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hepatitis A vaccine (Biovac A)

✓ Approved

Wockhardt Limited · 细胞治疗 · 细胞治疗

什么是 hepatitis A vaccine？

hepatitis A vaccine 是一种细胞治疗，由Wockhardt Limited研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Injectable (Others)、Subcutaneous Injection。

药物档案

商品名Biovac A
公司Wockhardt Limited
药物类别细胞治疗, 疫苗
给药途径Injectable (Others), Subcutaneous Injection
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Wockhardt Limited

治疗适应症

hepatitis A vaccine 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Surgical and medical proceduresAntiviral prophylaxis✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedDiseases (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-26

Tetanus in Serbia, 2015-2025: Epidemiological Overview and Lessons from Two Pediatric Cases.

Kovacevic Gordana G, Stijovic Vesna V, Kovacevic Branko B, Parezanovic Miro M et al.

Tetanus is a vaccine-preventable disease that has become rare in countries with sustained immunization programs. However, unvaccinated children remain at risk of severe disease. We provide an epidemiological overview of tetanus in Serbia and describe two cases of generalized tetanus in children. We retrospectively reviewed tetanus surveillance data and immunization coverage reports in Serbia for 2015-2025. Tetanus cases were recorded under ICD-10 code A35. We analyzed demographics, incidence, outcomes, case-fatality, and tetanus-containing vaccine coverage. Two pediatric cases were reviewed for clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, management, and outcomes. Fourteen tetanus cases were reported during 2015-2025 (annual incidence, 0-0.06 per 100,000 population), including two children. Most cases occurred among women aged >60 years; the overall case-fatality proportion was 42.9%. Primary vaccination coverage ranged from 90.8% to 95.1%, while recommended revaccination coverage remained below the 95% target. Both pediatric patients had received only BCG and hepatitis B vaccination at birth with no subsequent routine immunization due to parental neglect or refusal. The 18-month-old boy presented with fever, otorrhea, and recurrent episodes of generalized stiffening and was initially evaluated for meningoencephalitis. The emergence of trismus, opisthotonus, and neck muscle rigidity led to the diagnosis of tetanus. The 6-year-old boy presented with odynophagia and involuntary tongue biting, followed by progressive trismus and limb spasms. Tetanus was suspected based on the clinical findings and absent immunization. He developed respiratory failure and autonomic instability. Both patients recovered following tetanus immunoglobulin, antimicrobial therapy, and supportive care. Although tetanus remains rare in Serbia and predominantly affects older adults, unvaccinated children remain at risk of severe disease. Atypical presentations may delay diagnosis, emphasizing the importance of early recognition and timely treatment. Maintaining high vaccination coverage and ensuring catch-up immunization remain essential for prevention.

PMID 42930012
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PubMedJournal of the International AIDS Society2026-10-26

Impact of HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis on HIV Incidence and Hepatitis B Outcomes Among Sex Workers Living With Hepatitis B: A Modelling Analysis in Côte D'Ivoire.

Mohareb Amir M AM, Kim Arthur Y AY, Kouamé Menan Gérard MG, Nouaman Marcellin M et al.

Nearly 10% of sex workers in sub-Saharan Africa live with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV). HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) using tenofovir/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) has not been studied in this population, possibly due to concerns of hepatitis flares following TDF/FTC cessation. Using a microsimulation model of HIV and HBV disease and data from 2016 to 2024, we compared the clinical impact of TDF/FTC as PrEP versus no TDF/FTC among women who sell sex with HBV in Côte d'Ivoire. We incorporated the anti-HBV effects of TDF/FTC and the increased probability of hepatitis flares and HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) loss following TDF/FTC cessation. We estimated input parameters from published literature: HIV incidence (1.9-3.0 per 100 person-years), PrEP adherence (55%), disengagement from PrEP care (4% per month for the first 12 months, then 12.5% per month), hepatitis flare incidence (2.0-4.0 per 100 person-years) and rate of HBsAg loss (1.0 per 100 person-years), which both increase following TDF/FTC cessation. Model outcomes included cumulative HIV incidence, average hepatitis flares, HBsAg loss and survival over 2, 5 and 10 years. We conducted sensitivity analyses varying HIV incidence, PrEP adherence, disengagement from PrEP care and hepatitis flare rate. Compared with no TDF/FTC, TDF/FTC would reduce cumulative HIV incidence: 4.1% versus 5.6% at 2 years and 10.1% versus 12.7% at 5 years. TDF/FTC would result in more hepatitis flares (mean 0.76 vs. 0.19 per person) and more HBsAg loss (8.4% vs. 5.7%) than no TDF/FTC after 5 years. Two- and five-year survival would be similar between the two strategies, and TDF/FTC would improve survival over longer horizons. Improving adherence and reducing disengagement from care would increase clinical benefits. Even with high disengagement from care and high risk of hepatitis flares, TDF/FTC would reduce HIV acquisition and improve overall long-term survival. Women who sell sex with HBV in Côte d'Ivoire would benefit from TDF/FTC as PrEP to avoid HIV acquisition. The increased risk of hepatitis flares, while challenging to manage in resource-limited settings, would be outweighed by the benefits of HIV prevention. Efforts should be made to scale up PrEP in sex workers, including women with chronic HBV.

PMID 42929139
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PubMedClinical microbiology reviews2026-10-26

Hepatitis E virus infections in immunocompromised patients.

