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atropine + pralidoxime chloride (Duodote)

✓ Approved

Pfizer, Inc. · CHRM1 · 小分子

什么是 atropine + pralidoxime chloride？

atropine + pralidoxime chloride 是一种小分子，由Pfizer, Inc.研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Injectable (Others)、Intramuscular (IM) Injection。

药物档案

商品名Duodote
公司Pfizer, Inc.
药物类别小分子
分子靶点CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4
给药途径Injectable (Others), Intramuscular (IM) Injection
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Pfizer, Inc.

作用机制

分子靶点

atropine + pralidoxime chloride 作用于 4 个分子靶点：

CHRM1cholinergic receptor muscarinic 1 (M1, HM1)
CHRM2cholinergic receptor muscarinic 2 (HM2)
CHRM3cholinergic receptor muscarinic 3 (HM3, PBS)
CHRM4cholinergic receptor muscarinic 4 (HM4, M4R)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

atropine + pralidoxime chloride 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Injury, poisoning and procedural complicationsChemical poisoning✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedGels (Basel, Switzerland)2026-07-27

Chloride Ion Adsorption by Modified Pisha Sandstone-Based Cementitious Materials.

Li Changming C, Lu Shuxian S, Zhao Shunbo S, Ding Xinxin X et al.

Pisha sandstone (PS) has potential as a low-cost adsorbent due to its abundant surface-active adsorption sites. In this work, mechanical grinding coupled with high-temperature calcination was employed to activate and modify raw PS for improved chloride ion adsorption performance and efficient resource utilization. Adsorption kinetic experiments demonstrated that the PS modified via 15 min of mechanical grinding (PSM15) exhibited the optimal chloride adsorption performance and achieved adsorption equilibrium within 240 min. The adsorption kinetics data were well fitted by the pseudo-second-order model, indicating that chemisorption dominates the chloride adsorption process. The chloride removal efficiency of PSM15 reached a maximum value of 33.3%, which was superior to that of calcined PS (30.1%) and raw PS (23.6%). Combined characterization results from XRD, FTIR, and SEM-EDS revealed that mechanochemical activation does not alter the main crystalline phases of the material. Instead, it significantly enhances chloride adsorption capacity by refining crystallite size, exfoliating layered microstructure, and exposing surface active sites. Moreover, the in situ formation of C-S-H gel reinforces chloride immobilization via physical encapsulation and electrostatic attraction. Collectively, the enhanced chloride adsorption by modified PS can be attributed to synergistic mechanochemical activation, surface and interlayer retention, and gel-mediated immobilization. As a low-cost and eco-friendly adsorbent, the PS-based cementitious material shows promising application potential in chloride-containing wastewater purification.

PMID 42505270
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PubMedAngewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)2026-07-27

Aromatic Interaction-Driven Adaptive Transformation of Macrocyclic Unimolecular Chloride Channels Into Nanopores.

Xie Xiaopan X, Wan Juncheng J, Zhou Jin J, Yu Zeli Z et al.

Biological ion channels and pores frequently exhibit dynamic, concentration-dependent adaptive assembly, yet synthetic systems that faithfully replicate this intriguing behavior remain rare. In this study, we present a novel class of tripeptide-appended macrocyclic ion channels that undergo aromatic interaction-driven adaptive transformation from unimolecular chloride channels into higher-order nanopores. At low concentrations, analogues with aromatic tripeptide-functionalized macrocycles (MC-F and MC-W) function as discrete and efficient chloride channels. Upon increasing the concentration, cooperative aromatic interactions among the tripeptide side chains promote their lateral self-assembly into stable nanopores, enabling efficient transmembrane transport of small molecules, including carboxyfluorescein and glucose. In contrast, the aliphatic analogues (MC-A, MC-L, and MC-I) remain restricted to unimolecular chloride channels. Single-channel measurements combined with theoretical calculations further substantiate the structural stability and energetic preference of tetrameric and pentameric assemblies within lipid bilayers. Collectively, this work establishes cooperative aromatic interactions as a versatile and robust design principle for engineering adaptive artificial channels, thereby narrowing the functional gap between synthetic systems and the dynamic regulatory behavior of natural channels.

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PubMedMedical sciences (Basel, Switzerland)2026-07-27

Agreement of Electrolyte Measurements Between Arterial Blood Gas Analyzers and Central Laboratories in Critically Ill Patients with Acute Kidney Injury.

Phongphithakchai Atthaphong A, Thingphom Sitthikorn S, Tedasen Aman A, Jansakun Chutima C et al.

