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atropine + pralidoxime chloride (Duodote)

✓ Approved

Pfizer, Inc. · CHRM1 · 小分子

什么是 atropine + pralidoxime chloride？

atropine + pralidoxime chloride 是一种小分子，由Pfizer, Inc.研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Injectable (Others)、Intramuscular (IM) Injection。

药物档案

商品名Duodote
公司Pfizer, Inc.
药物类别小分子
分子靶点CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4
给药途径Injectable (Others), Intramuscular (IM) Injection
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Pfizer, Inc.

作用机制

分子靶点

atropine + pralidoxime chloride 作用于 4 个分子靶点：

CHRM1cholinergic receptor muscarinic 1 (M1, HM1)
CHRM2cholinergic receptor muscarinic 2 (HM2)
CHRM3cholinergic receptor muscarinic 3 (HM3, PBS)
CHRM4cholinergic receptor muscarinic 4 (HM4, M4R)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

atropine + pralidoxime chloride 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Injury, poisoning and procedural complicationsChemical poisoning✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedInorganic chemistry2026-10-26

Jahn-Teller Distortion-Enabled Interfacial Chemical Recognition for Chiral Hybrid Halides: (R/S-3AP)BiCl5.

Wu Yuxuan Y, Pei Can C, Zhang Yujie Y, Liu Haonan H et al.

Noncentrosymmetric (NCS) materials with intrinsic chirality are highly desirable for diverse symmetry-dependent functional applications, yet their rational construction remains challenging because asymmetric building units frequently undergo centrosymmetric packing during crystallization. Herein, we develop a Jahn-Teller distortion-enabled interfacial chemical recognition strategy to realize the chiral hybrid halides (R/S-3AP)BiCl5 crystallizing in the chiral NCS space group P212121. The stereochemically active 6s2 lone pair of Bi3+ induces anisotropic distortion of the [BiCl6] octahedra, creating chemically differentiated chloride acceptor sites. Meanwhile, the chiral 3-aminopyrrolidine cations (3AP2+) exhibit two chemically distinct nitrogen centers with differentiated protonation behaviors, producing pyrrolidinium and ammonium N-H donors with distinct hydrogen-bonding capabilities. The stronger donor ability of exocyclic ammonium (NH3+) sites enables preferential N-H···Cl interactions with chloride sites possessing enhanced acceptor characteristics, establishing a chemically complementary organic-inorganic interface. This directional donor-acceptor recognition regulates chiral cation orientations and promotes chirality transfer from molecular units to the extended crystalline framework. This work demonstrates that coupling Jahn-Teller distortion-mediated acceptor regulation with protonation-dependent donor differentiation provides an effective strategy for programming directional interfacial chemical recognition and translating local structural asymmetry into macroscopic chiral ordering in NCS crystals.

PMID 42929647
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PubMedDalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)2026-10-26

Inhibition of the lipid peroxidation and glutathione peroxidase-like activity of 2-methyl benzoselenazoles.

Sodhi Nikhil N, Kadian Rajni R, Baschieri Andrea A, Amorati Riccardo R et al.

2-Methyl benzoselenazoles were synthesized via the reaction of in situ-generated sodium selenolate with acetyl chloride at room temperature. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction confirmed a nearly planar structure due to non-bonding Se⋯O interactions, supported by computational analyses. All compounds exhibited good glutathione peroxidase-like antioxidant activity in a coupled reductase assay, as compared to the reference, ebselen. The most active compound was further evaluated under varying concentrations of glutathione to gain deeper insights into its catalytic efficiency. 77Se{1H} NMR mechanistic study was performed to provide evidence for the key intermediates involved in the decomposition of peroxide. The radical-trapping antioxidant activity of benzoselenazoles was evaluated by the inhibition of azo-initiated autoxidation of cumene in chlorobenzene. It showed peroxyl radical-trapping capability, with an inhibition constant of 1.4 × 103 M-1 s-1 and a stoichiometric factor (n) ≈ 2, due to H-atom transfer from the amide group, as further confirmed by theoretical calculations. In addition to their antioxidant activities, molecular dynamics studies revealed favourable binding interactions with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), suggesting dual antioxidant and anti-angiogenic roles.

PMID 42929661
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PubMedGels (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-26

Development and Evaluation of a Novel Zwitterionic Surfactant-Based Foaming Formulation for Gas Well Deliquification.

Dong Sanbao S, Yan Yao Y, Liu Haifeng H, Chen Jiakui J et al.

A novel zwitterionic surfactant (HAPB) was synthesized and combined with lauramidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride (LATC) and alpha olefin sulfonate (AOS) to form a high-performance foaming formulation for gas well deliquification. The optimized LATC/AOS/HAPB formulation (15 mmol/L, molar ratio of 16/4/5) achieved a foaming volume and half-life of 400 mL and 9.46 min, respectively. Adding 0.2% sodium alginate (SA), a green polymer, the LATC/AOS/HAPB/SA foam's volume dropped to 350 mL; however, its half-life ramped to 55.47 min. With 0.1 SA and 0.01% calcium lactate (CL), the LATC/AOS/HAPB/SA/CL system exhibited excellent foaming and liquid-carrying performance. At 50% methanol, its liquid-carrying rate reached its maximum (57.44%), while the foaming rate remained 100%. Condensate oil slightly reduced the LATC/AOS/HAPB/SA/CL mixture's liquid-carrying performance, but did not affect its foaming ability, which was maintained at 100% below 50% condensate oil content. The foaming formulation demonstrated outstanding salt resistance, producing a liquid-carrying rate of 26.40% and a foaming rate of 90% at an extremely high salinity of 410 g/L, which was the highest level reported in the literature to date. Furthermore, surface tension tests and the foam's morphological analysis verified the presence of synergy among the LATC/AOS/HAPB/SA/CL system, which effectively enhanced its foaming capability, foam stability, and liquid-carrying ability.