Sridhar Siddharth S, Ma Xiaodan X, Ho Siu Fung Stanley SFS

SUMMARYHepatitis E virus (HEV) is an important cause of viral hepatitis globally. Historically considered an acute and self-limiting illness, HEV has emerged as a significant pathogen in various immunocompromised patient groups in the last 15 years. Vulnerable patients include transplant recipients, people living with advanced HIV infection, and patients with hematological malignancies, rheumatological disorders, or autoimmune diseases. These individuals are vulnerable to chronic hepatitis and extrahepatic manifestations due to HEV. These risks are also relevant to emerging modalities of immunosuppression such as new targeted drug therapies and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies. Besides unique clinical implications, immunocompromised hosts have also been at the center of new developments in the hepatitis E field on zoonotic reservoirs, transmission routes, disease models, and pathogenesis. In this review, we present a comprehensive integrative summary of the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management strategies of HEV infections in immunocompromised hosts.

PMID 42929522
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PubMedEuropean journal of pediatrics2026-10-26

Systematic STI screening in unaccompanied migrant minors: a 6-year experience with urine-based NAAT.

Milkova-Ivanova Sonia S, Mellado-Sola Isabel I, Bravo-Queipo-de-Llano Blanca B, Rodríguez-Molino Paula P et al.

Systematic screening for sexually transmitted infections (STI), beyond serology, is not standard in arrival protocols for unaccompanied migrant minors (UMM). In 2020, our center incorporated urine-based nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT)-based screening into the existing serology-based protocol (HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B/C), and we describe the additional diagnoses of STI identified through NAAT. We conducted a retrospective observational descriptive study (2020-2025) of 226 UMM (99.6% male) in Madrid undergoing serological screening for HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B and C, with additional urine-based multiplex PCR (NAAT) screening for STI. Urine-based NAAT, performed in 163/226 participants (72.1%), identified six positive cases (3.7%, 95% CI 1.4-7.8%) of C. trachomatis, M. genitalium, or Ureaplasma spp. Of these, four patients (2.5%, 95% CI 0.7-6.2%) had actionable infections that were treated. Serology identified no HIV (0/218) or hepatitis C cases (0/212), one syphilis case (0.5%, 95% CI 0.0-2.6%, 1/209), and three chronic hepatitis B cases (1.4%, 95% CI 0.3-3.9%, 3/221). None of the cases had symptoms recorded. Urine NAAT identified six infections (four actionable) not detectable by serology. However, three of eight patients with actionable infections were lost to follow-up, highlighting that the benefit of systematic screening depends on strengthening linkage-to-care alongside testing. • Serological screening (HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B/C) is standard in arrival health assessments for unaccompanied migrant minors, but systematic STI screening beyond serology is not routinely protocoled. • Systematic screening is especially valuable in this population, as follow-up is often limited by care fragmentation and transfers between reception centers. • Urine-based NAAT screening identified additional STI in patients with no symptoms recorded, that were not detectable by serology alone.

PMID 42928391
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PubMedCancer discovery2026-10-26

First mRNA Cancer Vaccine Succeeds in Phase III Trial.

Adding the mRNA-based individualized neoantigen vaccine intismeran autogene to the PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab following surgery for melanoma reduced the risk of disease recurrence or death by 42%, according to the results of the phase III INTerpath-0001 trial. The data were presented at the ESMO Congress 2026, held October 23-27, in Madrid, Spain.

PMID 42929716
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PubMedEpidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-26

A Carriage-Structured Model of Meningococcal Meningitis: Backward Bifurcation, Seasonal Recurrence, and the Reach of Conjugate-Vaccine Strategies in the African Meningitis Belt.

Gatyeni Siphokazi Princess SP

Epidemic meningococcal meningitis in the African meningitis belt recurs on two timescales: a sharp annual dry-season peak and irregular multi-annual epidemics five to twelve years apart, whose mechanistic origin remains unsettled. Invasive disease is a rare, dead-end outcome of asymptomatic nasopharyngeal carriage, so susceptible-infectious templates misrepresent community transmission. We ask how carriage structure shapes bifurcation, seasonal recurrence, and the reach of conjugate-vaccine strategies. We formulate a deterministic carriage-structured model in which only carriers transmit, immunity against re-acquisition is leaky, and a conjugate vaccine is imperfect and wanes. We use the Castillo-Chavez-Song centre manifold method, numerical continuation, Floquet and eigenvalue analysis, and scenario simulations of abstract rate- and pulse-type interventions parameterised from published belt ranges. The basic reproduction number R0 is a property of carriage transmission, decoupled to first order from disease incidence. Backward bifurcation at R0=1 is governed by a threshold ε∗ on carriage-blocking immunity; only the untreated fatality hazard and treatment capacity are absent from the local condition. It is impossible without vaccination and, with any positive routine coverage, persists across the plausible coverage range, giving vaccine-induced bistability. Continuation confirms a fold at R0,c≈0.946 (φ=0.12yr-1, weak carriage immunity), but not at baseline immunity. Under seasonal forcing, dynamics converge to a simple annual cycle throughout the region searched; we found no multi-annual recurrence, although damped eigenmodes of the unforced system have periods overlapping the observed interval. Within this deterministic, single-strain model, irregular recurrence likely requires additional structure, with stochastic amplification of damped cycles a natural next step. Whether sustained immunisation eliminates epidemics or merely postpones them may depend on the same carriage-efficacy threshold that governs the bistability result.

PMID 42930328
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