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hydroquinone (pigmentasa / pigmentasa)

✓ Approved

Vinas · 小分子 · 小分子

什么是 hydroquinone？

hydroquinone 是一种小分子，由Vinas研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Topical。

药物档案

商品名pigmentasa, pigmentasa
公司Vinas
药物类别小分子
给药途径Topical
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Vinas

治疗适应症

hydroquinone 针对 2 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disordersChloasma✓ Approved
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disordersSkin hyperpigmentation✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedGels (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-26

Research Progress of Polyacrylamide Gels for Oilfield Applications: A Systematic Review.

Dong Ruiqiang R, Chen Guanyu G, Li Daoyong D, Cui Xinyue X et al.

In the middle-to-late stage of reservoir development, widespread high-permeability channeling exacerbates ineffective water circulation and impairs crude oil recovery. This work explores polyacrylamide (PAM) gels intended for oilfield profile control and water shut-off. It comprehensively compares gelation behaviors and performance metrics of diverse cross-linking and modification strategies, and pinpoints critical unresolved research gaps. Four representative PAM-gel systems are analyzed in detail, including organic-crosslinked, metal-crosslinked, nano-composite-modified, and delayed-crosslinker formulations. The results show that polyethyleneimine (PEI) cross-linked gels achieve a storage modulus of 780 kPa at 110 °C, which is superior to the conventional hydroquinone-hexamethylenetetramine (HQ-HMTA) system. Metal-crosslinked gels are prone to syneresis and structural instability above 70 °C. Nanocomposite modification significantly enhances gel comprehensive properties: nano-silica improves thermal resistance to 155.5 °C; modified nano-graphite doubles storage modulus (G'), shortens gelation time by half, and maintains 76.5% of initial modulus after 60-day aging at 130 °C; TOCN-reinforced gels preserve structural integrity under high-salinity environments at 140 °C for 108 h. Delayed-release cross-linkers can extend gelation time up to 17 days to meet the demands of deep in situ profile control. Furthermore, the emerging data-driven paradigm of artificial-intelligence-assisted gel optimization is also reviewed, together with its current limitations. Future research priorities cover intelligent responsive gel materials, environmentally benign cross-linkers, and unified evaluation specifications for heterogeneous reservoirs. This paper reviews over 100 core publications from 2000 to 2026 based on the Web of Science and Engineering Village databases. Different from existing studies, this work emphasizes the molecular crosslinker mechanisms, nanomodification reinforcement, and field performance variations of PAM gel systems, and concludes the major technical bottlenecks for their application in harsh reservoirs. Meanwhile, it quantitatively compares the performance of modified PAM gel formulations and clarifies the applicable temperature ranges of different crosslinker schemes, providing technical references for the development of PAM plugging agents for complex oil reservoirs.

PMID 42929937
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PubMedDentistry journal2026-10-26

Buccal Articaine Infiltration as a Minimally Invasive Technique for Mandibular Primary Molars: A Systematic Review.

Mladenovic Rasa R, Milosavljevic Marko M, Jovanovic Milica M, Samanovic Andjela Milojevic AM et al.

Background/Objectives: Effective pain control is essential for successful dental treatment in children. Although the inferior alveolar nerve block remains the standard technique for achieving mandibular anesthesia, it is associated with injection discomfort, prolonged soft tissue numbness, and an increased risk of postoperative self-inflicted soft tissue injury. Buccal infiltration with 4% articaine has emerged as a promising minimally invasive alternative because of its favorable diffusion properties. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of buccal infiltration with 4% articaine for local anesthesia of primary mandibular molars in pediatric patients. Methods: This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Electronic databases were searched to identify randomized controlled clinical trials evaluating buccal infiltration with 4% articaine in primary mandibular molars. Owing to methodological heterogeneity, the findings were synthesized qualitatively. Results: Five randomized controlled trials met the eligibility criteria. Buccal infiltration with 4% articaine demonstrated high anesthetic success and was generally associated with comparable pain scores, favorable patient comfort, and favorable postoperative outcomes compared with conventional anesthetic techniques. However, heterogeneity was observed in clinical procedures, comparator interventions, and outcome assessment methods. Conclusions: Current evidence suggests that buccal infiltration with 4% articaine is an effective and clinically comparable, minimally invasive anesthetic technique for selected procedures involving primary mandibular molars in children.

