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budesonide (Xavin / Pulairmax / Aerosial)

✓ Approved

Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. · NR3C1 · 小分子

什么是 budesonide？

budesonide 是一种小分子，由Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Inhaled。

药物档案

商品名Xavin, Pulairmax, Aerosial
公司Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
药物类别小分子
分子靶点NR3C1
给药途径Inhaled
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.

作用机制

分子靶点

budesonide 作用于 1 个分子靶点：

NR3C1nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 (GR, GCCR)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

budesonide 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersAsthma✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedMaterials today. Bio2026-09-10

EpCAM aptamer modified carbon@manganese dioxide nanoflower for synergistic drug-nanozyme allergic rhinitis treatment.

Zhang Leichao L, Cong Longying L, Gao Yiyao Y, Zhang Wei W et al.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a prevalent upper respiratory allergic disorder that significantly impacts patients' quality of life.In this research, we developed a multifunctional nanozyme-drug synergistic therapy nanosystem for the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR). The nanosystem, called EpCAM aptamer modified carbon@manganese dioxide nanoflower (Apt-C@MnO2 NFs), combines porous carbon nanospheres and MnO2 nanozymes to achieve synergistic reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. EpCAM aptamer (Apt) is an epithelial cell adhesion molecule. The designed material was modified with EpCAM aptamers, endowing it with prominent targeting capability to epithelial cells. The modification with PEG facilitates the penetration of NFs through mucus more rapidly, and the Apt enables the NFs to specifically target human nasal epithelial cells (HNEPc). In addition, it can effectively load and sustainably release the anti-inflammatory drug budesonide (BUD). In vitro experiment demonstrated the system's ability to target HNEPc, deliver drugs, exhibit multi-enzyme activity, and regulate inflammatory factors. In vivo studies in mice showed that Apt-C@MnO2 NFs could restore the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis-related proteins, reduce inflammatory cell infiltration, regulate inflammatory pathways, and alleviate AR symptoms. The research provides a new approach for AR therapy, offering a multifunctional system with significant anti-inflammatory effects and imaging tracking capabilities. This innovative therapeutic strategy combines nanozyme technology with targeted drug delivery to achieve effective treatment of AR.

PMID 42718604
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PubMedFrontiers in allergy2026-09-09

Combined in-office endoscopic debridement and supine head-hanging budesonide instillation for postoperative difficult-to-treat chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: a retrospective cohort study.

Wang Lili L, Zhou Minghui M, Yuan Shanpeng S, Jiao Yang Y et al.

Difficult-to-treat chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) may remain uncontrolled after adequate endoscopic sinus surgery and guideline-directed postoperative therapy. Obstructive edematous or polypoid tissue in the operated sinus cavity may limit topical corticosteroid access and delay mucosal recovery. We evaluated whether an intensified outpatient strategy-targeted in-office endoscopic debridement followed by supine head-hanging budesonide instillation-was associated with earlier recorded postoperative cavity epithelialization. This single-center retrospective cohort included 102 adults treated from January 2020 to January 2025 and reassessed against EPOS 2020 difficult-to-treat criteria. Fifty-two patients received the intensified strategy, and 50 received conventional budesonide nasal spray; both groups received the same 7-day oral methylprednisolone course. The primary endpoint was recorded postoperative cavity epithelialization at 12 weeks. Secondary endpoints included 8-week epithelialization, time to first recorded epithelialization, symptom and Lund-Kennedy score improvement, exploratory adjusted association with 12-week epithelialization, and adverse events documented in records. Because the intensified strategy comprised multiple co-delivered components, the study evaluated the overall strategy, not individual components. Epithelialization by week 8 was recorded in 43/52 (82.69%) intensified-strategy patients and 20/50 (40.00%) conventional-strategy patients (P < 0.001). Twelve-week epithelialization was recorded in 46/52 (88.46%) and 32/50 (64.00%) patients, respectively (risk difference, 24.46 percentage points; 95% CI, 8.57-40.35; risk ratio, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.10-1.74; P = 0.004). Median time to first recorded epithelialization was 4 versus 12 weeks (log-rank P < 0.001). Holm-adjusted comparisons favored the intensified strategy for symptom and endoscopic score improvements. In exploratory Firth regression, the intensified strategy remained associated with 12-week epithelialization (adjusted OR, 5.58; 95% CI, 1.87-16.68; P = 0.002). Serious adverse events were not documented, but safety assessment was retrospective and incomplete. In adults with postoperative difficult-to-treat CRSwNP, the intensified outpatient strategy was associated with earlier and more frequent recorded postoperative cavity epithelialization than conventional budesonide nasal spray. These findings indicate a strategy-level association and do not isolate component effects or establish comparative safety. The 12-week endpoint reflects early recorded epithelialization and does not establish durable disease control or recurrence prevention. Prospective component-controlled or factorial studies with follow-up of at least 12 months are needed.

