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tramadol (Qdolo)

✓ Approved

Athena Bioscience, LLC · 小分子 · 小分子

什么是 tramadol？

tramadol 是一种小分子，由Athena Bioscience, LLC研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Oral (PO)。

药物档案

商品名Qdolo
公司Athena Bioscience, LLC
药物类别小分子
给药途径Oral (PO)
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Athena Bioscience, LLC

治疗适应症

tramadol 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Gastrointestinal disordersAbdominal pain✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedJournal of agromedicine2026-10-26

The Triple Burden: Tramadol, NSAIDS, and Energy Drinks Among Agricultural Workers in La Gomera, Guatemala: An Anthropological Study.

Gómez-López Diana D, Orozco Fernando F, Herrera Sandra S, Esteban Melissa M et al.

Agriculture is a major economic activity in Guatemala. Workers in sugarcane, banana, and African palm plantations face high risk of chronic kidney disease of non-traditional causes (CKDnT). During 2021- 2023, Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) implemented a project in Guatemala to provide comprehensive care for CKDnT. The frequent use of potentially nephrotoxic substances, such as medications and energy drinks, was documented. This qualitative study, conducted during 2023, aimed to understand this practice and its relation to agricultural work. Interviews, focus group discussions, and pile sorting technique were implemented for data collection. Participants (n = 24) were plantation workers (n = 13), supervisors (n = 5), labor authorities (n = 2), and healthcare staff (n = 4). Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Deductive and inductive thematic analysis was performed using NVivo. Three core themes emerged: (1) substances, motivations, practices of use, and availability, with tramadol, energy drinks, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs commonly consumed in various ways (drunk, swallowed, inhaled, or spread on cigarettes to be smoked) to sustain labor; (2) work dynamics and its relation to the use of substances; and (3) perception of health risks related to the use of substances. Piecework payment systems incentivize high production, framing substance use as a necessity to increase energy and manage pain and fatigue. Use of medications and other substances was described as socially accepted and normalized. Addressing CKDnT requires structural interventions and culturally adapted health promotion strategies. Agricultural work dynamics in Guatemala contribute to the use of medications and substances that influence agricultural workers health. Structural causes, including factors such as poverty, instability, and social dynamics, further hinder substance discontinuation. Further interdisciplinary research is needed to deepen the understanding of this practice and its relationship with the high prevalence of CKDnT.

PMID 42929053
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PubMedLakartidningen2026-10-23

[Regional variations in opioid prescribing across Sweden's 21 counties].

Bäckryd Emmanuel E

The Swedish Board of Health and Welfare holds a statistical database with aggregated data on all dispensed prescription drugs in Swedish pharmacies since 2006. In this study, regional variations in opioid prescribing were analyzed by looking at yearly prevalence data for Sweden's 21 counties, focusing on 7 major medical opioids used in Sweden in 2024: buprenorphine (N02AE01), fentanyl (N02AB03), codeine (N02AJ06), morphine (N02AA01), oxycodone-naloxone (N02AA55), oxycodone (N02AA05), and tramadol (N02AX02). Principal component analysis was used to find patterns in the data. The yearly prevalence of overall opioid use in Sweden has declined from roughly 8 percent of the population in 2006-2016 to 6 percent in 2024. However, substantial geographic differences were identified in 2024. Two counties showed a relatively high prescribing of codeine and morphine. By contrast, while oxycodone dominated prescribing in all counties, 14 counties were characterized by a very high use of oxycodone, and some of them also by a high use of oxycodone-naloxone. Overall, the magnitude of inter-county differences was striking. For example, the oxycodone to morphine ratio was more than 15:1 in Södermanland compared with approximately 1:1 in Jämtland. It seems unlikely that these differences can be explained solely by sociodemographic differences. Instead, this suggests the presence of distinct regional treatment traditions. The study does not evaluate indications, treatment duration, or sociodemographic confounders. Nevertheless, the findings raise important questions about clinical reasoning, local prescribing cultures, and the need for further research to understand the drivers behind Sweden's pronounced regional variations in opioid prescribing.

PMID 42910524
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PubMedBMC pediatrics2026-10-22

Comparison of the efficacy of pentazocine and tramadol for reducing emergence agitation in children after general anesthesia: a retrospective cohort study.

