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urea (Emolienta / urea, Vinas)

✓ Approved

Vinas · 小分子 · 小分子

什么是 urea？

urea 是一种小分子，由Vinas研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Topical。

药物档案

商品名Emolienta, urea, Vinas
公司Vinas
药物类别小分子
给药途径Topical
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Vinas

治疗适应症

urea 针对 4 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disordersDermatitis allergic✓ Approved
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disordersDermatitis atopic✓ Approved
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disordersDermatitis contact✓ Approved
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disordersPsoriasis✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedPediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)2026-09-10

Adequacy of dialysis in children and adolescents: more than just Kt/V.

Paglialonga Fabio F, Patel Hiren P HP

The concept of dialysis adequacy has evolved over time. Initially, the focus of dialysis adequacy was on the clearance of small molecules, namely urea. However, limitations of urea-based adequacy assessment and the importance of other elements have become increasingly recognized. There is growing evidence that removal of middle molecules is associated with improved clinical outcomes. Besides clearance of solutes, several clinical markers serve as measures of adequate dialysis. Phosphorus control can have many clinical benefits, but although phosphorus is a small molecule, the kinetics of phosphorus removal by dialysis are different than that of urea. Cardiovascular comorbidities and outcomes are heavily influenced by appropriate volume control, avoiding both excess fluid overload and volume depletion. Growth is an important outcome that does not correlate with urea clearance but may be better achieved using an intensified dialysis schedule and/or a modality that promotes removal of middle molecules. Rather than focusing solely on factors identified by the medical community, adequate dialysis should also address factors identified by patients and their families, including intradialytic and interdialytic symptoms, life participation, and quality of life. There is a bidirectional relationship between dialysis adequacy and both residual kidney function and dialysis access. Rather than applying a standard fixed prescription to all patients, there should be greater emphasis on personalizing the dialysis prescription using shared decision-making with the patient and family.

PMID 42717002
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PubMedNanoscale2026-09-10

Mid-gap engineering in polymeric carbon nitride via C/O synergy for extended-spectrum CO2 photoreduction.

Zhang Biyang B, Yang Jinman J, Dai Xiaomei X, Song Yanhua Y et al.

Solar-driven CO2 reduction demands photocatalysts that are earth-abundant, inexpensive, and able to harvest a broad solar spectrum. Polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) shows great promise for photocatalysis but is limited by its wide bandgap and narrow light absorption. Here, we report a brown, hierarchically porous carbon nitride (Glu-PCN) built via one-step copolymerization of glutamic acid and urea, in which carbon and oxygen are woven into the tri-s-triazine framework at the atomic scale during condensation. Rather than acting as isolated impurities, these framework-integrated motifs generate localized states in the bandgap of carbon nitride. Serving as a spectral relay, these intra-gap states enable stepwise sub-bandgap excitation that extends the photoresponse deep into the visible region, while furnishing directional channels that accelerate charge transfer. Consequently, Glu-PCN far surpasses pristine PCN and, remarkably, sustains pronounced CO2-reduction activity even under long-wavelength light (λ ≥ 540 nm), where pristine PCN is essentially inactive. This work establishes a simple, scalable framework-engineering strategy for advancing CO2 reduction and other photocatalytic applications.

PMID 42720011
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PubMedSmall (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)2026-09-10

Rational Design and Evaluation of Two Novel Copper-Based Coordination Polymers as High-Performance Dual-Functional Inhibitors for Enhanced Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Agriculture.

Luan Jian J, Wang Si-Qi SQ, He Zhen-Xue ZX, Su Nan N et al.

The low utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers poses significant economic and environmental challenges. To address this issue, the development of dual-functional inhibitors capable of simultaneously delaying urea hydrolysis and nitrification is highly desirable. In this study, two new copper-based coordination polymers, [Cu2(3-padpe)2(5-MIP)2(H2O)2]n (Cu-CP-1) and {[Cu(3-padpe)(2,5-tdca)(H2O)]·H2O}n (Cu-CP-2), were rationally designed and synthesized via hydrothermal methods. Both compounds exhibited potent urease inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 3.40 ± 0.01 µM and 9.15 ± 0.04 µM, respectively, significantly surpassing their organic ligands and reference inhibitors. Kinetic and molecular docking studies revealed that they act as uncompetitive inhibitors, binding to the enzyme-substrate complex through multiple hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. Soil incubation experiments demonstrated that Cu-CP-1 and Cu-CP-2 significantly prolonged NH4 +-N retention and reduced NO3 --N and NO2 --N accumulation compared to the control, suggesting a potential for improving nitrogen availability in soil. This work presents two promising candidates for nitrogen management and provides a foundation for future studies on structure-guided design of multifunctional agrochemical materials.

