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PEG IFN alpha-2a (CAP/CTM HCV 2.0)

✓ Approved

Roche · 辅助诊断 · 辅助诊断

什么是 PEG IFN alpha-2a？

PEG IFN alpha-2a 是一种辅助诊断，由Roche研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Others。

药物档案

商品名CAP/CTM HCV 2.0
公司Roche
药物类别辅助诊断
给药途径Others
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Roche

相关研究文献

PubMedAutophagy2026-10-26

AKT1-phosphorylated TERT assembles a FOXO3-MYC transcriptional complex that drives ERphagy and proteostasis in post-mitotic RPE.

Babu Vishnu Suresh VS, Ghosh Sayan S, Bammidi Sridhar S, Jiwon Ryu R et al.

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) sustains lifelong proteostasis under chronic stress, yet how post-mitotic cells activate macroautophagy/autophagy when canonical kinase pathways suppress it remains unresolved. Here we demonstrate that AKT1 (protein kinase B alpha), drives autophagy through a non-canonical transcriptional mechanism triggered by isoform imbalance. In RPE and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) models, AKT2 (protein kinase B beta) hyperactivation destabilizes MTORC2 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2) and engages RPS6KB/S6K (ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta) -mediated IRS-1 (insulin Receptor Substrate 1) inhibition, creating a feedforward autophagic arrest. Compensatory AKT1 activation via MTORC2 phosphorylates TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase) at serine 824, driving nuclear translocation that is independent of telomere maintenance. In the nucleus, TERT assembles with FOXO3 (forkhead Box O3) and MYC (MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor) into a tripartite transcriptional complex that occupies the EIF2AK3/PERK promoter (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3/ protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase), enabling EIF2AK3 transcriptional activation. This activity converts the unfolded protein response from pro-apoptotic to cytoprotective: EIF2AK3-ATF4 (activating transcription factor 4) signaling promotes core autophagy machinery biogenesis and selective ERphagy through the receptors TEX264 (testis expressed 264) and CCPG1(cell cycle progression 1), which prevents pathological EIF2AK3 clustering and preserves tubular ER architecture in diseased RPE. Using C. elegans phosphorylation-deficient mutants, mouse models and AMD patient iPSC-RPE, we establish that AKT1-mediated TERT phosphorylation is an evolutionarily conserved prerequisite for FOXO/DAF-16 nuclear function and lysosomal homeostasis in post-mitotic cells, offering therapeutic potential through targeted pharmacologic inhibition of AKT2.Abbreviations: ACTB: actin, beta; AKT1: AKT serine/threonine kinase 1; AKT2: AKT serine/threonine kinase 2; ALP: autophagy-lysosomal pathway; AMD: age-related macular degeneration, ATF4: activating transcription factor 4; ATG3: autophagy related 3; ATG4B: autophagy related 4B cysteine peptidase; ATG7: autophagy related 7; CCPG1: cell cycle progression 1; CFH: complement factor H; C57BL/6J: C57 black 6J; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; MYC: MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor; EIF2A/eIF2α: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A; EIF2AK3/PERK: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ERN1/IRE-1α: endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1; ERphagy: endoplasmic reticulum-selective autophagy; FOXO1: forkhead box O1; FOXO3: forkhead box O3; iPSC-RPE: induced pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium; ITGB1/integrin β1: integrin subunit beta 1; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAPKAP1/SIN1: MAPK associated protein 1; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MTORC1: MTOR complex 1; MTORC2: MTOR complex 2; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RICTOR: RPTOR independent companion of MTOR complex 2; RPE: retinal pigment epithelium; RPTOR: regulatory associated protein of MTOR complex 1; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TERT: telomerase reverse transcriptase; TEX264: testis expressed 264, ER-phagy receptor; UPR: unfolded protein response; VCL: vinculin; WT: wild type.

PMID 42929416
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PubMedInorganic chemistry2026-10-26

Solution and Mechanochemical Reactions of a Diphosphene with Elemental Sulfur.