Ren Weilian W, Wang Bingqi B, Han Baoyu B, Li Hao H

Emergence agitation (EA) is a common postoperative complication in pediatric anesthesia that can lead to serious safety events and increased healthcare burden. Both pentazocine and tramadol are frequently used for postoperative analgesia in children, but their comparative effectiveness in preventing EA remains unknown. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of a single intravenous dose of tramadol versus pentazocine for reducing EA in children undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. This single-center retrospective cohort study included 240 children aged 2-12 years who underwent elective tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy under general anesthesia with remimazolam induction. Patients received either pentazocine 0.4 mg/kg or tramadol 1 mg/kg intravenously immediately after surgery. The primary outcome was the incidence of EA, defined as a Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale score ≥ 10 at any time during the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) stay. Secondary outcomes included PAED score trajectories over time, PACU stay duration, postoperative pain (FLACC scale), and adverse events (nausea/vomiting, respiratory depression). Statistical analyses primarily used multivariable logistic regression; secondary and sensitivity analyses (linear mixed models, generalized estimating equations, spline-based models, and Cox regression) were performed to assess robustness and are detailed in the Supplementary Material. The unadjusted incidence of EA was 0.8% (1/120) in the tramadol group and 14.2% (17/120) in the pentazocine group (relative risk 17.00, 95% CI: 2.30-125.73, p < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders, showed that the pentazocine group had higher odds of EA (OR = 12.61, 95% CI: 2.33-234.43, p = 0.017), although the wide confidence intervals reflect the low event rate. Linear mixed models suggested a significant group-by-time interaction (p < 0.001), with higher PAED scores in the pentazocine group at 5 and 10 min but convergence by 20 min. Exploratory time-to-event analyses (Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression) suggested that the pentazocine group had a slower agitation resolution rate compared with the tramadol group (HR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.56-0.96, p = 0.025), consistent with faster resolution in the tramadol group. However, these results should be interpreted cautiously due to fixed-time assessments. PACU stay was shorter in the tramadol group (median 32 vs. 34 min, p < 0.001). Adverse event rates were low and comparable between groups. Extended analyses (GEE, spline-based models) consistently supported the primary findings (see Supplementary Material). In this retrospective cohort, tramadol was associated with a lower incidence of EA and faster recovery compared with pentazocine, without an observed increase in short-term adverse events. The adjusted odds ratio of 12.61 has an extremely wide 95% CI, reflecting statistical instability; this estimate should not be interpreted as a precise effect size. Due to the very low event rate (one event in the tramadol group) and other limitations (retrospective design, potential residual confounding), these findings should be considered hypothesis-generating and suggestive rather than definitive. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm whether tramadol offers a clinically meaningful advantage over pentazocine in this population.

PMID 42907809
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PubMedAddiction & health2026-10-20

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in a 28-Year-Old Male Subsequent to Inappropriate Naloxone Administration.

Faress Foroozan F, Nasri Nasrabadi Zeynab Z, Aghajani Delavar Motahare M, Jodaki Kurosh K et al.

Tramadol, a centrally-acting analgesic, is widely used for the management of moderate to severe pain. It is preferred in clinical settings due to its superior effectiveness and safety profile compared to other opioids. However, recent research has indicated a potential risk of tramadol-induced seizures, especially when consumed in high dosages or in combination with other substances. We present a case of a 28-year-old male who was brought to the Emergency Department approximately 30 minutes after administering 0.4 mg of naloxone intravenously by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) personnel. The administration was necessitated by a decline in the patient's level of consciousness, the onset of lip cyanosis, and suspected tramadol poisoning. The patient was intubated on-site before being transported to the Emergency Department. Upon arrival, despite receiving 40% FiO2, his O2 saturation was at 88%. Bibasilar crackles were detected during chest auscultation. A CT scan of his chest revealed the presence of bilateral alveolar infiltrates, primarily in the lower lobes. As a result, the patient was diagnosed with acute respiratory distress syndrome and was transferred to the intensive care unit for further care.

PMID 42898721
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PubMedAesthetic plastic surgery2026-10-20

Bilateral Ultrasound-Guided Erector Spinae Plane Block versus Serratus Anterior Plane Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Breast Reduction Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized, Outcome Assessor- Blinded, Controlled Trial.

