduced hospitalization costs. Estimated annual HCRU-related GHG emissions decreased by 25.16 kg CO2e per patient, from 245.43 to 220.27 kg CO2e, primarily because of reductions in hospitalizations and actual SABA use. This post hoc analysis estimated reductions in HCRU-related costs and GHG emissions following BGF initiation in patients with COPD in routine clinical practice in Spain. These findings suggest that the clinical and HCRU improvements observed after BGF initiation may translate into meaningful HCRU-related economic and environmental benefits at the healthcare system level, reinforcing the broader value of clinically appropriate COPD treatment optimization. NCT06321731.

PMID 42907700
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PubMedBMC pediatrics2026-10-22

Very early onset inflammatory bowel disease in Jordan: a single-center case series of clinical, genetic, and therapeutic features.

Altamimi Eyad E, Almomani Hala H, Alsmadi Ayah A, Issi Nicole N et al.

Very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEOIBD), defined as onset before six years of age, is increasingly recognized as a distinct entity often linked to monogenic etiologies. Data from the Middle East remain limited. We conducted a retrospective case series of ten pediatric patients diagnosed with VEOIBD at King Abdullah University Hospital, Jordan, between July 2017 and July 2024. Clinical, endoscopic, histopathologic, genetic, treatment, and outcome data were extracted and analyzed descriptively. The cohort comprised ten patients (six males, four females). Median age at symptom onset was 12 months (range 3-60), with median diagnosis at 34 months (range 10-72). Diarrhea (100%), failure to thrive (60%), and recurrent infections (40%) were predominant presenting features. Endoscopy revealed mucosal ulceration in seven patients (70%), with non-caseating granulomas in three (30%) and focal active colitis in three (30%). Genetic testing (n = 8) identified pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in six patients and variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in two; the genes implicated were MEFV (n = 3), CYBB (n = 2; both VUS), G6PC3, GUCY2C, NPC1, NOD2, RIPK1, and LRBA. Three patients carried variants in two genes. In one pair - a homozygous pathogenic NPC1 frameshift variant with a heterozygous NOD2 VUS - a composite digenic mechanism has been proposed as a candidate contributor to the unusually severe VEOIBD phenotype [21]. Therapies included infliximab (n = 4), mesalazine, azathioprine, budesonide, intravenous immunoglobulin, elemental diet, and colchicine. Three patients were referred for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT); one died of infection-related multi-organ failure. The patient with a homozygous LRBA VUS lacked access to targeted therapy with abatacept or sirolimus. VEOIBD in Jordan is characterized by early presentation, genetic heterogeneity including co-occurring variants of uncertain significance, and poor response to conventional therapy. Limited access to targeted agents and HSCT significantly impacts outcomes. Early genomic testing, multidisciplinary management, and improved therapeutic access are essential for better prognosis.

PMID 42907806
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