PMID 42929938
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PubMedGels (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-26

pH-Responsive Chitosan-Alginate Hydrogel Beads Co-Encapsulating Jujube Polysaccharides and cAMP: Enhanced Antioxidant Activity and Gastrointestinal Controlled Release.

Zhao Guanghui G, Han Chi C, Wang Weihua W, Lu Jiankang J et al.

Jujube polysaccharides (ZJPA) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) are bioactive compounds with antioxidant and health-promoting potential, and their combination exhibits enhanced antioxidant activity. However, their limited stability and susceptibility to gastrointestinal environmental stresses restrict their applications in functional foods. In this study, a pH-responsive composite hydrogel bead delivery system was developed using chitosan (CS) and sodium alginate (SA) as wall materials to co-encapsulate ZJPA and cAMP, aiming to protect these bioactive compounds during gastrointestinal digestion while maintaining their enhanced functionality. The hydrogel beads were fabricated via the ionotropic gelation method, and the formulation parameters were optimized using single-factor experiments combined with response surface methodology (RSM). The optimized hydrogel beads were obtained under the conditions of calcium chloride concentration of 3%, CS concentration of 0.5%, SA concentration of 3%, and core-to-wall ratio of 1:6, with a cAMP microencapsulation yield (MEY) of 97.79%. Structural characterization confirmed that ZJPA and cAMP were successfully incorporated into the CS-SA network through electrostatic interactions and intermolecular hydrogen bonding without the formation of new covalent bonds. Furthermore, the hydrogel beads exhibited distinct pH-responsive swelling and gastrointestinal release behaviors, providing effective protection under acidic gastric conditions and enabling sustained release under intestinal conditions. Importantly, the DPPH radical scavenging assay demonstrated that the co-encapsulation strategy preserved the enhanced antioxidant activity between ZJPA and cAMP. Overall, this study establishes a multifunctional hydrogel bead delivery strategy integrating enhanced bioactivity preservation, gastrointestinal protection, and controlled release, providing new opportunities for the application of jujube-derived bioactive compounds in functional foods.

PMID 42929926
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PubMedOrganic & biomolecular chemistry2026-10-25

Correction: Ferric chloride mediated synthesis, photophysical and in vitro anti-Alzheimer's properties of 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-ylmethylphenyl-2-(9H-fluoren-9-ylidene)-1-phenylethan-1-imines.

Subhashini Aravamudhan A, Gudigenahally Nagaraju Pramod P, Shanmugam Ponnusamy P

Correction for 'Ferric chloride mediated synthesis, photophysical and in vitro anti-Alzheimer's properties of 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-ylmethylphenyl-2-(9H-fluoren-9-ylidene)-1-phenylethan-1-imines' by Aravamudhan Subhashini et al., Org. Biomol. Chem., 2026, 24, 5522-5529, https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ob00406g.

PMID 42924470
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PubMedWiadomosci lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland : 1960)2026-10-25

Morphofunctional features of small intestine remodeling under the influence of cadmium chloride in an experiment.

Ruzhytska Olena Yu OY, Piliponova Viktoriia V VV, Romanenko Iryna V IV, Popadynets Oksana H OH et al.

Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the characteristics of structural changes in the jejunum and ileum of experimental animals of different ages following cadmium chloride intoxication. Materials and Methods: Experimental studies were conducted on 60 white laboratory male rats, both prepubertal and pubertal, with body weights of 80-100 g and 190-220 g, respectively. All animals were divided into three groups. Of these, 12 animals constituted the intact control group, which was divided into two subgroups: 6 sexually immature white rats and 6 sexually mature animals. The experimental animals comprised two groups, each with two subgroups. The second group included 24 immature rats, of which 12 were removed from the experiment on the 7th day and 12 on the 14th day after cadmium chloride poisoning. Group 3 consisted of 24 experimental animals, of which 10 were removed from the experiment on day 7 and 14 two weeks after cadmium intoxication. Poisoning of the experimental white rats with a cadmium chloride solution was performed intraperitoneally at a dose of 6 mg/kg body weight. It was used electron microscopic examination. Results: Cadmium chloride exposure causes structural changes in the jejunum and ileum. The observed phenomena are more pronounced in the jejunum, which is explained by its greater functional activity compared to the ileal segment of the small intestine. Exotoxin disrupts the function of proteins and cell membranes, affects metabolic processes in the small intestine and its epithelium. Under electron microscopy, the surface of the ciliated epithelial cells appeared as a series of microvilli closely arranged next to one another. A functional feature of the apical membrane of epithelial cells is a pronounced endocytosis, manifested by the detachment of endocytic vesicles containing substrates from the base of the microvilli. Changes in the ultrastructure of the microvilli of the brush border at the apical pole of columnar epithelial cells may indicate disturbances in parietal digestion and absorption processes. On the 7th day after cadmium chloride poisoning, exposure to exogenous factors results in thickening of the subepithelial mucus layer, which may be interpreted as the organ's protective response to a chemical irritant. Cadmium chloride intoxication in experimental animals leads to the suppression of regenerative processes against the background of morphological changes in the structure of ciliated epithelial cells, which is associated with cadmium accumulation in the cells. Conclussion: The destructive changes in the organization of organelles, the cytoplasmic membrane of epithelial cells, and the basement membrane indicate disturbances in intracellular bioenergetics, the protein-synthesizing apparatus, and the transcellular transport of substances through the capillary network, leading to changes in the properties of the capillaries themselves.

PMID 42922322
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