Background: Electrolyte disturbances are common in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) and often require urgent intervention. Arterial blood gas (ABG) analyzers provide rapid point-of-care electrolyte measurements, but their agreement with central laboratory analyzers in critically ill patients with AKI remains uncertain. This study evaluated the agreement between ABG and central laboratory measurements of sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and chloride (Cl-). Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study of adult critically ill patients with AKI admitted to a tertiary university hospital ICU between January 2013 and June 2024. Patients with paired electrolyte measurements obtained from an ABG analyzer (ABL800 Basic, Radiometer) and a central laboratory analyzer (Abbott Alinity) within 10 min were included. Agreement was assessed using Bland-Altman analysis and Passing-Bablok regression. Results: A total of 1870 critically ill patients with AKI were included. The mean bias (95% limits of agreement [LOA]) between ABG and central laboratory measurements was -0.68 mmol/L (-11.41 to 10.06) for sodium, -0.17 mmol/L (-1.46 to 1.12) for potassium, and 7.18 mmol/L (-4.15 to 18.51) for chloride. Potassium showed the narrowest LOA. Pearson correlation coefficients were 0.736, 0.642, and 0.728 for sodium, potassium, and chloride, respectively. Clinically meaningful discrepancies were observed in 7.0% of sodium, 14.1% of potassium, and 31.4% of chloride measurements. Conclusions: ABG-derived sodium and potassium measurements showed relatively good agreement with central laboratory measurements, particularly for potassium. However, clinically meaningful discrepancies occurred in a subset of measurements, suggesting that preanalytical factors and specimen quality may influence measurement reliability. ABG-derived electrolyte measurements may support rapid bedside assessment, whereas central laboratory measurements remain the reference standard.

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PubMedJournal of personalized medicine2026-07-27

Correction: Bhandi et al. Modulation of the Dental Pulp Stem Cell Secretory Profile by Hypoxia Induction Using Cobalt Chloride. J. Pers. Med. 2021, 11, 247.

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The Author Contribution section in the original publication [...].

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The widespread adoption of choline chloride (ChCl) based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) has significantly advanced lignocellulosic biomass fractionation. While traditionally viewed as a benign component, ChCl is actually a reactive participant that accelerates delignification, suppresses lignin condensation, and enhances hemicellulose dissolution. However, the presence of ChCl also imposes considerable operational bottlenecks, including accelerated pseudo-lignin formation, mass transfer limitation, solvent loss via parasitic esterification, and the substantial energy requirements of evaporative recycling, compromising the overall process economics. A comparative reassessment reveals that effective matrix deconstruction is achievable using alternative ChCl-free platforms. To successfully mitigate these operational bottlenecks, strategies including solvent engineering, process intensification, and advanced solvent recycling techniques are proposed. Furthermore, we introduce a four-point decision-making framework that evaluates solvent viability based on systems-level performance comparisons, downstream lignin valorization targets, synergy with advanced process intensification, and the feasibility of non-evaporative solvent recovery. Ultimately, we encourage the biorefining community to rethink ChCl's intrinsic necessity, shifting from empirical combinatorial solvent proliferation toward demanding rigorous, comparative justification in solvent design.

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Morphology-Dependent SnO2 Supported Ru Catalysts for Catalytic Oxidation of Vinyl Chloride Emission.

Cui Hongyu H, Wang Mingju M, Zhou Maosheng M, Cao Tianqi T et al.

Constructing catalytic materials with specific morphologies is an effective approach to boosting and optimizing their catalytic performances. Herein, SnO2 supports with diverse morphologies of nanosphere, nanosheet and nanorod were separately synthesized for the fabrication of supported Ru catalysts. Catalytic evaluation results for vinyl chloride (VC) oxidation reveal that the nanosphere-shaped catalyst (Ru/SnO2-Sp) exhibits the optimum catalytic activity (achieving 90% of VC conversion at 268 °C), exceptional long-term catalytic durability, and cyclic stability comparable to nanosheet-shaped and nanorod-shaped catalysts (Ru/SnO2-Sh and Ru/SnO2-Rd). Additionally, Ru/SnO2-Sp presents promising applicability with regard to its impressive resistance behavior towards carbon dioxide and water vapor interference. Characterization results clearly demonstrate the close structure-activity relationship, primarily depending on the physicochemical parameters of specific surface area, redox capacity, surface oxygen species and valence state distribution of Ru. In situ infrared spectroscopy clarifies the key catalytic pathways of VC oxidation over Ru/SnO2-Sp, evidencing that the enol species from C-Cl bond cleavage and initial activation of VC molecules and the carboxylic acid species resulting from the subsequent oxidation of enol are both recognized as the crucial organic intermediates.

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