PMID 42930386
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PubMedTrials2026-10-26

Indirect moxibustion therapy improves insomnia and associated symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.

Cai Jing J, Wu Mei M, Zhang Jianming J

To evaluate the efficacy of low-dose dexzopiclone combined with Indirect moxibustion (IM), compared with sham Indirect moxibustion (SIM), on sleep quality (PSQI) and quality of life (SQLS) in patients with schizophrenia and comorbid insomnia. This single-center randomized controlled trial (NCT06171308) obtained ethics approval from Shanghai Mental Health Center (SMHC-IRB-2023-08). A total of 120 participants were randomly assigned to the IM group (n = 60) or the SIM group (n = 60), receiving 8 weeks of standardized intervention. Baseline PSQI and SQLS scores were comparable between the two groups. After 4 and 8 weeks, the IM group demonstrated significantly lower PSQI and SQLS scores than the SIM group (PSQI at week 4: 10.10 ± 1.76 vs. 13.50 ± 1.65, week 8: 10.65 ± 1.54 vs. 12.77 ± 2.05, SQLS at week 4: 28.78 ± 8.84 vs. 35.56 ± 3.38, week 8: 30.36 ± 10.63 vs. 38.07 ± 3.42). The improvement in the IM group was significantly greater than that in the SIM group in terms of change from baseline (PSQI: -3.399 [95% CI: -4.078 to -2.719] at week 4, -2.115 [95% CI: -2.795 to -1.435] at week 8, SQLS: -6.801 [95% CI: -9.104 to -4.462] at week 4, -7.732 [95% CI: -10.071 to -5.393] at week 8), with all adjusted intergroup differences being statistically significant (P < 0.001). Adjunctive Indirect Moxibustion led to statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvements in sleep quality and quality of life compared to sham procedure in this patient population over an 8-week period. These preliminary findings suggest IM is a promising adjunctive therapy. Further multicenter, long-term trials with expanded outcome indicators are required to validate its generalizability and sustained efficacy.

PMID 42928360
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PubMedAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2026-10-26

Molecularly Engineered Nitrate Double Perovskites with Elevated Ferroelectric Phase Transition Temperature and Large Piezoelectric Response.

Ye Le L, Hu Guang-Yuan GY, Duan Yarou Y, Lin Yutong Y et al.

Conventional ABX3 perovskites place organic species at A-sites or as X-site linkers, where the B-site is reserved for metals. Molecular double perovskites with a general formula A2BIBIIIX6 possess higher tunability and distinct BI-sites that can accommodate small cations, further regulating lattice connectivity and physical properties. Here, we introduce a new family of BI-site-organic nitrate double perovskites, (RM3HQ)2BIEu(NO3)6 (RM3HQ = (R)-N-methyl-3-hydroxyquinuclidinium), forming compounds 1-4 with BI = ammonium, methylammonium, formamidinium, and dimethylammonium, respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 adopt mixed corner-/face-sharing non-perovskite structures, whereas 3 and 4 form double perovskites. This structural variation raises the ferroelectric phase-transition temperature to 349 K in 4 and 414 K in 3, much higher than that of the inorganic analogue (Tc = 285 K). This further widens the temperature margin for stable room-temperature piezoelectric responses, as demonstrated in 3 by ferroelectric hysteresis loops, ferroelastic domains, and a large piezoelectric coefficient (|d33| ≈ 56 pC N-1). During these phase transitions, the Eu3+ photoluminescence intensity ratio (616 nm/ 592 nm) increases from 0.32 to 2.92 in 3 and from 0.37 to 4.59 in 4, reflecting transition-related changes in the ligand field. This work highlights the BI-site as an effective handle for tuning ferroelectric phase-transition temperatures and tunable Eu3+ photoluminescence.

