若生智能
Drug Database
ES

estradiol (Vagifem)

✓ Approved

Novo Nordisk A/S · ESR1 · 小分子

什么是 estradiol？

estradiol 是一种小分子，由Novo Nordisk A/S研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Intravaginal。

药物档案

商品名Vagifem
公司Novo Nordisk A/S
药物类别小分子
分子靶点ESR1
给药途径Intravaginal
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Novo Nordisk A/S

作用机制

分子靶点

estradiol 作用于 1 个分子靶点：

ESR1estrogen receptor 1 (ER, ESR)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

estradiol 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Reproductive system and breast disordersAtrophic vulvovaginitis✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedInternational urogynecology journal2026-07-27

Obliterative Repair for Pelvic Organ Prolapse: Retrospective Cohort Comparing Three Techniques.

Mendonça Carolina C, Amaral Njila N, Lermann Rita R, Bacalhau Denise D et al.

Obliterative surgery is a well-established treatment for advanced pelvic organ prolapse (POP) in women who no longer desire vaginal intercourse. Comparative data between techniques remain limited; this study evaluated outcomes of three obliterative procedures in a tertiary centre. This retrospective cohort included all women undergoing obliterative POP surgery between 2012 and 2024. Procedures were colpocleisis (vault), colpocleisis with vaginal hysterectomy, and Le Fort colpocleisis. Primary outcomes were objective cure (maintenance of vaginal closure without prolapse beyond the hymen), and subjective cure (absence of bulge symptoms). Secondary outcomes included length of hospitalization, recurrence, postoperative complications, and de novo or worsening urgency urinary incontinence. Group comparisons used ANOVA and chi-square tests (p < 0.05). A total of 144 women were analysed (median age 76 years); 98% presented with Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) stage III-IV. Colpocleisis (vault) was performed in 35%, colpocleisis with hysterectomy in 42%, and Le Fort in 23%. Objective cure rates were 92%, 89%, and 85% (p = 0.58), while subjective cure was achieved in 94%, 92%, and 91% (p = 0.70). Hospitalization was longer after colpocleisis with hysterectomy (p = 0.0016). Recurrence (6-12%, p = 0.61) and postoperative complications (0-7%, p = 0.38) were similarly low across groups. All three obliterative techniques demonstrated excellent anatomical and symptomatic success with minimal morbidity. Differences were limited to length of hospitalization. These findings reinforce obliterative surgery as a simple, safe, and durable option for women with advanced POP who do not wish to preserve vaginal sexual function.

PMID 42507148
阅读全文 →
PubMedInternational urogynecology journal2026-07-27

Late Omental Evisceration Following Sacrospinous Ligament Fixation: A Case Report and a Focused Literature Review.

Mendoza-Huerta Manuel M, Delgado-Pascuaza Yudy Lorena YL, Martínez-Rentería Jeanette J, Hernández-García Aldo Alexis AA et al.

Vaginal vault dehiscence with evisceration is a rare but severe complication following pelvic reconstructive surgery. Late presentations after sacrospinous ligament fixation (SSLF) are particularly uncommon. We report a rare case of late vaginal vault dehiscence with omental evisceration in a menopausal patient 2 years after SSLF, along with a structured review of the literature. A 65-year-old menopausal woman presented with acute pelvic pain and vaginal protrusion of omental tissue 13 years after a vaginal hysterectomy and 2 years after SSLF. Examination revealed a 2-cm vaginal cuff defect with omental evisceration. She underwent urgent transvaginal surgery, including partial omentectomy, reduction of viable tissue, vaginal cuff repair, and McCall culdoplasty. Recovery was uneventful. Late vaginal vault dehiscence after SSLF is rare but should be considered a surgical emergency. Our accompanying literature review highlights the spectrum of delayed presentations, common triggers, and management strategies, emphasizing the need for long-term surveillance. Isolated omental evisceration may represent a precursor phase of vault failure before bowel involvement. Prompt diagnosis and management are essential to prevent progression to bowel involvement and associated morbidity.

PMID 42507146
阅读全文 →
PubMedJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)2026-07-27

Differential Virulence of Vaginal Candida albicans Isolates Correlates with Host Inflammatory Responses in VVC/RVVC.

Pedretti Natalia N, Spaggiari Luca L, Ricchi Francesco F, Kenno Samyr S et al.

Candida albicans (C. albicans) is a commensal of the vaginal mucosa and the main etiological agent of acute and recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC/RVVC). Disease severity is thought to depend on a dysregulated host inflammatory response to Candida, not necessarily associated with increased fungal burden and/or morphogenesis. The role of strain-specific differences leading to epithelial immune response or tolerance remains undefined. In this study, we compared the virulence profile of vaginal C. albicans isolates from women with acute VVC/RVVC (VVC/RVVC), asymptomatic colonizer (Colonizing), and VVC/RVVC associated with microbial co-infections (Co-infections). Isolates were evaluated for growth and biofilm formation under standard culture conditions and tested in an in vitro vaginal epithelial cell (VEC) infection model to assess fungal shedding, epithelial damage, and cytokine production. Corresponding vaginal samples were analyzed for C. albicans morphology, polymorphonuclear neutrophil presence, microbiota composition, cytokines levels, and anti-C. albicans IgA production. No significant differences in growth or biofilm formation were observed among isolates under culture conditions. However, VEC infection revealed strain-dependent differences: acute VVC/RVVC and Co-infections isolates induced greater fungal shedding, while VVC/RVVC isolates caused increased epithelial damage and showed a trend toward higher cytokine production. Vaginal samples from symptomatic groups displayed increased neutrophils, hyphal morphology, elevated IL-1α, IL-1β, and anti-Candida IgA, but not IL-1Ra, without differences in lactobacilli abundance or Community-State-Type (CST) distribution. These findings suggest that C. albicans pathogenicity in VVC depends on strain-specific interactions with VEC driving differential host responses.