Kawase Yuria Y, Ito Kanta K, Omi Cocoro C, Ota Kei K et al.

The bulky Eind-substituted diphosphene, (Eind)P═P(Eind) (1a), reacted with an excess of elemental sulfur (S8) in solution at elevated temperatures to produce an isolable monomeric P(V) species, dithioxophosphorane, (Eind)P(═S)2 (4a), along with cleavage of the P═P double bond (Eind = 1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7-octaethyl-s-hydrindacen-4-yl). A three-membered P2S ring compound with formally P(II) centers, thiadiphosphirane, (Eind)P(S)P(Eind) (2a), was isolated as an intermediate in this solution-phase reaction. In contrast, mechanochemical treatment of 1a with S8 by ball milling under solid-state conditions afforded a P(I)/P(III) mixed-valent diphosphorus species, diphosphene sulfide, (Eind)(S═)P═P(Eind) (3a), which gradually isomerized to 2a at room temperature. The sulfurized products 2a, 3a, and 4a were characterized by 31P NMR spectroscopy, and the molecular structures of 2a and 4a were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) analysis. The structural and electronic properties of these sulfurized products were further investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations.

PMID 42929623
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PubMedChembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology2026-10-26

Violet Phosphorus Nanodots for Long-Term Cell Imaging With Persistent Intracellular Stability.

Dai Shiling S, Zhao Xinyi X, Liu Zhengyi Z, Hu Kerui K et al.

Long-term cellular imaging probes with high photoluminescence intensity/stability and high biocompatibility are crucial for advanced in vitro cell imaging and long-term cell tracing. However, conventional organic fluorescent dyes are prone to photobleaching and require assistance to enter cells. Here, NH2-PEG-NH2 was adopted to modify violet phosphorus quantum dots to obtain PEG-VPNDs with strong and stable photoluminescence, where bond contacts were built between NH2-PEG-NH2 and phosphorus through P─N and P─O to keep robust structures. The PEG-VPNDs have been demonstrated to have outstanding photoluminescence stability both in solution and intracellular environments. No photoluminescence decay was observed after 60 days of storage under ambient conditions or after continuous irradiation with a 300 W xenon lamp for 3 h, in contrast to the photobleaching observed in organic fluorescent dyes. The PEG-VPNDs were also demonstrated to easily enter A2780 and SKOV3 cells and stay outside the nucleus without any assistance, where no decay was observed for photoluminescence of PEG-VPNDs even for 96 h. The PEG-VPNDs have been demonstrated to have high viability in A2780 and SKOV3 cells with concentration of 144 ppm. The photoluminescence performance with high intracellular stability and high biocompatibility makes PEG-VPNDs a promising candidate for long-term bioimaging, cell tracing and other biomedical applications.

PMID 42928630
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PubMedThe journal of applied laboratory medicine2026-10-26

Establishment of Sex-Specific Reference Intervals for Total and Post-PEG Prolactin on an Automated Analyzer.

Miller Jessica J, Leung Jason J, Cheng Pow Lee PL, Wang Xiao Yan XY et al.

The detection of macroprolactin with common prolactin immunoassays complicates the clinical diagnosis of true hyperprolactinemia, thereby causing clinical confusion. We aimed to establish sex-specific reference intervals (RIs) for total and post-polyethylene glycol (PEG) prolactin on the Abbott Alinity i Prolactin Assay. Total prolactin was measured in serum samples from 121 males and 126 females using the current Abbott Alinity i prolactin assay pre- and post-PEG precipitation. Reference intervals were established using R. The RIs for total prolactin was 72.3 to 634.0 mIU/L (3.4 to 29.8 ug/L) for males and 68.1 to 791.5 mIU/L (3.2 to 37.2 ug/L) in females. The post-PEG prolactin RIs established were 46.8 to 361.7 mIU/L (2.2 to 17.0 ug/L) in males and 40.4 to 517.0 mIU/L (1.9 to 24.3 ug/L) in females. The upper limit of these RIs are 75% and 53% lower than total prolactin RIs for males and females respectively, depicting precipitation of a macroprolactin and/or a mixture of dimeric and macroprolactin by PEG. The current convention in macroprolactin reporting is to report the results as a percentage of prolactin recovered post-PEG precipitation compared to total prolactin, with a typical cutoff of <40% recovery to indicate positivity for macroprolactin. These findings support the potential use of assay-specific post-PEG reference intervals as a quantitative complement to percentage recovery reporting and may help to identify patients with elevated post-PEG prolactin concentrations who warrant further clinical evaluation.