PMID 42929189
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PubMedInorganic chemistry2026-10-26

Bioinspired Persulfidation of a Mononuclear Ni(II)-ONO Compound: Evidence for Sulfur/Nitrogen "Crosstalk".

Karmakar Soumik S, Halder Ritapravo R, Baral Lipika L, Pan Ritwika R et al.

Reactivity of a mononuclear Ni(II)-ONO compound, [Ni(6-COO--tpa)(ONO)] (2), with MeC(O)SH in a 1:2 ratio generated an unprecedented Ni(II)-persulfide compound, [Ni(6-COO--tpa)(SSC(O)Me)] (5), along with nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N2O). The reaction proceeds by the generation of nitrous acid (HONO) and [Ni(6-COO--tpa)(SC(O)Me)] (4) followed by the reaction of free ONO- (from HONO) with either the coordinated MeC(O)S- in 4 or free MeC(O)S- to release thionitrite (SNO-) and MeC(O)O-. In the presence of protons, SNO- is converted to perthionitrite (SSNO-) and N2O (minor pathway). SSNO- decomposes to liberate elemental sulfur ([S]), which then reacts with the coordinated MeC(O)S- in 4 to generate 5. In contrast to this, SSNO-, generated in the reaction of 2 and MeC(O)S- in a 1:2 ratio, decomposes in the absence of protons to produce Sn2-, which, in turn, produces a rare example of a Ni(II)-SH compound, [Ni(6-COO--tpa)(SH)] (6). All the Ni(II) compounds and the intermediates have been characterized by a combination of structural and spectroscopic studies, and, based on these results, mechanisms for the reactions have been proposed. The present work thus demonstrates perthionitrite-mediated persulfidation involving mononuclear Ni(II) complexes 2 and 4, to generate the only example of a Ni(II)-persulfide compound, 5.

PMID 42929610
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PubMedCardiology in review2026-10-26

The Illusion of Recovery From Atrial Fibrillation, a Review of Postcardioversion Anticoagulation Guidelines.

Patel Dhruv D, Kallash Mohammed M, Frishman William H WH

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia in clinical practice and an independent, well-established risk factor for ischemic stroke. However, restoring sinus rhythm via cardioversion does not eliminate this risk. Cardioversion itself transiently increases thromboembolic risk more than 10-fold, driven by atrial stunning, a state in which the left atrium and left atrial appendage remain mechanically dysfunctional despite normalized electrical activity seen on an electrocardiogram. Retrospective data show that thromboembolic events are clustered heavily within the first 2 weeks postcardioversion, supporting the near-universal recommendation of at least 4 weeks of continued therapeutic anticoagulation postcardioversion for AF duration more than 12 to 48 hours, regardless of baseline stroke risk score. Beyond this initial 4-week recommendation, the decision to continue anticoagulation is based on a comprehensive assessment of the patient's thromboembolic risk profile, rather than rhythm status or cardioversion success. Multiple trials have demonstrated a significant increase in the incidence of ischemic strokes in patients who had a premature discontinuation of anticoagulation postcardioversion. Additionally, having a prior stroke, the heaviest weighted risk-stratification variable, favors indefinite anticoagulation regardless of postcardioversion rhythm outcome. Current guidelines provide a framework for approaching postcardioversion anticoagulation, including a fixed 4-week anticoagulation course encompassing the atrial stunning period, followed by individualized risk-stratification to determine the indication for continued anticoagulation. Nevertheless, future research is still required to better elucidate whether anticoagulation can be safely discontinued after completion of the recommended 4-week postcardioversion anticoagulation course in patients with a prior AF-related stroke.

PMID 42928092
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