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naproxen (naproxen, Elan / Naprelan / naproxen, IPDAS)

✓ Approved

Victory Pharma, Inc. · PTGS1 · 小分子

什么是 naproxen？

naproxen 是一种小分子，由Victory Pharma, Inc.研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Oral (PO)。

药物档案

商品名naproxen, Elan, Naprelan, naproxen, IPDAS
公司Victory Pharma, Inc.
药物类别小分子
分子靶点PTGS1, PTGS2
给药途径Oral (PO)
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Victory Pharma, Inc.

作用机制

分子靶点

naproxen 作用于 2 个分子靶点：

PTGS1prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (COX3, PCOX1)
PTGS2prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (GRIPGHS, hCox-2)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

naproxen 针对 7 个适应症，涉及 4 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Gastrointestinal disordersAbdominal pain✓ Approved
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disordersBursitis✓ Approved
Reproductive system and breast disordersDysmenorrhoea✓ Approved
Metabolism and nutrition disordersHyperuricaemia✓ Approved
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disordersOsteoarthritis✓ Approved

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相关研究文献

PubMedMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-27

Low-Energy Mechanochemical Dry Coating for Improving the Flowability of Sodium Naproxen.

Przywara Mateusz M, Leś Karolina Maria KM, Chutkowski Marcin M

Sodium naproxen is a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) known for its therapeutic efficacy but also for its poor flowability, which complicates manufacturing processes. This study aimed to improve the flow properties of sodium naproxen through a patented mechanochemical dry coating method using nanostructured silica (Aerosil® R972) as a flow modifier. The process was conducted in a modified V-type tumbler mixer under selected conditions, including a 7:1 ball-to-powder mass ratio, a 10-min mixing time, and a 10 rpm rotational speed. Flowability was evaluated using Carr's indices, while mechanical properties were assessed via shear testing with a Jenike cell. Surface morphology was characterized by SEM. Results showed that the modified sodium naproxen samples demonstrated a substantial improvement in flow indices, a shift to an "easy-flowing" classification at higher consolidation stresses, and a marked reduction in cohesion compared to the unmodified material. SEM confirmed partial silica deposition on particle surfaces. These findings indicate that the applied method effectively improves the handling characteristics of sodium naproxen powders. The process is relatively simple, requires low energy, is potentially applicable at a larger scale, and shows potential for pharmaceutical powder processing requiring flow enhancement of cohesive active ingredients.

PMID 42941146
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PubMedMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-27

Determination of Naproxen Impurities' Relative Response Factors by qNMR-HPLC Using DMSO-d6 Solvent as an Internal Calibrant.

Pu Hengting H, Liu Yang Y

Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance coupled with HPLC (qNMR-HPLC) is a rapid and non-destructive approach. It does not require accurate sample weights and purification of reference substances. However, when determining the relative response factors (RRFs) of multiple drug impurities, spectral overlap may be a problem. As naproxen and its impurities are similar in structure, it is difficult to determine the corresponding characteristic signal peaks of each component in the 1H NMR spectrum of the principal component and impurities. This study aimed to develop a qNMR-HPLC method using the δ 2.5 ppm signal of DMSO-d6 as an internal calibrant to determine the RRFs of six naproxen impurities (I-VI). Each component was analyzed by qNMR separately and the ratio relationship was linked by DMSO-d6 calibrant. The obtained RRFs (0.30, 0.76, 1.14, 1.00, 0.59, and 0.51, respectively) were consistent with those determined using the HPLC standard curve method (0.30, 0.78, 1.04, 1.05, 0.59, and 0.51, respectively). The method showed a linear R2 of 1 in the 1-12 mg·mL-1 range, the RSD precision of five replicates was 0.10%, and the RSD of solution stability within 24 h was 0.10%. The method is well suited for scenarios involving minimal sample quantities that cannot be accurately weighed and for the simultaneous determination of multiple impurity RRFs in cases where spectral overlap is a challenge.

PMID 42943671
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PubMedMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-27

Acid-Modified and Surfactant-Functionalized Bentonite and Clinoptilolite for Naproxen Adsorption from Water.

Dimas Rivera Gloria Lourdes GL, Caballero Leal Mario Osvaldo MO, Montalvo Herrera Teresa de Jesús TJ, Sandoval Rangel Ladislao L et al.

Pharmaceutical contamination of aquatic environments, particularly by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as naproxen, remains a persistent challenge for conventional water treatment. This study evaluated the naproxen adsorption performance of bentonite and clinoptilolite in their natural, acid-activated, and hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA)-modified forms. Materials were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and nitrogen physisorption, confirming that acid activation increased surface area and porosity while HDTMA introduced an organophilic character without disrupting the crystalline framework. Adsorption experiments identified pH 6 as optimal for all HDTMA-modified materials. Sequentially modified clinoptilolite (C-AS) achieved the highest capacity, reaching 14.8, 16.5, and 19.9 mg g-1 at 25, 30, and 35 °C, respectively, outperforming all bentonite-based materials, whose interlayer pore blockage limited surfactant benefits. Kinetic data were best described by the pseudo-second-order model for most materials, while the Elovich and Avrami fractional-order models provided superior fits overall, with sub-unitary Avrami exponents indicating a heterogeneous, multi-pathway adsorption mechanism; Weber-Morris analysis further confirmed that intraparticle diffusion was not the sole rate-limiting step. Equilibrium data showed mixed Langmuir-Freundlich behavior that was resolved using the Sips model, and thermodynamic parameters derived from a three-temperature (25-35 °C) study confirmed spontaneous, endothermic adsorption governed by physisorption. These results demonstrate that the pairing of acid activation with surfactant functionalization is markedly more effective for zeolitic frameworks than for layered clays, offering a low-cost strategy for pharmaceutical removal from water.

