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dihydroxyacetone (Nigrantil)

✓ Approved

Vinas · 小分子 · 小分子

什么是 dihydroxyacetone？

dihydroxyacetone 是一种小分子，由Vinas研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症。

药物档案

商品名Nigrantil
公司Vinas
药物类别小分子
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Vinas

治疗适应症

dihydroxyacetone 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disordersVitiligo✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedOncology letters2026-10-25

Serum metabolomic signatures associated with gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma: A dual-platform mass spectrometry study.

Cao Huiling H, Guo Shuwei S, Li Jinchang J, Bian Yuying Y et al.

Gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma (GSRCC), a distinct subtype of gastric adenocarcinoma, is associated with increasing incidence and poor prognosis. The metabolic landscape remains poorly understood and non-invasive biomarkers for early detection are limited. The present study aimed to explore the metabolic signatures for GSRCC using metabolomics profiling. Serum samples from 8 treatment-naive patients with GSRCC and 10 healthy controls were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Differential metabolites were identified through multivariate statistical analysis (principal component analysis, partial least squares discriminant analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis) with a criteria of variable importance in projection >1, q<0.05 (Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate correction) and log2 fold change >0.58. Metabolic pathway enrichment was performed using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database. Key metabolites associated with routine clinical biochemistry parameters were analyzed in an independent cohort (35 patients with GSRCC and 35 controls). A total of 68 differential metabolites were identified (25 upregulated and 43 downregulated), predominantly comprising of phospholipids and amino acids. Pathway enrichment revealed significant alterations in 'choline metabolism in cancer', 'glycerophospholipid metabolism', 'pentose and glucuronate interconversions' and 'arginine biosynthesis' (all P<0.05; q<0.05). Among the enriched pathway-associated metabolites, phosphatidylcholine [PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z)] and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) acyl ester showed the most significant differences (q<0.05) and demonstrated area under the curve values exceeding 0.80 (0.89 and 0.99, respectively). Patients with GSRCC exhibited significantly lower levels of cholinesterase, total protein, albumin and hemoglobin compared with controls (all P<0.01). Overall, the present study identified serum metabolomic alterations in GSRCC, highlighting the key role of choline and glycerophospholipid metabolism, with PC[20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z)] and DHAP acyl ester representing exploratory candidate metabolic signatures associated with GSRCC, providing a foundation for future biomarker discovery.

PMID 42923593
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PubMedProtein and peptide letters2026-10-22

Beyond Glycolysis: Multifaceted Roles of Triosephosphate Isomerase 1 (TPI1) in Malignant Tumor Progression.

Li Xiang X, Wang Han H, Xie Yihan Y, Li Wenxin W et al.

Triosephosphate isomerase 1 (TPI1) is a key glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the reversible interconversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. Emerging evidence suggests that TPI1 also participates in cancer-associated non-canonical functions involving altered subcellular localization, protein-protein interactions, signaling regulation, and therapeutic responses. This narrative review summarizes the biochemical properties of TPI1 and critically evaluates its expression patterns, prognostic associations, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic implications across malignancies. TPI1 is frequently upregulated in several cancer types, although its biological and clinical significance varies substantially among tumors. Experimental studies have identified potential moonlighting functions involving nuclear localization in lung adenocarcinoma and protein-interaction-dependent signaling in breast cancer, glioblastoma, and bladder cancer. In hepatocellular carcinoma, apparently conflicting findings may reflect differences in experimental models, cellular contexts, and intracellular versus extracellular-vesicle-associated TPI1. Emerging evidence also implicates TPI1 in tumor immune regulation and therapeutic resistance, although many findings remain based on computational associations or preclinical models. Current research is limited by insufficient prospective clinical validation and the absence of established, broadly applicable pharmacological strategies targeting TPI1. Collectively, TPI1 represents a context-dependent candidate biomarker and potential therapeutic target in cancer, warranting further mechanistic investigation and clinical validation. REGISTRATION: Not applicable; this article is a narrative review.

PMID 42906817
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PubMedBiochemistry2026-10-20

A New Family of Electron-Bifurcating Enzymes Represented by Ferredoxin- and NAD-Dependent Glycerol-3-Phosphate Oxidoreductase.