Kilinc Leyla L, Turk Hacer Sebnem HS, Salkaya Aysel A, Yildiz Sevki S et al.

Breast reduction surgery is a common aesthetic procedure associated with significant postoperative pain. Effective analgesia plays an important role in reducing opioid consumption, minimizing adverse effects, facilitating postoperative recovery, and improving patient satisfaction. Fascial plane blocks have recently gained popularity for breast surgery. This randomized study aimed to compare the effects of bilateral erector spinae plane block (ESPB) and serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) on postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing breast reduction surgery. Seventy female patients undergoing bilateral breast reduction surgery were randomly allocated into two groups: ESPB (Group ESPB, n = 35) and SAPB (Group SAPB, n = 35). Blocks were performed bilaterally under ultrasound guidance, with 20 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine each side, 30 min before surgery. All procedures were performed using the wise-pattern reduction mammoplasty technique with a superiomedial pedicle by the same surgical team. Postoperative analgesia included intravenous paracetamol, ibuprofen, and intravenous tramadol patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). Primer outcome was 24-h tramadol consumption through intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). Secondary outcomes included time to first analgesic requirement from PCA, postoperative pain scores (NRS), intraoperative remifentanil consumption, perioperative variables, length of hospital stay, and adverse effects. Primary-outcome data were available for 35 SAPB and 34 ESPB patients. Mean 24-hour tramadol consumption was 70.0 ± 37.7 mg with SAPB and 53.2 ± 29.1 mg with ESPB (mean difference, SAPB minus ESPB, 16.8 mg; 95% confidence interval, 0.5-33.0 mg; p = 0.043). Median time to first analgesic requirement was 420 min with SAPB and 630 min with ESPB (log-rank p < 0.001). Pain scores did not differ significantly. Nausea occurred in five SAPB patients and no ESPB patients (Fisher's exact p = 0.054); vomiting occurred in either group. Bradycardia occurred in one ESPB group patient (p = 1). In this single-center trial, ESPB was associated with lower 24-h tramadol consumption and a longer time to first PCA demand than SAPB, while pain scores were comparable. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

PMID 42900383
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PubMedJournal of general internal medicine2026-10-20

Opioid and Gabapentinoid Prescribing in Older Adults with Dementia Before and After the 2016 CDC Opioid Prescribing Guideline.

Veschio Taylor T, McKendrick Karen K, Li Lihua L, Harrison Krista K et al.

In March 2016, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued guidelines advising against opioid use for most chronic pain because of their associated risks. Evaluating how this guideline affected subsequent opioid and non-opioid analgesic prescribing in older adults with dementia is critical, as this population is at heightened risk for both pain undertreatment and adverse medication effects. To evaluate whether the 2016 CDC opioid prescribing guideline was associated with changes in opioid and gabapentinoid prescribing in older adults with dementia. Interrupted time series analysis of a longitudinal cohort from 2010 to 2022. Community-dwelling older adults (≥ 65 years) with dementia enrolled in the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS), a nationally representative survey linked to Medicare claims. Quarterly prescribing rates of opioids (typical opioids, tramadol, buprenorphine) and gabapentinoids (gabapentin, pregabalin) before and after CDC guideline release. Interrupted time series models estimated level (immediate) and trend (slope) changes associated with the guideline. We identified 3246 older adults with dementia (median age [IQR] 80.7 [73.8-86.2] years; 61.4% female). Typical opioid prescribing declined by 26.5% over the study period, but the guideline was not associated with this decline (trend change: 0.09 [95% CI -0.1, 0.3] percentage points [ppts]/quarter; level change -1.5 [95% CI -4.1, 1.0] ppt). The guideline was associated with the 27.1% decrease in tramadol prescribing (trend change: -0.2 ppts/quarter [95% CI, -0.3, -0.1]; level change: -1.8 [95% CI, -3.1, -0.6] ppts). Gabapentinoid prescribing increased from 9.5% to 11.5%, with no change in trend (0.0 ppts/quarter [95% CI, -0.01 to 0.02]) after the guideline release. Buprenorphine prescribing remained near zero. We identified analgesic selection shifts rather than uniform opioid reductions following the CDC guideline release, but the impact of these shifts on symptom control remains unknown. More nuanced, evidence-based analgesic prescribing guidance is needed for older adults with dementia.

PMID 42900430
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