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urea (Emolienta / urea, Vinas)

✓ Approved

Vinas · 小分子 · 小分子

什么是 urea？

urea 是一种小分子，由Vinas研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Topical。

药物档案

商品名Emolienta, urea, Vinas
公司Vinas
药物类别小分子
给药途径Topical
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Vinas

治疗适应症

urea 针对 4 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disordersDermatitis allergic✓ Approved
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disordersDermatitis atopic✓ Approved
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disordersDermatitis contact✓ Approved
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disordersPsoriasis✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedSmall (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)2026-07-27

Switching Urea Oxidation Reaction Pathways by Regulating Multi-Component Sites on Chlorine-Doped Nickel-Cobalt Hydroxides.

Rui Yuan Y, Liu Yunxia Y, Zheng Fuqi F, Wang Miaohui M et al.

Urea oxidation reaction (UOR) has been considered as a promising alternative to the oxygen evolution reaction for hydrogen production. So far, there are two proposed catalytic reaction alternatives for UOR, including a conventional direct six-electron process and a rarely reported two-stage reaction pathway. Herein, we successfully achieved the switching of UOR pathways by artificially increasing/decreasing the concentration of oxygen vacancies monotonously on nickel-cobalt hydroxides. The "multi-component active sites" and the UOR structural-pathway relation were clearly elucidated by extensive experimental characterizations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. With rich "multi-component active sites", chlorine-substituted nickel-cobalt hydroxides (NiCoClOH) exhibit a record performance for Ni3+-active sites (1.22/1.34 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode to achieve 10/100 mA cm-2 in 1 M KOH with 0.33  M urea). This work not only reported highly efficient electrocatalysts for UOR, but also paved new insights for the structure-pathway relationship during UOR.

PMID 42504561
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PubMedInternational urology and nephrology2026-07-27

Impact of creatine supplementation on kidney health: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

de Souza Almeida Artur A, da Silva Leonardo Olimpio Dias LOD, Takahasi Bianca Namie Abe BNA, Terada Bruno Damico BD et al.

To evaluate the safety of creatine supplementation on kidney health in healthy individuals and patients with CKD. The MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched for RCTs from inception to March 2025. Studies comparing creatine supplementation with placebo in human subjects that assessed kidney health parameters were selected by 2 independent reviewers following PRISMA guidelines. A random-effects model was used to pool mean differences with 95% CI. The primary outcome was serum creatinine level. Secondary outcomes included GFR assessed by creatinine-based methods and by Cr-EDTA, serum urea, albuminuria, proteinuria, and urinary creatinine. Twenty-six studies (1036 participants) were included. Creatine supplementation was associated with a significant increase in serum creatinine levels (MD, 0.14 mg/dL; 95% CI 0.05-0.22; P = .002; I2 = 93.9%) and a reduction in GFR assessed by creatinine-based methods (MD, -10.75 mL/min; 95% CI -17.48 to -4.02; P = .002; I2 = 0%). No significant differences were observed when assessed by Cr-EDTA (MD, 5.89 mL/min; 95% CI -0.30 to 12.08; P = .06; I2 = 6.3%) or in serum urea, albuminuria, proteinuria, and urinary creatinine. In the hemodialysis subgroup, creatine supplementation was associated with a significant increase in serum creatinine; conversely, serum urea levels were significantly reduced. Creatine supplementation is associated with increased serum creatinine levels and reduced glomerular filtration rate estimated by creatinine-based methods in healthy individuals and patients with chronic kidney disease. These findings likely reflect altered creatinine metabolism rather than kidney injury, given the absence of changes when assessed using Cr-EDTA. CRD420251015042.

PMID 42507286
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PubMedJournal of clinical microbiology2026-07-27

Clinical validation of a fecal PCR assay for Helicobacter pylori detection: multicenter comparative study with urea breath test and commercial molecular diagnostics.

Wang Yingxin Y, He Chengzhi C, Jiang Yuanxi Y, Yao Zhendong Z et al.