Schut Gerrit J GJ, Poole Farris L FL, Adams Michael W W MWW

Glycerol is abundant in natural environments and is utilized by many microbes. In aerobes, it is typically converted, via glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P), to dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) by a quinone-linked dehydrogenase thereby coupling glycolysis and respiration. Under anaerobic conditions, an NAD+-dependent dehydrogenase has been proposed to oxidize G3P to DHAP in several bacteria but this reaction is thermodynamically unfavorable. Herein, we have purified a heterotrimeric electron bifurcating enzyme from the archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus where the simultaneous oxidation of both G3P (Eo' -190 mV) and reduced ferredoxin (Em ∼ -450 mV) enables reduction of NAD+(Eo' -320 mV) and production of DHAP. Surprisingly, this ferredoxin-dependent NAD+G3P oxidoreductase (FngABC) is unrelated evolutionarily to the four known families of bifurcating enzyme. Analysis by UV-visible spectroscopy and of its predicted structure suggest FngABC has a nonclassical bifurcation mechanism. Phylogenetic and genome context analyses of 4,273 P. furiosus FngA homologues revealed they are widespread with ∼35% found mainly in Clostridia as FngABC and ∼10% found mainly in Actinomyces as FngAB, most of which utilize polyols in addition to glycerol. The remaining ∼40% are present in Gammaproteobacteria and halophilic archaea but here FngA is associated with homologues of E. coli GlpBC, which are unrelated to FngBC, and these enzymes typically only use glycerol. It is therefore proposed that P. furiosus FngABC and the previously characterized E. coli GlpABC are disparate members of a new electron bifurcating family widespread in the microbial world that are involved in the metabolism of a range of sugars as well as glycerol.

PMID 42899597
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PubMedAngewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)2026-10-18

Bromide-Borate Coupling Enables Selective Electrochemical Oxidation of Glycerol to Dihydroxyacetone.

Bimli Santosh S, Sharma Pallav P, Lee Dongho D

Selective electrochemical valorization of biodiesel-derived glycerol is challenged by competing oxidation pathways that generate complex product mixtures. Here, we report a bromide-borate-mediated indirect glycerol electrooxidation for selective dihydroxyacetone (DHA) production on carbon electrodes. Bromide is electrochemically converted into soluble oxidized bromine species that mediate homogeneous glycerol oxidation, whereas borate provides a weakly alkaline bromine-speciation window and coordinates glycerol to bias C3-product formation toward DHA. At identical pH, borate favored DHA formation, whereas phosphate shifted selectivity toward glyceric acid. Under optimized conditions using 100 mM glycerol and 100 mM KBr in 1 M borate buffer solution (pH 8.2), divided H-cell electrolysis afforded DHA with 75% relative selectivity and high overall Faradaic efficiency (FE). Recirculating flow-cell operation increased DHA selectivity to 80% while maintaining high overall FE, and one-way flow-cell achieved a DHA production rate of 1205 mmol m-2 h-1.

PMID 42891942
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PubMedAngewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)2026-10-18

Oxygen-Coordinated Nickel Single Atoms Couple Photohole Capture With C-H Cleavage in Photoelectrocatalytic Glycerol-to-Dihydroxyacetone Conversion.

Tian Rufeng R, Niu Lu L, Wang Jian J, Li Yue Y et al.

Selective photoelectrochemical oxidation of glycerol to dihydroxyacetone (DHA) requires photogenerated holes to reach the substrate faster than they drive oxygen evolution, followed by C-H cleavage without C-C fragmentation. Here, oxygen-coordinated Ni single atoms on the TiO2(001) nanosheet arrays regulate both steps. Isopropanol-probe and in situ glycerol spectra support Ni-promoted dissociative adsorption through the secondary hydroxyl group. Radical spectroscopy and interfacial kinetics support subsequent oxidation through glycerol-derived alkoxy species, accompanied by a 15-20-fold acceleration of glycerol-coupled hole transfer and suppressed oxygen evolution. Product-based glycerol isotope effects supported the kinetic involvement of central C-H cleavage in DHA formation, while calculations showed that Ni coordination increased the energetic preference for C-H over C-C cleavage from 0.05 to 0.38 eV. Operando spectroscopy and weaker DHA adsorption support retention of the three-carbon skeleton and product release. Under charge-normalized conditions, the Ni single-atom photoanode achieved a DHA Faradaic efficiency of approximately 66.6%, compared with 22.2% for unmodified TiO2 and 16.4% for the NiOx control. DHA-selective charge utilization persisted in recirculating-flow operation with 0.5 M glycerol. These results support coupled control over substrate adsorption and subsequent bond selectivity as a design principle for selective PEC polyol oxidation.

PMID 42891928
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PubMedAngewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)2026-10-15

Field-Effect Induced Interfacial Water Restructuring Accelerates Zinc-Catalyzed Hydrodeoxygenation.

Li Jiaxin J, Sheng Youwei Y, Intan Nadia N NN, Chang Huaiyu H et al.

The deoxygenation of biomass-derived molecules is thermodynamically challenging yet essential for their conversion to commodity chemicals. Metallic zinc is a promising material for deoxygenation due to its strong reductive properties, but sluggish kinetics and harsh reaction conditions detract from practical application. Here, we hypothesize that zinc-catalyzed hydrodeoxygenation could be limited by inefficient proton transport due to disordered interfacial water structure. Using the transformation of dihydroxyacetone to acetone as a model reaction, we identified the rate-determining step to be an Eley-Rideal-type proton-coupled electron transfer from water to the hydroxyacetone intermediate. Applying an electric field accelerates this step by restructuring the interfacial hydrogen-bond network and promoting direct proton transfer, thereby enabling a 103-fold increase in surface-area-normalized turnover frequency and Faradaic efficiencies of 63%-70% at current densities up to 300 mA/cm2. These findings highlight interfacial water restructuring as a powerful lever for enhancing hydrodeoxygenation efficiency.

PMID 42878655
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