PMID 42720096
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PubMedScientific reports2026-09-10

The effect of different liquids on paper strength demonstrates the central role of hydrogen bonding.

Kvarnlöf Niklas N, Henriksson Gunnar G, Sjöstrand Björn B

Paper derives its mechanical integrity from a complex network of interactions between cellulose fibres, yet the relative importance of hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions and electrostatic forces remains debated. Here, the wet tensile strength of paper sheets are investigated when exposed to water, a series of organic solvents with differing hydrogen-bonding characteristics, and aqueous salt and urea solutions designed to modify electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. By systematically varying the liquid environment surrounding the fibre network, we directly probe the mechanisms governing inter-fibre adhesion. The results show that solvents capable of disrupting hydrogen bonding produce a pronounced loss of strength, whereas changes in ionic strength and electrostatic screening have only minor effects. These findings provide strong experimental evidence that hydrogen bonds constitute the dominant contribution to paper strength, in agreement with the classical model proposed by Campbell in 1933, but in contrast to more recent interpretations that downplay their significance. Hydrophobic interactions and van der Waals interactions appear to contribute secondarily to fibre bonding, although to a smaller extent than hydrogen bonding. The observed trends further reveal striking parallels between the loss of strength in different liquid environments and the hornification phenomenon occurring during drying of wet pulp fibres. Together, the results establish hydrogen bonding as the central mechanism underlying paper strength and suggest a broader conceptual link between fibre bonding and irreversible structural changes in cellulose networks.

PMID 42717230
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PubMedMolecular nutrition & food research2026-09-10

Black Rice Anthocyanin-Hyaluronic Acid Complex Alleviates Hyperuricemia-Associated Renal Injury Through Synergistic Inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB Pathway and Modulation of Uric Acid Transport.

Zhao Jingyun J, Liu Ya Y, Huang Yuanjing Y, Xu Gang G et al.

Hyperuricemia-associated renal injury is closely linked to oxidative stress and inflammation, highlighting the need for safe dietary intervention. This study evaluated the protective effects of a black rice anthocyanin (ATC)-hyaluronic acid complex (HAA) against uric acid (UA)-induced injury. In UA-induced human renal proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells, black rice ATCs, HA, and HAA improved cell viability and antioxidant defenses, as shown by increased glutathione (GSH) levels and catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. They also reduced malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). HAA produced a greater reduction in TLR4/NF-κB-related inflammatory gene expression, suggesting that its cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects may be associated with modulation of this inflammatory axis. In hyperuricemic mice, HAA lowered serum UA, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen levels, inhibited hepatic xanthine oxidase and adenosine deaminase activities, and attenuated renal histopathological injury. HAA also reduced the mRNA expression of urate reabsorption-related genes, including GLUT9, OAT4, and OAT10, while increasing that of urate excretion-related genes, including OAT1 and ABCG2, which may contribute to improved urate homeostasis. These findings support the potential of HAA as a functional dietary ingredient for the management of hyperuricemia-associated metabolic disturbances and renal injury.

PMID 42717777
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PubMedNature communications2026-09-10

Synergistic magneto-enzymatic propulsion enables multimodal nanomotor swarms.

Bakenecker Anna C AC, Arqué Xavier X, Peetroons Xander X, Soto Rodriguez Paul E D PED et al.

Enzymatic nanomotors self-propel by converting free molecular energy from chemical reactions. While initially used mainly as individual particles, these systems are increasingly implemented as swarms, where collective effects enable adaptable navigation in complex environments, broader coverage and enhanced local agent concentration. However, most studies have focused on planar swarming, and collective systems that combine magnetic navigation with enzyme-powered motion remain largely underexplored. Here, as a mechanistic proof-of-principle, we introduce urease-powered nanomotors based on bioproduced magnetosomes that operate in two sequential collective modes: (i) magnetic localization of the ensemble and (ii) catalysis-triggered, interface-dependent expansion of that localized cloud. We investigate this catalytic collective phenomenon under varying conditions, including particle and substrate concentrations, media viscosity, and confinement, and devote particular attention to distinguishing urea-driven buoyant accumulation from catalysis-dependent interfacial spreading using combined top/side-view imaging and inactive particle controls. Finally, we examine the swarm under a magnetic field gradient to concentrate it in a target area and then trigger catalytic expansion. In confined environments, where the free-interface expansion is suppressed, magnetic localization and local enrichment remain operative. Rather than targeting a specific immediate application, this work establishes a two step collective strategy, clarifies the mechanism underlying a distinct catalytic swarm mode, and defines the physical conditions that may support future environmental and biomedical implementations of multimodal nanomotor swarms.

PMID 42717205
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