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cetuximab (Lupitux / Cetuxa / ENZ124)

✓ Approved

Lupin Limited · EGFR · 单克隆抗体

什么是 cetuximab？

cetuximab 是一种单克隆抗体，由Lupin Limited研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Injectable (Others)、Intravenous (IV)。

药物档案

商品名Lupitux, Cetuxa, ENZ124
公司Lupin Limited
药物类别单克隆抗体, 抗体
分子靶点EGFR
给药途径Injectable (Others), Intravenous (IV)
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Lupin Limited

作用机制

分子靶点

cetuximab 作用于 1 个分子靶点：

EGFRepidermal growth factor receptor (ERBB1, NNCIS)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

cetuximab 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)Head and neck cancer metastatic✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedMolecular biology reports2026-07-27

Recent progress in clinical and molecular biological research in rectal serrated lesions.

Zeng Xiaoyan X, Xu Yuan Y, Liu Ling L

Colorectal cancer ranks among the most common malignancies worldwide. Rectal serrated lesions represent a significant precancerous condition, accounting for approximately 30% of sporadic colorectal carcinomas. Their flat morphology and indistinct borders often lead to missed detection during routine colonoscopy. In addition, the complex classification system and considerable molecular heterogeneity of these lesions create challenges for clinical management, including diagnostic accuracy, risk stratification, and treatment decisions. Research in recent years has progressively clarified the unique oncogenic pathway associated with serrated lesions-referred to as the serrated pathway. Characteristic molecular events include mutations in b-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) or kirsten rat sarcoma viral proto-oncogene (KRAS) mutations, CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), and microsatellite instability (MSI). Among these, the BRAF V600E mutation serves as the core driver event. Combination therapy with encorafenib and cetuximab, which targets this mutation, has been shown to improve outcomes in patients with BRAF-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer. Furthermore, Microsatellite Instability-High (MSI-H) lesions exhibit sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors, offering novel options for personalized treatment. Concurrently, the application of technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted endoscopy, molecular imaging, and liquid biopsy holds promise for improving the detection of early-stage lesions. This systematic review examines the current research landscape regarding rectal serrated lesions, covering an evolution of classification systems, elucidation of molecular and cellular mechanism, advances in diagnostic technology, and optimized treatment strategies. We further discussed molecular differences between the serrated pathway and the classical adenoma-carcinoma sequence, epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, tumour microenvironment characteristics, and personalized management strategies based on molecular subtyping. By synthesizing existing evidence, this review aims to provide theoretical guidance for the clinical management of rectal serrated lesions and lay the groundwork for future research.

PMID 42507229
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PubMedInternational journal of clinical oncology2026-07-22

Excitation-light blocking filter for photoimmunotherapy tailored to the ORBEYE 4K 3D exoscope.

Okada Ryuhei R, Kanebako Hideki H, Takahashi Ryosuke R, Nagahisa Taisei T et al.

Photoimmunotherapy, which involves combining targeted antibodies with light-activatable dyes such as IRDye700DX (IR700), is an emerging cancer treatment modality. Cetuximab-based photoimmunotherapy is approved for the treatment of unresectable head and neck cancer and has been covered by the national health insurance in Japan since 2021. Use of conventional ceiling surgical lighting during photoimmunotherapy is problematic due to concerns about potential cytotoxic effects. To ensure safe surgical application, we developed a custom short-pass filter for the ORBEYE surgical exoscope to block IR700 excitation light. The filter's impact on the color tone was evaluated using human skin and a color checker, while that on the cytotoxicity was assessed in vitro using cetuximab-IR700 and an HSC-3 cell line. The clinical feasibility of using this filter was tested in six patients who underwent short surgical procedures (e.g., tracheostomy, arterial ligation) during photoimmunotherapy. Recalibrating the white balance after filter placement preserved the natural color tones. In vitro, the filter neutralized the significant cytotoxicity observed under the ORBEYE light. Clinically, the filter could be used safely in all cases with no evidence of postoperative skin damage. This filter system enhances the safety and feasibility of surgical procedures during photoimmunotherapy.

PMID 42481859
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PubMedCase reports in oncological medicine2026-07-22

Successful Sequential Multimodal Therapy for Lingual Rhabdomyosarcoma in a Young Adult: Case Report.

Dominguez Jonathan Villanueva JV, Arizmendi Josué Vázquez JV, Herrera Vianey Guadalupe Saldaña VGS, Morales Ivan Meneses IM et al.

Lingual rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) in adults is an exceedingly rare malignancy, with very few cases reported and no standardized treatment guidelines. We present the case of a 19-year-old male diagnosed with lingual RMS who underwent sequential multimodal therapy. The patient initially received doxorubicin combined with ifosfamide chemotherapy followed by cisplatin combined with 5-fluorouracil, both of which resulted in disease progression. A third-line regimen with vincristine, actinomycin D, and cyclophosphamide (VAC) together with pembrolizumab achieved only transient stabilization and was limited by toxicity. Subsequent treatment with cetuximab together with bevacizumab induced a significant partial response with acceptable tolerance, which was consolidated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) to the primary site and cervical lymph nodes. Surveillance imaging confirmed durable locoregional control without evidence of systemic disease, whereas swallowing and phonation were preserved. This case illustrates the value of individualized stepwise management in adult RMS and suggests that the integration of immunotherapy and antiangiogenic therapy may provide meaningful tumor control and functional preservation in selected patients.

