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urea (Emolienta / urea, Vinas)

✓ Approved

Vinas · 小分子 · 小分子

什么是 urea？

urea 是一种小分子，由Vinas研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Topical。

药物档案

商品名Emolienta, urea, Vinas
公司Vinas
药物类别小分子
给药途径Topical
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Vinas

治疗适应症

urea 针对 4 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disordersDermatitis allergic✓ Approved
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disordersDermatitis atopic✓ Approved
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disordersDermatitis contact✓ Approved
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disordersPsoriasis✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedMovement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society2026-10-26

Glymphatic Dysfunction Drives High-Urea-Induced Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease.

Zhang Shengyao S, Leng Jiajie J, Wan Guoran G, Wang Qiongfang Q et al.

Disruption of brain urea homeostasis has been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders, yet its molecular mechanisms remain elusive. This study aimed to investigate how urea metabolic disturbance drives neurodegeneration through astrocytic polarity impairment and to identify potential therapeutic targets. A high-urea mouse model was generated by urea transporter B (UT-B) knockout. Pharmacological inhibition and genetic intervention were applied to examine dipeptidyl peptidase-like protein 6 (DPP6), protein kinase C eta (PKCη), and aquaporin-4 (AQP4) expression and localization in astrocytes. Glymphatic clearance, α-synuclein (α-syn) pathology propagation, and dopaminergic neurodegeneration were evaluated. Urea upregulated astrocytic DPP6, activated PKCη signaling, and induced AQP4 endocytosis with loss of membrane polarity, leading to impaired glymphatic clearance, accelerated α-syn spread, and dopaminergic neuronal degeneration. Mechanistically, the DPP6-PKCη axis directly regulated AQP4 membrane localization; inhibiting this pathway pharmacologically or genetically rescued all pathological phenotypes. This study reveals that urea metabolic disruption promotes neurodegenerative progression via the DPP6-PKCη-AQP4 pathway by compromising astrocytic polarity, offering new therapeutic targets for Parkinson's disease. © 2026 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

PMID 42929318
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PubMedBiosensors2026-10-26

Analytical Evaluation of Simulated Kidney-Disease Profiles: Comparison of a Portable Near-Infrared Spectrophotometer with a Benchtop FT-NIR.

Serrano Diogo D, Zoio Paulo P, Carvalho Bernardo B BB, Fonseca Luís P LP et al.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is commonly assessed using blood biomarkers such as creatinine, urea and albumin. This study compared a portable six-channel near-infrared (NIR) analyzer (miniNIR; 1300-2100 nm) with a benchtop Fourier-transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) instrument for the discrimination and quantification of fifty-four independent concentration-defined profiles in composed fetal bovine serum solutions spanning six simulated KDIGO categories. SVM-RBF, Random Forest, XGBoost, Logistic regression and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were evaluated. For miniNIR binary 'healthy/disease' profile discrimination, SVM-RBF yielded a validation AUC of 1.00, accuracy of 0.91, sensitivity of 1.00 and specificity of 0.83. The six-class profile assignment was substantially more difficult: PLS-DA was selected by grouped nested cross-validation, but validation accuracy was 0.18, macro-F1 was 0.11 and macro-AUC was 0.77 across the evaluable classes. For miniNIR regression, validation R2 values were 0.48 for creatinine, 0.30 for urea and 0.10 for albumin. The strongest FT-NIR validation results were R2 = 0.64 for creatinine, 0.79 for urea and 0.89 for albumin, depending on the spectral window. For FT-NIR binary 'healthy/disease' profile discrimination, SVM-RBF yielded a validation AUC of 0.99, accuracy of 0.71 and a specificity of 0.47. Although the high binary AUC in this controlled concentration design for the miniNIR, it should not be interpreted as evidence of CKD-specific recognition or clinical performance. The comparison quantifies the information retained and lost when continuous FT-NIR sampling is reduced to six broad discrete channels; validation in clinically characterized human samples is required before any screening application can be considered.

PMID 42930120
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PubMedDiseases (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-26

Temporal Distribution of Elevated-HbA1c Records and a Young-Adult Multiorgan Biomarker Profile in Diabetes: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Saeed Umar U, Uppal Muhammad Rehan MR, Uppal Rizwan R, Szepesváry Zsolt Jenő ZJ et al.

Diabetes-related renal, lipid, and hepatic abnormalities are clinically important, but their distribution may be heterogeneous and is not fully represented by HbA1c alone. We characterized the temporal age and sex composition of elevated-HbA1c records and, separately, the multiorgan biomarker profile of a 2022 young-adult subcohort. This retrospective observational study analyzed 1160 patient-year records classified as having elevated HbA1c from 2019-2022. These were annual record strata rather than 1160 unique individuals or a cohort followed as participants aged. A separate cross-sectional biomarker subcohort comprised 49 adults aged 18-29 years in 2022, of whom 26 were source-classified as having elevated HbA1c. Annual age and sex distributions were assessed using chi-square tests. Biomarker abnormalities were summarized with biomarker-specific denominators and Wilson 95% confidence intervals; sex comparisons were exploratory and used Fisher's exact tests, odds ratios, φ coefficients, and Benjamini-Hochberg false-discovery-rate correction. Age composition differed across calendar years (χ2[6] = 45.02, p < 0.001; Cramér's V = 0.139), with adults aged ≥60 years accounting for 50.0% of elevated-HbA1c records in 2022. Sex composition also varied (χ2[3] = 19.47, p < 0.001; Cramér's V = 0.130). In the young-adult biomarker subcohort, the most frequent abnormalities were total cholesterol (60.0%), triglycerides (53.8%), UACR (45.5%), urea (40.0%), uric acid (40.0%), and ALT (35.3%). Elevated urea showed the largest female-to-male odds ratio (17.50, 95% CI 1.22-250.37; p = 0.041), but no sex-biomarker association remained significant after false-discovery-rate correction (minimum q = 0.295). The study demonstrates temporal heterogeneity in elevated-HbA1c record composition and a descriptive young-adult biomarker profile dominated by dyslipidemia, albuminuria, selected renal-metabolic abnormalities, and ALT elevation. Because the archived dataset did not retain the paired continuous HbA1c-biomarker data or older-age biomarker data needed for dose-response or cross-age comparisons, the findings should not be interpreted as establishing an HbA1c-linked multiorgan causal relationship. They support the value of integrated organ-risk assessment and the need for prospective patient-level analyses across HbA1c and age strata.