Helicobacter pylori infection is linked to gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. The urea breath test (UBT), while gold standard for active infection diagnosis, poses radioactive risks and equipment dependency. Fecal molecular detection offers a non-invasive alternative but requires validation. This multicenter study evaluates a novel fecal PCR assay (Cellrun PCR assay, 16S rRNA-targeted) against UBT and a commercial kit (comparison reagents). A multicenter trial enrolled 866 patients (May 2023-Sep 2024) from four hospitals. Of 777 valid samples, positive detection rates, diagnostic consistency (kappa), and clinical performance (sensitivity/specificity) were compared across UBT, Cellrun PCR assay, and comparison reagents. Positive rates were 44.02% (UBT), 43.89% (Cellrun PCR assay), and 44.14% (comparison reagents), with no significant differences (P > 0.05). Cellrun PCR assay exhibited near-perfect agreement with UBT (Kappa = 0.9713, P < 0.001) and matched comparison reagents' consistency (Kappa = 0.966, P < 0.001). Sensitivity and specificity for Cellrun PCR assay were 98.2% (AUC = 0.985), comparable to comparison reagents (AUC = 0.983; P = 0.614). Weak-positive agreement was 85.7%, while post-treatment sensitivity/specificity reached 94.74%/97.06% (AUC = 0.985). Cellrun PCR assay achieved 100% accuracy in interference samples (Kappa = 1.0). False negatives correlated with low bacterial loads or processing variability; false positives arose near detection thresholds. Cellrun PCR assay demonstrates UBT-comparable sensitivity and specificity, validating its equivalence to established molecular diagnostics for Helicobacter pylori detection.IMPORTANCEHelicobacter pylori infection is a major global health burden, linked to gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. Current gold-standard urea breath tests (UBTs) carry radioactive risks and require specialized equipment, limiting accessibility. Fecal molecular detection offers a non-invasive alternative, but existing assays need robust validation. Our study validates the novel Cellrun PCR assay, showing it matches UBT's accuracy and established commercial kits. This user-friendly, non-radioactive tool enhances diagnostic accessibility, especially in resource-limited settings, enabling early H. pylori detection and targeted treatment-critical for reducing associated morbidity and mortality. Its reliability supports broader clinical adoption, advancing global efforts to manage this prevalent infection.

PMID 42506921
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PubMedMedical sciences (Basel, Switzerland)2026-07-27

Morin Attenuates Hyperglycemia and Metabolic Dysregulation in Ovariectomized Diabetic Mouse Model.

Espinosa-Juárez Josué Vidal JV, Orantes-Sánchez Viridiana V, Gómez-Morga Joaquín J, de la Torre-Sosa Citlaly Natali CN et al.

Background/Objectives: Estrogen deficiency is associated with metabolic disturbances and impaired glucose homeostasis. Morin, a natural flavonol, has shown promising hypoglycemic and antioxidant properties, but its effects under hypoestrogenic diabetic conditions remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of morin on body weight, fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance, and selected serum biochemical markers in an experimental model of diabetes under estrogen-deficient conditions (ovariectomized diabetic female mice). Methods: Female CD1 mice underwent sham surgery or ovariectomy (OVX), and each surgical condition was further divided into non-diabetic and diabetic subgroups treated with vehicle, glibenclamide (10 mg/kg), or morin (30 mg/kg). Body weight and fasting blood glucose were monitored over a 15-day treatment period. Oral glucose tolerance was assessed on day 15, and serum biochemical markers, including glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, ALT, and AST, were measured thereafter. Results: Ovariectomy aggravated diabetes-associated hyperglycemia, impaired glucose tolerance, and triglyceride elevation. Morin treatment reduced fasting blood glucose and improved glucose tolerance in diabetic mice, including ovariectomized animals. Morin also attenuated the increase in serum triglycerides and blood urea nitrogen in ovariectomized diabetic mice, although it did not significantly improve cholesterol, uric acid, creatinine, ALT, or AST levels. Compared with glibenclamide, morin showed relevant glucose-lowering activity but had a more limited effect on the overall biochemical profile. Conclusions: These findings suggest that morin may partially improve glycemic control and selected metabolic alterations in experimental diabetes associated with estrogen deficiency. Further studies are required to clarify its mechanisms of action, long-term efficacy, and translational relevance.

PMID 42506340
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PubMedMetabolites2026-07-27

From Routine Blood Tests to Metabolomics: A Contextual Framework for Interpreting Biomarkers of Training Load, Recovery, and Metabolic Stress in Athletes.