PMID 42483493
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PubMedBMC cancer2026-07-21

Efficacy and safety of cetuximab-irinotecan rechallenge versus regorafenib in ras wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer: a single-center exploratory randomized trial.

Chen Hao H, Jiang Tao T, Wang Han H, Zheng Jianwei J et al.

Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibodies are widely used in the treatment of RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) across various lines of therapy, including after disease progression. However, evidence from randomized controlled trials regarding the efficacy of cetuximab rechallenge in patients who initially responded to prior cetuximab but subsequently progressed after a cetuximab-free interval remains limited. This single-center, prospective, exploratory randomized trial (ChiCTR1900026961) evaluated cetuximab plus irinotecan rechallenge versus regorafenib in patients with RAS wild-type, microsatellite-stable mCRC who had previously responded to then progressed off cetuximab. Progression-free survival (PFS) was the primary endpoint, with overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and safety as secondary endpoints. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify potential prognostic factors, and an exploratory nomogram was developed for hypothesis generation. Among 68 randomized patients, cetuximab plus irinotecan rechallenge was associated with longer median PFS and OS than regorafenib. The DCR and ORR were numerically higher in the rechallenge group. Median PFS was 5.5 months versus 2.6 months, and median OS was 18.8 months versus 10.4 months. Adverse events in the cetuximab group were predominantly grade 1-2 and manageable with supportive care. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified age, ECOG status, and cetuximab-free interval as potential prognostic factors. An exploratory nomogram was constructed based on these factors. These findings suggest that cetuximab plus irinotecan rechallenge may be associated with clinical benefit and acceptable toxicity in selected patients with RAS/BRAF wild-type mCRC. The exploratory nomogram requires further validation. These results support further investigation of rechallenge strategies and biomarker-guided approaches in advanced CRC. This study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on October 27, 2019 (registration number: ChiCTR1900026961).

PMID 42477619
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PubMedOncotarget2026-07-21

WIN-MTB-2024017 - WIN International Molecular Tumor Board: A 48-year-old female with multiple primary cancers.

El-Deiry Wafik S WS, Hernando-Calvo Alberto A, Dizon Don D, Magidi Shai S et al.

Copyright: © 2026 El-Deiry et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Multiple primary cancers (MPC), the occurrence of two or more distinct malignancies in the same patient, pose significant clinical challenges due to their complexity and the need for individualized treatment strategies. This case, discussed at the WIN Consortium International Molecular Tumor Board, illustrates the clinical journey of a 48-year-old female with a BRCA1 germline mutation who developed multiple primary cancers: breast, skin, high-grade serous carcinoma of the ovary, colon and small bowel cancers. Her treatment history included doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide for breast cancer, Mohs surgery for basal cell carcinoma, and carboplatin and paclitaxel for ovarian cancer. After participating in the PRIMA trial with niraparib, she was diagnosed with PIK3CA-mutated colon cancer, leading to resection and CAPOX chemotherapy. A subsequent diagnosis of small bowel adenocarcinoma, molecularly resembling her colon cancer, along with a unique BRCA1-STARD3 fusion in inguinal lymph nodes prompted a comprehensive MTB review. The panel discussed several precision strategies, including combinations of cetuximab, niraparib, and temsirolimus; FOLFIRI with anti-EGFR inhibitors; anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 (botensilimab and balstilimab); regorafenib with anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 (ipilimumab and nivolumab); trifluridine/tipiracil with bevacizumab; regorafenib alone; aspirin for potential benefits in patients with PIK3CA mutations; therapies targeting PIK3CA and EGFR alterations; regular imaging and liquid biopsies assessments for monitoring disease progression and guide future treatment decisions; and vaccines targeting PIK3CA, STARD3 and TP53. This case underscores the complexity of managing MPC and highlights the essential role of international molecular tumor boards in generating innovative, tailored treatment recommendations for patients with rare and multifaceted disease courses.

PMID 42478852
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PubMedThe oncologist2026-07-20

First report of dual KRAS Y96C/Y96S resistance mutations detected by liquid biopsy in KRAS G12C-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer.

Wang ZhiYu Z, Hong Dan D, Zhang Lan L, Qin Yan Y et al.

Acquired resistance limits the long-term efficacy of KRAS G12C inhibitors in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). While feedback signaling is a known resistance driver, the clinical evolution of structural alterations within the drug-binding pocket remains poorly characterized. We present a patient with microsatellite-stable (MSS) KRAS G12C-mutated mCRC who progressed after 9.3 months of sequential KRAS G12C inhibitor monotherapy. Comparative molecular profiling of baseline tissue and post-progression plasma ctDNA identified the de novo emergence of concurrent KRAS Y96S and Y96C mutations. These polyclonal Switch II pocket alterations, absent in pretreatment specimens, indicated convergent evolution under therapeutic selective pressure. A rationale-based salvage therapy utilizing vertical MAPK pathway blockade (sotorasib, cetuximab, and trametinib) failed to achieve durable control (PFS: 1.9 months), confirming biological refractoriness. The acquisition of polyclonal KRAS Y96S/C mutations represents a definitive structural resistance mechanism that compromises the efficacy of intensified vertical pathway blockade. The discordance between tissue and liquid biopsy findings underscores the necessity of plasma-based monitoring to capture spatial heterogeneity. These findings suggest that overcoming convergent Switch II pocket remodeling requires next-generation inhibitors with distinct binding modes rather than further pathway intensification.

PMID 42474245
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