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anti-tetanus immunoglobulin

✓ Approved

Hualan Biological Engineering Co., Ltd. · 多克隆抗体 · 多克隆抗体

什么是 anti-tetanus immunoglobulin？

anti-tetanus immunoglobulin 是一种多克隆抗体，由Hualan Biological Engineering Co., Ltd.研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Unknown。

药物档案

公司Hualan Biological Engineering Co., Ltd.
药物类别多克隆抗体, 抗体
给药途径Unknown
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Hualan Biological Engineering Co., Ltd.

治疗适应症

anti-tetanus immunoglobulin 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Infections and infestationsTetanus✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedDiseases (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-26

Tetanus in Serbia, 2015-2025: Epidemiological Overview and Lessons from Two Pediatric Cases.

Kovacevic Gordana G, Stijovic Vesna V, Kovacevic Branko B, Parezanovic Miro M et al.

Tetanus is a vaccine-preventable disease that has become rare in countries with sustained immunization programs. However, unvaccinated children remain at risk of severe disease. We provide an epidemiological overview of tetanus in Serbia and describe two cases of generalized tetanus in children. We retrospectively reviewed tetanus surveillance data and immunization coverage reports in Serbia for 2015-2025. Tetanus cases were recorded under ICD-10 code A35. We analyzed demographics, incidence, outcomes, case-fatality, and tetanus-containing vaccine coverage. Two pediatric cases were reviewed for clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, management, and outcomes. Fourteen tetanus cases were reported during 2015-2025 (annual incidence, 0-0.06 per 100,000 population), including two children. Most cases occurred among women aged >60 years; the overall case-fatality proportion was 42.9%. Primary vaccination coverage ranged from 90.8% to 95.1%, while recommended revaccination coverage remained below the 95% target. Both pediatric patients had received only BCG and hepatitis B vaccination at birth with no subsequent routine immunization due to parental neglect or refusal. The 18-month-old boy presented with fever, otorrhea, and recurrent episodes of generalized stiffening and was initially evaluated for meningoencephalitis. The emergence of trismus, opisthotonus, and neck muscle rigidity led to the diagnosis of tetanus. The 6-year-old boy presented with odynophagia and involuntary tongue biting, followed by progressive trismus and limb spasms. Tetanus was suspected based on the clinical findings and absent immunization. He developed respiratory failure and autonomic instability. Both patients recovered following tetanus immunoglobulin, antimicrobial therapy, and supportive care. Although tetanus remains rare in Serbia and predominantly affects older adults, unvaccinated children remain at risk of severe disease. Atypical presentations may delay diagnosis, emphasizing the importance of early recognition and timely treatment. Maintaining high vaccination coverage and ensuring catch-up immunization remain essential for prevention.

PMID 42930012
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PubMedBritish journal of haematology2026-10-26

Temporal trends in infectious risk among multiple myeloma patients treated with daratumumab: A meta-analysis.

Visram Alissa A, Mian Hira H, Lee James J, Jones Aaron A et al.

Anti-cluster of differentiation 38 (Anti-CD38) monoclonal antibodies such as daratumumab are widely used in multiple myeloma (MM), yet the timing and magnitude of infectious risk remain incompletely defined. We performed an individual patient-level meta-analysis of six randomized trials (N = 2989) comparing daratumumab- versus non-daratumumab-containing regimens in newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory MM, assessing infectious events over 2 years. Daratumumab-treated patients had higher rates of any-grade (79% vs. 61%) and grade ≥3 infections (29% vs. 20%) than controls, with risk peaking in the first 3 months (42% vs. 36%, p = 0.001) before plateauing. After adjustment, daratumumab was independently associated with grade ≥1 (odds ratio [OR] 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10-1.57), respiratory (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.11-1.71) and grade ≥3 (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.08-2.00) infection by 3 months. Daratumumab-treated patients had a higher rate of infection over 2 years (adjusted incidence rate ratio 1.60, 95% CI 1.47-1.73) and more frequently experienced recurrent infections (33% vs. 22% with multiple any-grade infections; 11% vs. 7% with multiple grade ≥3 infections). Preventive strategies were underused, with <20% of patients with severe respiratory infections receiving immunoglobulin replacement. These findings identify an early window of infectious vulnerability with daratumumab and support temporally targeted prevention and monitoring strategies in contemporary MM care.