PMID 42506270
阅读全文 →
PubMedAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2026-07-27

The Impact of Vaginal Bacteria and Antimicrobial Treatment on Pregnancy Outcomes in Healthy Breeding Bitches.

Rojahn Alicia A, Leps Anna Sophia AS, Packeiser Eva-Maria EM, Siesenop Ute U et al.

Background/Objectives: Prophylactic antimicrobial use prior to mating in clinically healthy breeding bitches based on vaginal culture results is common despite lacking evidence for a beneficial effect on fertility. Thus, this practice is questionable due to the risk of the development of antimicrobial resistance and dysbiosis. The study aimed to investigate whether vaginal bacteria and antimicrobial treatment influence the pregnancy outcome. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed vaginal swab results from healthy breeding bitches prior to mating. Samples were examined using aerobic culture, and bacterial isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF. The medical records provided data on antimicrobial treatment and pregnancy outcome. Results: Of the 961 available samples, 467 cases had complete information about antimicrobial use and pregnancy outcome. Overall pregnancy rates did not differ significantly between antimicrobial-treated (81.7%) and untreated bitches (79.8%) (p = 0.6922), nor in cases with monocultures (p = 0.4823), high-grade bacterial growth (p = 0.4291), or high-grade growth of Escherichia coli (p > 0.9999) and Streptococcus canis (p = 0.711). Conclusions: In this study population, antimicrobial use did not improve pregnancy rates in healthy bitches, even in cases of opportunistic bacteria. No correlation between vaginal bacteria, antimicrobial use, and pregnancy outcome was identified. Based on these findings, antimicrobial treatment of clinically healthy animals as part of breeding management cannot be recommended and should be disregarded in the context of responsible antimicrobial use.

PMID 42505600
阅读全文 →
PubMedCureus2026-07-27

De Novo Proliferative Glomerulonephritis With Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Deposits (PGNMID) in a Renal Transplant Recipient.

Murugesan Ram Prabahar RP, Sivanandam Sathiyan S, Jayam Jayanivash J, Kurian Anila A AA

Proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin deposits (PGNMID) represents a distinct glomerular pathology, classified under monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS). In renal transplant, PGNMID usually develops as a recurrent disease, but can rarely arise de novo. Recurrence is relatively common, typically appearing within five to six months post-transplant, and is linked to poor graft outcomes. De novo PGNMID is exceedingly rare, with few reported in the literature. It generally presents in the late post-transplant period, with a more indolent clinical course and a variable response to immunotherapy. This case report is of a 50-year-old patient who had diabetic nephropathy as his native kidney disease. This report documents a unique instance of de novo PGNMID, occurring three years post-transplantation with persistent allograft dysfunction. The transplant kidney biopsy showed mesangial hypercellularity with immunoglobulin (Ig)G and kappa light chain deposition by immunofluorescence; however, electron microscopy was non-contributory due to the absence of viable glomeruli. Despite extensive evaluation, we could not identify any clone contributing to the MGRS in the bone marrow, nor could we identify any other evidence of lymphoproliferative disease on positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT). We managed the patient with empirical clone-directed therapy against a likely B-cell clone using Rituximab. During rituximab therapy, the patient developed E. coli urosepsis, which was managed successfully. At the last follow-up, graft function remained stable without progression, although the duration of follow-up is limited.

PMID 42504369
阅读全文 →
PubMedLangmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids2026-07-27

Self-Assembly of Virus-like Nanoparticles for Nucleic Acid Delivery Based on De Novo Designed α-Helix Peptides.

Han Mingshan M, Feng Jintao J, Rong Xi X, Ye Yuzhi Y et al.

Efficient and safe delivery of nucleic acids remains a major challenge for clinical translation of gene therapies. Here, we report de novo-designed α-helical peptides that coassemble with lipids and nucleic acids to form core-shell, virus-like nanoparticles (VLNs). The peptides combine a cationic N-terminus for nucleic acid binding, an anionic C-terminus for lipid coordination, and pH-responsive residues that promote endolysosomal escape. The resulting VLNs achieved up to 91.2% mRNA transfection and 93.1% siRNA-mediated gene knockdown in vitro, outperforming Lipofectamine 2000. This work demonstrates a programmable, rational design strategy to produce virus-mimetic nanocarriers that address key extracellular and intracellular barriers in nucleic acid therapeutics.

PMID 42503802
阅读全文 →

注册免费账户还可查看另外 9996 篇文献

免费注册查看全部文献 →

了解更多estradiol