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hydroquinone (pigmentasa / pigmentasa)

✓ Approved

Vinas · 小分子 · 小分子

什么是 hydroquinone？

hydroquinone 是一种小分子，由Vinas研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Topical。

药物档案

商品名pigmentasa, pigmentasa
公司Vinas
药物类别小分子
给药途径Topical
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Vinas

治疗适应症

hydroquinone 针对 2 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disordersChloasma✓ Approved
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disordersSkin hyperpigmentation✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedMetabolites2026-07-27

4-Bromomethcathinone (4-BMC) Revisited: The First Reported Fatal Case and Toxicological Insights.

Nowak Karolina K, Szpot Paweł P, Zawadzki Marcin M, Chłopaś-Konowałek Agnieszka A

Background: 4-bromomethcathinone (4-BMC) has been present on the illicit drug market since 2011. Recent EUDA data indicate renewed availability of 4-BMC in Europe, including substantial seizures reported in 2024. Despite numerous seizures of this compound across Europe during its fourteen-year presence, no fatal intoxication involving 4-BMC has been reported so far. This paper presents the first documented fatal intoxication involving 4-BMC reported worldwide. Methods: Quantitative determination of 4-BMC in post-mortem blood and urine was performed using the Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS) method, together with complementary toxicological analyses. Results: The 4-BMC concentrations were 16,601 ng/mL in blood and over 50,000 ng/mL in urine. Both matrices also contained 3-chloromethcathinone at 1.7 ng/mL in blood and 122.2 ng/mL in urine. No other drugs, medications, or new psychoactive substances were detected apart from bromomethcathinone and chloromethcathinone metabolites. Conclusions: This first fatal case associated with 4-BMC underscores the necessity for enhanced monitoring of this compound by both forensic and clinical toxicologists. The re-emergence of 4-BMC after more than a decade demonstrates that previously known xenobiotics may reappear and again pose a serious threat to human health.

PMID 42506458
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PubMedImmunology2026-07-27

4-1BBL Suppresses Anti-Inflammatory Responses by Regulating Metabolic Reprogramming of Macrophages.

Kang Young Jun YJ

Integration of intracellular signalling and metabolic reprogramming is critical for macrophage polarisation and the induction of pro- or anti-inflammatory responses. However, the molecular switches that govern these processes remain incompletely defined. While 4-1BB ligand (4-1BBL), a member of the TNF superfamily, is known to promote sustained pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages, its role in anti-inflammatory macrophage responses has not been fully elucidated. This study identifies that 4-1BBL serves as a negative regulator of anti-inflammatory macrophage polarisation. Genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of 4-1BBL significantly enhanced the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines and markers in mouse macrophages. In IL-4R signalling, 4-1BBL restrained Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) phosphorylation, thereby modulating transcriptional programmes associated with anti-inflammatory macrophage activation. Consistently, 4-1BBL deficiency elevated mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation, accompanied by increased expression of metabolic genes in anti-inflammatory macrophages. Transcriptomic analysis further revealed a shift towards anti-inflammatory and oxidative metabolic gene signatures in IL-4-treated 4-1BBL-deficient macrophages. Importantly, the inhibition of 4-1BBL signalling also augmented anti-inflammatory responses in human monocytes and facilitated the transition from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory phenotypes. Collectively, these findings establish 4-1BBL as a crucial molecular switch that regulates macrophage polarisation by integrating inflammatory signalling with metabolic reprogramming, highlighting 4-1BBL as a potential therapeutic target for promoting inflammation resolution.

PMID 42504467
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PubMedOrganic letters2026-07-27

(3°)- or (4°)-3-Alkylquinolones via Heteroaromatic Claisen Rearrangement.

Gogate Akash R AR, Mando Morgane M, McCabe Andrew T AT, Kumari Geeta G et al.

Described is a synthesis of quinolones with 3°- or 4°-3-alkylquinolones via a nucleophilic aromatic substitution and heteroaromatic Claisen rearrangement sequence. This particular substitution pattern is nearly absent in the literature as the motif is challenging to prepare by the conventional condensation-based approach. We report the optimization of a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction between 2°-allyl alcohols and 4-sulfonylquinolines and a 3°- or 4°-generating Claisen rearrangement. Key studies include improving and understanding the energetics and stereoselectivity of [3,3], the scope and limitations for the two-step sequence, and a proof-of-concept synthesis of "quaternary endochin-like quinolones" (4°-ELQs), a unique direction for the development of novel antiinfective agents.

PMID 42503874
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PubMedMetabolites2026-07-27

Effects of Compound Probiotic Fermented Feed on In Vitro Rumen Fermentation, In Situ Degradation, Rumen Microbiota and Metabolome, and Growth Performance of Beef Cattle.