PMID 42928979
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PubMedVeterinary medicine international2026-10-26

Participatory Epidemiology of Major Camel Diseases and Their Management in Somalia: The Case of Banadir and Lower Shabelle Regions.

Salah Omar O, Sh Hassan Yasin Y, Yusuf Mohamed M, AbdiNB Hassan H

This study investigates major camel diseases, their community-perceived epidemiological characteristics, and management practices in the Banadir and Lower Shabelle regions of Somalia. Data were collected from 17 key informants through semistructured interviews and from 18 participants across three focus group discussions (FGDs). Semistructured interviews captured key camel diseases, their local names, disease impacts, coping mechanisms, and locally used disease management approaches, while FGDs were used to conduct participatory exercises to rank and characterize diseases based on severity and clinical signs. Kendall's W was used to assess consensus among participants, revealing the strength of the agreement across groups. Ten diseases were most frequently reported, including trypanosomosis, mastitis, pneumonia, ringworm, camelpox, mange, tetanus, wry neck, parasite infection, and anthrax. For disease management practices, about 15 out of 17 respondents reported using both modern medicines and traditional practices such as burning, administering Dobera glabra seeds, and applying camel hump ghee. In addition, 13 out of 17 informants indicated that farmers do not conduct regular animal health checkups. Preventive measures included isolation, relocation, and recitation of the Holy Quran. Regarding veterinary consultation, 10 out of 17 respondents reported poor veterinary consultation, citing limited awareness and poor accessibility as potential causes. Of the eight diseases assessed by pairwise ranking, farmers rated anthrax (Kud) as the most severe (mean 6.67 ± 0.58 out of 7), followed by tetanus (Taagow, 6.00 ± 1.00), with strong, statistically significant agreement across the focus groups (Kendall's W = 0.849; p = 0.013). Wry neck and trypanosomosis were rated moderately severe, while pneumonia, mange, mastitis, and camelpox scored lowest. Matrix scoring showed strong, statistically significant agreement among the three informant groups across all disease signs (Kendall's W = 0.74-1.00; p < 0.05). The strongest associations were dyspnea and nasal discharge with pneumonia (mean scores 15.00 ± 1.00/20 and 16.67 ± 2.08/20), odor change with trypanosomosis (15.00 ± 3.00/20), and fever with camelpox and trypanosomosis. The findings also revealed clear seasonal variation in camel diseases, with most conditions peaking during the rainy seasons of spring (Gu) and autumn (Dayr). In contrast, trypanosomosis, tetanus, and mange occurred throughout the year, while anthrax was predominantly associated with the dry Jiilaal season. Major challenges reported include limited veterinary services, high treatment costs, and inadequate feed and drug supplies. These findings reflect substantial indigenous knowledge and point to the need for integrated interventions including improved veterinary services, affordable drugs and vaccines, and farmer capacity building to strengthen camel health in the region.

PMID 42928791
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PubMedAntibodies (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-26

Antibody-Related Mechanisms in Ocular Diseases: Autoimmunity, Malignancy, and Therapeutic Targeting.

Xiao Yehan Y, Zou Yaru Y, Yang Mingming M, Gu Wendong W et al.

Antibodies in ocular disease have heterogeneous biological meanings: they may act as direct pathogenic effectors, systemic diagnostic biomarkers, indicators of B-cell clonality, or therapeutic agents. This distinction is particularly important in the eye, where immune privilege and the blood-ocular barrier restrict tissue access, whereas inflammation may permit entry of immunoglobulins, complement, and immune cells or support local humoral responses. This narrative review integrates antibody and B-cell biology across autoimmune and paraneoplastic retinopathies, aquaporin-4-immunoglobulin G-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease, ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid, ocular myasthenia gravis, thyroid eye disease, systemic autoimmune and fibroinflammatory disorders with ocular involvement, and B-cell malignancies including vitreoretinal and ocular adnexal lymphoma. We distinguish the evidence for direct antibody pathogenicity from disease association and emphasize that a positive result is interpretable only in relation to the ocular phenotype, assay platform, titer, specimen compartment, and orthogonal confirmation. Serum testing, ocular-fluid analysis, electrophysiology, multimodal imaging, cytology, histopathology, immunophenotyping, immunoglobulin clonality, and molecular testing have complementary roles. Therapeutic strategies include B-cell or B-lineage depletion, complement inhibition, cytokine- or receptor-directed monoclonal antibodies, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor blockade, and emerging FcRn- or plasma-cell-directed approaches; however, regulatory status and ocular-specific evidence vary substantially among diseases. A mechanistically stratified framework may reduce overdiagnosis, improve recognition of malignant masquerade syndromes, and support more precise selection of targeted therapy.