Muñoz-López Mario M, Quesada-Fernández Gonzalo G, Sancho-Haro Edgar Simón ES, Ramírez de la Piscina-Viúdez Xabier X et al.

Background: Biomarkers are increasingly used in sport science and sports medicine to monitor training load, recovery, metabolic stress, nutritional status, and potential clinical risk in athletes. However, their interpretation is often limited by overreliance on isolated values, population reference ranges, and simplified thresholds. This narrative review aims to provide a contextual and metabolically informed framework for interpreting routine and emerging biomarkers in athletes. Methods: A critical narrative synthesis was conducted across key physiological domains relevant to athlete monitoring, including exercise intensity, metabolic flexibility, muscle damage, protein catabolism, hydration, hematological and iron status, micronutrient and bone-muscle health, inflammation, endocrine stress, sport-specific interpretation, and emerging metabolomics. The review integrated routine laboratory markers with pathway-level metabolomic interpretation and practical decision-making principles. Results: Routine markers such as lactate, creatine kinase, urea/blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, electrolytes, ferritin, C-reactive protein, cortisol, testosterone, and vitamin D are useful only when interpreted in relation to individual baseline, sampling conditions, recent workload, nutrition, hydration, sleep, illness, sex-specific physiology, and performance. Metabolomics expands interpretation by identifying pathway-level signatures involving glycolysis, β-oxidation, amino acid turnover, purine degradation, ketone bodies, acylcarnitines, bile acids, oxylipins, kynurenine metabolites, and exercise-induced signaling molecules such as lactate, β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA), and N-lactoyl-phenylalanine (Lac-Phe). However, omics-derived markers require careful standardization and validation before routine applied use. Conclusions: Biomarkers should refine, not replace, clinical reasoning and athlete monitoring. A BASE framework (Baseline, Analytical standardization, Sport-specific context, and Evidence of functional change) may support more precise and proportionate interpretation of both routine blood tests and emerging metabolomic tools in athletes.

PMID 42506435
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PubMedMetabolites2026-07-27

Effects of Dietary Metabolizable Energy and Crude Protein on Postprandial Metabolite Dynamics and Lactation Performance in Dairy Goats.

Li Xiuqing X, Wang Lingbo L, Hu Zhiyong Z, Hou Qiuling Q et al.

Background: Dietary metabolizable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP) levels are important for lactation performance and metabolic responses in dairy ruminants. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary ME and CP levels on lactation performance and postprandial metabolic responses in lactating dairy goats. Methods: Goats were randomly assigned to a 4 × 4 two-factor Latin square experiment consisting of four 14 d periods. The dietary treatments were high energy, high protein (HEHCP); high energy, low protein (HELCP); low energy, high protein (LEHCP); and low energy, low protein (LELCP). Serial postprandial arterial blood samples were collected at 17 daytime time points to characterize temporal changes in plasma amino acids, biochemical parameters and hormones. Results: Increasing CP supply elevated milk yield (+6%) and lactose yield (+5%) but decreased milk fat yield (-8%; p ≤ 0.04). Increasing ME supply tended to enhance milk yield and milk fat yield and increased milk lactose content only under the high CP condition (ME × CP interaction: p = 0.04), suggesting that the response to ME supply depended partly on dietary CP level. High CP increased plasma branched chain amino acid concentrations, whereas high ME reduced Leu and Val under the high CP condition. Most plasma amino acids exhibited marked postprandial dynamics, decreasing initially and then stabilizing, with CP × time interactions observed for Leu, Met, and Phe (p ≤ 0.05). High ME decreased plasma AST activity and tended to reduce urea N concentration and also reduced ALT activity and increased glucose concentration under the high CP diet. Following morning feeding, plasma urea N showed a progressive postprandial decline (p = 0.02), with glucagon decreasing and both prolactin and growth hormone increasing, despite no dietary effects on mean plasma hormone concentrations. Conclusions: Overall, dietary ME and CP levels affected lactation performance and selected plasma metabolic indicators in lactating dairy goats. Coordinated energy and protein supply should be considered when formulating diets for lactating dairy goats. Serial postprandial sampling further revealed temporal changes in plasma metabolites and hormones, providing useful information for refining precision nutrition strategies during lactation.

PMID 42506466
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