Hu Haitao H, Cao Yuwa Y, Tian Mei M, Li Hongrui H et al.

Background/Objectives: This study evaluated the effects of a compound probiotic fermented feed (CPFF) containing Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis, yeast, and Aspergillus niger on rumen in vitro fermentation, in situ feed degradation, and growth performance in beef cattle. Methods: We established a control group (CON) and experimental groups with 2%, 4%, and 8% CPFF supplementation for in vitro fermentation. Results: The results indicated that the NH3-N concentration in the 4% CPFF group was significantly higher than in the other groups (p < 0.001). Similarly, microbial crude protein (MCP) production was significantly greater in the 4% CPFF group compared to the CON group (p = 0.016). The molar proportions of acetate, butyrate, isobutyrate, and valerate were significantly higher in the 2% and 4% CPFF groups than in the control group (p < 0.001), while propionate levels were significantly lower (p < 0.001). After 48 h, gas production was highest in the 4% CPFF group. Based on improvements in gas production, MCP synthesis, and fermentation intensity, the 4% inclusion level was determined to be optimal for further studies. We conducted an in situ degradation trial using 4% CPFF. Results showed that at 12 h, the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) degradation rate in the 4% CPFF group was significantly higher than in the CON group at 4, 8, 12, and 48 h (p < 0.05). At 48 h, the acid detergent fiber (ADF) degradation rate in the 4% CPFF group was also significantly higher than in the CON group (p < 0.001), and this group exhibited a significant increase in crude protein (CP) degradation (p = 0.030). We analyzed rumen fluid samples from both the CON and 4% CPFF groups after in vitro fermentation using 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics. Microbial community analysis revealed significantly increased abundances of functional bacterial groups such as Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, and UCG-002 in the 4% CPFF group (p < 0.05). Differential metabolites were primarily involved in pathways related to tryptophan metabolism, and tyrosine metabolism signaling. A feeding trial was conducted by adding 4% CPFF to the diet of Angus growing cattle. The results indicated that average daily gain (ADG) (p = 0.004) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p = 0.001) were significantly higher in the CPFF group than in the CON group. Conclusions: In conclusion, our results demonstrate that CPFF enhances rumen fermentation activity, optimizes the microbiota and metabolic profiles of rumen fluid, and improves the average daily gain of beef cattle. This research provides a valuable theoretical basis for applying CPFF in beef cattle breeding.

PMID 42506411
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PubMedmicroPublication biology2026-07-27

Glial overexpression of carbonic anhydrase cah-4 promotes glial and systemic autophagy, and reduces polyglutamine aggregation in C. elegans.

Wang Lei L, Bianchi Laura L

Glia regulate neuronal function and organismal physiology, but how glial mechanisms control proteostasis across tissues remains incompletely understood. We showed that alkalinization of Amphid sheath (AMsh) glia, achieved by loss of the chloride channel clh-1 or overexpression of the carbonic anhydrase cah-4 , promotes longevity and stress resistance. While these studies established a role for glial pH in aging, the effects of cah-4 overexpression on autophagy and proteostasis were not examined. Here, we show that cah-4 overexpression in AMsh glia increases autophagy locally and systemically, and reduces neuronal polyglutamine aggregation. These data confirm that glial alkalinization promotes local and systemic proteostasis.

PMID 42504303
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PubMedMetabolites2026-07-27

Plasma 4-Hydroxyproline Levels Are Associated with Diabetes in Chinese Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Huang Qiaoliang Q, Mu Yingjun Y, Ma Ruirui R, Zhu Jiayao J et al.

4-Hydroxyproline, a product of collagen turnover generated through prolyl hydroxylation, has been implicated in metabolic regulation. While previous studies have associated circulating proline with diabetes, the relationship between 4-hydroxyproline and diabetes remains unclear. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 796 adults aged 35-74 years from Changshu, eastern China. Plasma 4-hydroxyproline levels were quantified using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Higher plasma 4-hydroxyproline levels were associated with increased odds of diabetes after multivariable adjustment (per SD increase: OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.10-1.66; p = 0.004). Participants in the highest quartile had higher odds of diabetes than those in the lowest quartile (Q4 vs. Q1: OR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.01-3.47; p for trend = 0.006). The associations remained materially unchanged after excluding insulin users, individuals with diabetes-related complications, and those using antidiabetic medication. Further adjustment for dietary intake and proline did not materially alter the results. Higher plasma 4-hydroxyproline levels were associated with diabetes. Given the cross-sectional design, causality cannot be inferred, and reverse causation cannot be excluded. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.

PMID 42506420
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