PMID 42930036
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PubMedTransfusion2026-10-26

Blocking FcγRI and FcγRIII reduces RBC phagocytosis induced by patient-derived anti-E and anti-K alloantibodies in vitro.

Cabado Yaima Tundidor YT, Gonzalez Lazaro Gil LG, Noa Yeniley Ruiz YR, Oro Alequis Pavon AP et al.

Red blood cell (RBC) alloantibodies can cause hemolytic transfusion reactions and complicate compatible blood provision. Although antibody-opsonized RBCs are thought to be cleared partly through macrophage Fcγ receptor-mediated phagocytosis, the Fcγ receptors involved in phagocytosis induced by non-D alloantibodies remain incompletely defined. RBCs were sensitized with WHO anti-E or anti-C typing sera, or with plasma/serum from patients alloimmunized against RhE or K. Phagocytosis was assessed using THP-1-CD16A macrophages expressing FcγRI, FcγRIIA, and FcγRIII. Receptor involvement was evaluated using receptor-specific deglycosylated blocking monoclonal antibodies. RBCs sensitized with WHO anti-E or anti-C sera, or with patient-derived anti-E or anti-K alloantibodies, were phagocytosed by THP-1-CD16A macrophages. FcγRI or FcγRIII blockade reduced phagocytosis, although the magnitude of inhibition varied by antibody source and individual patient sample. FcγRIIA blockade produced little or no significant reduction across the conditions tested. Combined FcγRI and FcγRIII blockade produced the greatest inhibition with WHO reference sera, although inhibition was not fully additive. Patient-derived anti-E and anti-K samples showed a similar pattern. These findings support a functional contribution of FcγRI and FcγRIII to alloantibody-mediated RBC phagocytosis in this in vitro macrophage model, while suggesting a limited role for FcγRIIA under these experimental conditions.

PMID 42928980
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PubMedDiseases (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-26

The Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Spectrum: A Report of Two Contrasting Cases Managed in a Burn Unit.

Constantinescu Mihai-Codrin MC, Moraru Dan-Cristian DC, Poroch Vladimir V, Avadanei-Luca Stefana S et al.

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are severe, potentially life-threatening mucocutaneous reactions classified based on body surface area (BSA) involvement: SJS affects less than 10% BSA, SJS/TEN overlap affects 10-30% BSA, and TEN affects more than 30% BSA. The mortality rates range from 4.8-9% for SJS to 14.8-48% for TEN. Treatment remains controversial, with corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) being the most debated therapeutic options. While some studies suggest IVIg may block Fas-mediated keratinocyte apoptosis, meta-analyses have shown conflicting results regarding mortality benefit. We describe two patients from opposite ends of the SJS/TEN spectrum, managed in a burn unit with different therapeutic approaches. The first patient, a 47-year-old man with systemic lupus erythematosus, developed TEN with approximately 35% body surface area involvement, complicated by sepsis and rhabdomyolysis; he was treated with systemic corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg, 0.4 g/kg/day for 3 days). The second patient, a 66-year-old woman, developed SJS attributed to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and was treated with systemic corticosteroids alone. Both patients achieved complete re-epithelialization without major sequelae. These two cases illustrate the clinical heterogeneity of the SJS/TEN spectrum and the central role of early recognition, prompt withdrawal of the culprit drug, transfer to a specialized unit, and multidisciplinary supportive care. Given the substantial differences between the two patients in age, sex, comorbidities, culprit drugs, and disease severity, no comparative or causal inference regarding the relative efficacy of the two treatment strategies can be drawn; no efficacy claim is made for either therapeutic approach; this report is descriptive, and the two cases are presented as contrasting rather than comparable.

PMID 42929981
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