PMID 42928585
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PubMedCells2026-10-26

Stem Cell-Based Therapies in Companion Animals: Molecular Mechanisms, Clinical Applications, and Translational Perspectives.

Liu Weina W, Wang Yu Y, An Wei W, Wang Zhenlong Z et al.

Stem cell-based therapies, as regenerative and immunomodulatory strategies, show substantial potential in companion animals through tissue repair, functional recovery, and immune modulation. Despite advances in human stem cell research, veterinary clinical translation remains constrained by small sample sizes, short follow-up periods, and non-standardized cell dosing regimens and delivery protocols. The expanding repertoire of stem cell-based modalities and technologies-including mesenchymal stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, extracellular vesicles, and tissue engineering-provides promising avenues for clinical application. This review summarizes recent progress in stem cell-based therapies across multiple disease systems in dogs and cats, with particular attention to the molecular mechanisms underlying regenerative and immunomodulatory effects, cross-species translational strategies, current challenges, and combinatorial therapeutic approaches in companion animals. By examining mechanistic findings alongside preclinical and early clinical evidence, this review highlights the limitations of current knowledge and identifies research priorities for evaluating the safety and efficacy of stem cell-based therapies in dogs and cats.

PMID 42929856
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PubMedVeterinary medicine international2026-10-26

Zoonotic Potential of Non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter Species Associated With Dogs and Cats in Human Infections: A Systematic Review.

Al-Gburi Nagham Mohammed NM

Non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter (NHPH) spp. are clinically relevant organisms found in humans and several animal hosts. Dogs and cats are natural hosts of multiple gastric and enterohepatic NHPH spp. and may represent potential sources of human exposure. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the clinical, epidemiological, and molecular evidence concerning human infections involving dog- and cat-associated NHPH spp. and to evaluate the evidence for a possible epidemiological association with companion animals. PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for studies published from 2000 through the final search on April 15, 2026. Eligible studies reported human infection with NHPH spp. involving H. heilmannii sensu stricto (s.s), H. felis, H. bizzozeronii, H. salomonis, or H. canis. The following information was extracted: study and patient characteristics, NHPH species, human samples, diagnostic techniques, molecular confirmation, immunological state, clinical results, and exposure to dogs and/or cats. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist appropriate for each study design. Of 350 records identified, 51 studies met the inclusion criteria. The evidence consisted predominantly of case reports. H. heilmannii-related organisms were the most frequently reported, followed by H. canis, H. felis, H. bizzozeronii, and H. salomonis. Gastric NHPH infections were predominantly associated with gastric disease, while H. canis was mainly associated with systemic and extragastric infections, especially in immunocompromised or clinically vulnerable patients. Molecular confirmation was reported in 66.7% of studies (34/51), with one additional study providing molecular confirmation for only 2 of 22 cases. Dog and/or cat exposure was documented in 41.2% of studies (21/51). Although several studies identified the same NHPH spp. in humans and companion animals, paired strain-level molecular evidence remained limited and was insufficient to establish the direction of transmission. Numerous gastrointestinal and systemic infections in humans have been linked to NHPH spp. found in dogs and cats. According to available data, dogs and cats may act as reservoirs or sources of human NHPH infection, given the recognized zoonotic potential of these pathogens. However, direct animal-to-human transmission and its direction have not been conclusively established. This is largely due to the limited availability of strain-level molecular comparisons and paired human-animal sampling. To clarify transmission routes and improve integrated One Health surveillance, consistent molecular identification and comparative genomic studies are therefore required.

PMID 42928729
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