PMID 42930006
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PubMedGels (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-26

Hydration-Mediated Multiscale Structural Evolution in Polyurethane Hydrogels: From Water States to Microphase Reconstruction and Dynamic Networks.

Zhang Li L, Zhang Rongrong R, Wang Xinliang X, Zhang Honghong H et al.

Polyurethane (PU) hydrogels combine high water content with the intrinsic structural heterogeneity of segmented polyurethane, giving rise to strong coupling among hydration, intermolecular interactions, microphase organization, and network dynamics. This review treats hydration as an active structural variable rather than solely as a swelling medium. The effects of soft- and hard-segment chemistry and network topology on the pre-hydration state are first summarized, followed by analysis of the multiscale sequence from water uptake and water state to competitive hydrogen bonding, segmental mobility, microphase reconstruction, and dynamic-network evolution. Particular attention is paid to distinguishing hydration-induced reconstruction of pre-existing domains from water-induced microphase separation, in which hydration generates new compositional segregation or phase connectivity. Direct evidence from PU hydrogels is also distinguished from mechanistic evidence derived from related hydrated PU, polyurethane-urea, and thermoplastic PU systems. The consequences of these processes for strengthening, toughening, cyclic recovery, stimuli responsiveness, wet interfaces, and representative applications are discussed. A system-dependent hydration window is further introduced to define the conditions under which sufficient molecular mobility for reversible reorganization coexists with persistent load-bearing structures. Remaining challenges include synchronized wet-state characterization, long-term fatigue and aging, and the establishment of predictive composition-hydration-structure-property relationships.

PMID 42929945
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PubMedJBMR plus2026-10-26

Negative impact of single housing on chronic kidney disease mineral and bone disorder outcomes.

Clinkenbeard Erica L EL, Wanner Jo J, Mansour Laila L, Kirschner Katharina M KM et al.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a disorder of acquired disrupted mineral metabolism that affects millions in the United States and has no cure. Due to disturbed mineral homeostasis bones are particularly affected showing substantial bone loss during CKD and intricately linked with morbidity and mortality. Animal models serve as a crucial platform to investigate and elucidate the tissue cross-communication that facilitates pathogenic changes during CKD. One preclinical rodent model gaining in popularity is the adenine-diet induced CKD, which negates the requirement for highly technical surgical interventions and displays several of the CKD disrupted mineral metabolism hallmarks observed in patients. Interestingly, although CKD alone can negatively impact bone, other factors, such as individual housing, can impair normal bone homeostasis. This could be encountered experimentally especially when generating experimental animals in-house, in particular, using males that maintain aggressive territorial actions. We sought to evaluate the impact of reduced cage housing numbers, replicating potentially encountered cage number conditions, on the progression of CKD. We hypothesized that single housing alone would accelerate bone loss and therefore exacerbate CKD mineral dysregulation and related outcomes. To test this, C57BL/6J male mice at 10 wk old were maintained at 5-, 3-, or 1-mice per cage while receiving casein-control or the CKD-inducing adenine diet. We found that within 4 wk of diet administration, individually housed mice had more profound weight loss corresponding with increased circulating urea, hyperphosphatemia, and bone loss compared to mice maintained at 5 per cage. Additionally, 50% of the individually housed CKD animals developed cardiovascular calcifications, a sequelae of impaired mineral excretion. These data demonstrate housing density significantly impacts outcomes related to CKD and an important variable to consider when conducting basic and translational mouse CKD studies.

PMID 42928796
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PubMedInfection and drug resistance2026-10-26

The Value of the White Blood Cell-to-Hemoglobin Ratio in Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infections of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa.

Hong Mei M, Zhang Da-Wei DW

The white blood cell to hemoglobin ratio (WBC/Hb) shows potential in predicting the severity and poor prognosis of infectious diseases. However, the specific utility of WBC/Hb in acute lower respiratory tract infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ALRTIs-PA) has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of WBC/Hb for disease severity (ICU admission) and its prognostic value for 90-day mortality in patients with ALRTIs-PA. A retrospective study was conducted among patients with ALRTIs-PA admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2020 to January 2024. Baseline demographics, clinical characteristics, and laboratory parameters were extracted from electronic medical records. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors for ICU admission. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine predictors of 90-day all-cause mortality, and significant variables were subsequently into a prognostic prediction model. A total of 549 patients were enrolled, of whom 301 (54.8%) ICU admission, and 72 (13.1%) died within 90 days. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified WBC/Hb, total protein (TP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as independent risk factors for ICU admission. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed the best predictive value of WBC/Hb. Multivariable Cox regression analysis identified WBC/Hb, along with NLR, TP, tracheotomy, tracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation, acute renal failure, and the number of antibiotics used, as independent risk factors for 90-day mortality in patients with ALRTIs-PA. Notably, WBC/Hb was the strongest predictor (HR =8.130, 95% CI: 3.852-17.157, P < 0.001) of mortality among all examined variables. Our findings suggest that WBC/Hb represents a valuable predictor for ICU admission and 90-day mortality in patients with ALRTIs-PA.

PMID 42928916
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