PMID 42943708
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PubMedDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-27

Antibiotic-Refractory Fever with Pyelonephritis-like Features Revealing Occult Metastatic High-Grade Serous Carcinoma: Competing Causes of Fever and Diagnostic Stewardship.

Huang Wei-Hsuan WH, Chang Yen-Ling YL, Huang Hsien-Po HP, Yeh Ting-Kuang TK et al.

Background and Clinical Significance: Occult malignancy is an easily missed cause of prolonged fever when urinary findings suggest pyelonephritis, and repeated empirical antibiotic courses can delay tissue diagnosis. We report such a case with competing explanations for fever. CasePresentation: A 62-year-old woman had six months of intermittent fever and one month of dysuria and right flank pain despite nine outpatient antimicrobial courses. On admission, her temperature reached 40.1 °C; she had pyuria with a non-diagnostic urine culture, para-aortic lymphadenopathy on computed tomography and negative blood cultures. Fever abated during intravenous flomoxef, recurred on the seventh day, persisted after its withdrawal and subsided by hospital day 16 before cancer-directed therapy. A single naproxen dose produced only transient defervescence. Nodal biopsy revealed metastatic high-grade serous carcinoma of the tubo-ovarian type (surgical-pathological FIGO stage IIIA1; clinical stage IVB on imaging, not histologically confirmed). The cause of fever remained undetermined; tumor-associated fever, a partially treated urinary infection and flomoxef-associated drug fever were possible contributors. Conclusions: When fever persists despite empirical antimicrobials and reassessment finds no convincing bacterial infection, clinicians should consider stopping rather than escalating antibiotics in stable, non-neutropenic patients under close monitoring, consider drug fever and other non-infectious causes, and pursue prompt tissue diagnosis.

PMID 42938118
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PubMedDrug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals2026-10-26

Evaluation of deuterium isotope effects on the metabolism of 10 drugs across multiple human cytochrome P450 enzymes: considerations for drug design.

Obach R Scott RS, Cerny Matthew A MA

The phenomenon of deuterium kinetic isotope effects has been occasionally leveraged to design new drugs that have altered drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics relative to their nondeuterated versions. However, it is difficult to know a priori which drugs and exploratory drug candidates would benefit from this drug design strategy. To address this, 10 drugs (amodiaquine, astemizole, cravacitinib, dextromethorphan, ezlopitant, febuxostat, glyburide, linezolid, naproxen, and rosiglitazone) and their deuterated analogs were systematically evaluated for kinetic isotope effects on their metabolism catalyzed by several cytochrome P450 enzymes. Trends could be observed for reaction type in that isotope effects could be observed for some hydroxylation and O-dealkylation reactions, but not for amine N-dealkylation reactions. No trends were apparent across the enzymes and substrates in that the same enzyme could show meaningful isotope effects for some drugs but not others, and substrates could show isotope effects catalyzed by some enzymes and not others. Thus, when considering leveraging deuteration as a drug design strategy intended to alter the metabolism and/or pharmacokinetics of a compound, at this time it cannot be predicted whether a suitable effect will be gained, and evaluation will depend on synthesizing and testing deuterated analogs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Deuteration has become a strategy in drug design. In this study, it is demonstrated that for some substrates, P450 enzymes, and reaction types, deuterium isotope effects that would meaningfully impact drug clearance can be observed while for others this is not the case.

PMID 42933114
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PubMedWiadomosci lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland : 1960)2026-10-25

A comparative study of low-level laser therapy combined with drugs versus drug therapy alone in the management of myogenic TMJ pain.

Saeed Sakina Mohamed SM, Dhahir Mohamed K MK, Alkurtas Salah S

Aim: To compare the effect of low-level laser therapy combined with pharmacotherapy (naproxen + orphenadrine with paracetamol (myogesic)) and pharmacotherapy alone in treating myofascial pain related to temporomandibular joint. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four participants with myofascial pain related to TMJ diagnosed according to diagnostic criteria DC/TMJ are randomly divided into two groups (n=12); Group1 received naproxen 500mg twice a day and myogesic three times a day for 21 days, Group 2 received Low-Level Laser Therapy for nine sessions three sessions a week with a diode laser with dual-wavelength with the same drugs as group1. Measures of myofascial pain during the function were evaluated at baseline, after 10 days, at the end of treatment, and 3 months after the end of treatments using the visual analog scale VAS, which has scores from zero (no pain) to ten (sever pain) also maximum mouth opening was measured in each session. Results: VAS scores decreased in both groups but significantly more in Low-Level Laser Therapy with pharmacotherapy group at 10 days, 21 days, and 3 months (p < 0.05). Maximum mouth opening highly improved in Group 2 with significantly more significant gains in Low-Level Laser Therapy group at all follow-up points except baseline (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These results indicate that Low-Level Laser Therapy with pharmacotherapy was more effective than pharmacological therapy in decreasing pain and improving jaw function in patients with TMJ-related myogenic pain.

PMID 42922303
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