PMID 42712404
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PubMedInternational journal of pharmaceutics2026-09-08

Localized delivery of budesonide via mucoadhesive short nanofibers for Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) therapy.

Shkolnikov-Lozober Hani H, Vasilyev Gleb G, Hadad Salim S, Vilensky Rita R et al.

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily managed with topical corticosteroids such as budesonide. While commercial treatments exist, clinical outcomes are frequently hindered by inadequate drug retention on the esophageal mucosa. To enhance targeted delivery and mucosal retention, this study presents a mucoadhesive oral formulation consisting of a suspension of budesonide-embedded short cellulose acetate (CA-B) fibers. The fibers (mean diameter 0.2 μm and length 138 μm) were suspended in a 0.5% (w/v) aqueous alginate solution to optimize mucoadhesion. Rheological characterization revealed a critical fiber concentration threshold of 0.1% (w/v) for CA-B network formation, above which the suspension transitions into a highly structured, viscoplastic system with pronounced solid-like behavior. Upon administration, the short CA-B fibers mechanically interlock and conform to the mucosal surface, enabling sustained drug release and subsequent tissue diffusion. Formulation efficacy was validated through ex vivo mucoadhesion assays utilizing a porcine esophageal model. In vitro release kinetics followed a first-order model predicting a maximum cumulative budesonide release of 74%. Furthermore, transport modeling determined the optimal inter-fiber distance to achieve a sustained, localized therapeutic dose of budesonide at the mucosal surface. This suspendable short-fiber platform provides a robust strategy for enhancing mucosal retention in EoE, with broad applicability for targeted drug delivery across mucosal barriers.

PMID 42710750
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PubMedERJ open research2026-09-08

A study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of two stepwise pharmacological treatment approaches to adult asthma: inhaled corticosteroid/formoterol reliever- versus short-acting β2-agonist reliever-based therapy - Asthma on TRACK.

Sayers Ross R, Cullen Ryan R, Oldfield Karen K, Barrett Jonathan J et al.

No randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have compared inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)/formoterol reliever-based stepwise algorithms with short-acting β-agonist (SABA) reliever-based stepwise algorithms, titrated to levels of asthma control and exacerbations. Knowledge gaps remain in understanding ICS exposure over time, transitions between treatment steps, efficacy and participant satisfaction with different algorithm approaches. The aim of the study is to determine the exposure to ICS in adults and adolescents aged 16 to 75 years treated with a budesonide/formoterol reliever-based algorithm (Algorithm 1) compared to a salbutamol reliever-based algorithm (Algorithm 2) across the spectrum of asthma severity. This is an investigator-initiated, 52-week, single-site, open-label, parallel-groups, 2-arm RCT of 152 adults and adolescents with mild, moderate and moderate-severe asthma (ACTRN12624001488594). Participants will be randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to a budesonide/formoterol reliever-based or a salbutamol reliever-based algorithm. Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) treatment step at enrolment according to the 2024 GINA Guidelines will be used to allocate participants to the corresponding steps of each algorithm. Treatment step transition will be in response to asthma exacerbations and level of asthma control. Those experiencing exacerbations or poorly controlled asthma will be stepped up, and those well controlled stepped down. The primary outcome is ICS exposure. Important secondary outcomes include composite systemic corticosteroid exposure, rates of asthma exacerbations, asthma control, T-helper 2 biomarkers, spirometry and participants' treatment perceptions and satisfaction. This is the first RCT to compare ICS/formoterol- and SABA-based reliever stepwise algorithmic approaches in asthma, with treatment adjusted according to asthma control and exacerbations.

PMID 42707905
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PubMedAdvances in therapy2026-09-08

Effectiveness and Safety of Nefecon in Primary IgA Nephropathy Across Different Baseline Proteinuria Levels: A Real-World Study.

Suolinge Chahan C, Dema Cai C, Wu Xinyue X, Jiang Bijian B et al.

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a chronic autoimmune kidney disease characterized by the deposition of immune complexes containing galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) in the glomerulus. Nefecon is a targeted-release formulation of the budesonide that reduces excess production of Gd-IgA1. This study aimed to evaluate the real-world effectiveness and safety of nefecon across different baseline proteinuria levels in this disease population. In this retrospective real-world study, 28 patients with IgAN who received nefecon for more than 9 months were consecutively included between September 2024 and March 2025. Data on demographics and clinical characteristics, outcomes, and safety were collected and analyzed. After 9 months of nefecon treatment, proteinuria reduced from 1.7 ± 1.2 to 0.6 ± 0.5 g/day (55.8% reduction), while estimated glomerular filtration rate improved from 80.3 ± 24.6 to 86.2 ± 25.4 mL/min/1.73 m2 (5.0% increase). Nefecon appeared to preserve renal function across patients with varying baseline proteinuria levels, with signals of greater benefit when initiated earlier in the disease course. Seventeen patients (60.7%) experienced adverse events (AEs), with the most common events being acne (21.4%). No severe AEs or treatment-related deaths were observed. In the real-world practice, nefecon was associated with favorable antiproteinuric and renal benefits with acceptable safety in patients with IgAN, including those with relatively low baseline proteinuria. This study suggests a potential benefit of early intervention following diagnosis.

PMID 42709324
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PubMedJournal of materials chemistry. B2026-09-08

Dendrimer crosslinked γ-polyglutamic acid/sodium alginate sponges: enhanced hemostasis and sustained anti-inflammatory activity for post-sinusitis surgery treatment.

Jia Xiaoqing X, Huang Shenggang S, Shi Yang Y, Zhang Xinyuan X et al.

Sinusitis often requires functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), but postoperative bleeding and persistent inflammation remain critical challenges. This study developed a multifunctional composite sponge (GSPB) using γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) and sodium alginate (SA) as the matrix, with Generation 3 polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer (G3) serving as both cross-linkers and budesonide (Bud) solubilizers. Fabricated via EDC/NHS-mediated cross-linking and freeze-drying, GSPB exhibited a porous structure, a balanced compressive modulus of 41.95 ± 3.50 kPa, and excellent cyclic compression fatigue resistance (stress attenuation rate of only 8.98% after 50 compression cycles). It also showed rapid absorption toward water and blood, alongside full biodegradability within 21 days. Meanwhile, G3 elevates the aqueous solubility of Bud by 12.5 times, thereby achieving long-term sustained drug delivery. In vitro studies confirmed excellent biocompatibility, potent hemostatic efficacy, and anti-inflammatory activity. In vivo experiments using nasal bleeding and acute sinusitis models demonstrated that GSPB achieved faster hemostasis with less blood loss than commercial gelatin sponges and Nasopore. It also effectively suppressed mucosal inflammation, reduced collagen deposition, and inhibited goblet cell hyperplasia without systemic toxicity, verified by serum biochemistry, routine blood tests, and major organ H&E histological staining in mice. As a biodegradable scaffold integrating hemostasis and anti-inflammatory activity, GSPB provides a novel and promising solution for post-sinusitis surgery care, with significant clinical translational potential.

PMID 42708216
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