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olaparib (myChoice CDx)

✓ Approved

Myriad Genetics, Inc. · 辅助诊断 · 辅助诊断

什么是 olaparib？

olaparib 是一种辅助诊断，由Myriad Genetics, Inc.研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Others。

药物档案

商品名myChoice CDx
公司Myriad Genetics, Inc.
药物类别辅助诊断
给药途径Others
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Myriad Genetics, Inc.

治疗适应症

olaparib 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)Uterine cancer✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedCurrent oncology (Toronto, Ont.)2026-10-26

Real-World Treatment Utilization and Patterns of Adjuvant Olaparib for Early-Stage Breast Cancer: Insights from the Komodo Research Database.

Batalini Felipe F, Li Qixin Q, Hayes Jennifer F JF, Mishkin Kathryn K et al.

Background and Objectives: As adjuvant treatment for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative early-stage breast cancer (eBC) evolves, real-world data should inform olaparib utilization, sequencing, and combination patterns in clinical practice. Methods: Using Komodo US claims data (1 January 2019-31 December 2023), we retrospectively analyzed HER2-negative eBC patients on adjuvant olaparib. Continuous insurance for 12 months pre- and ≥30 days post-index date (first olaparib prescription), with follow-up through disenrollment or study end, was required. Outcomes, including time on therapy (Kaplan-Meier median persistence), adherence (proportion of days covered), dose reduction, and combination patterns, were stratified by claims-derived hormone-receptor-positive (HR+) and triple-negative BC (TNBC) status. Results: Among 176 olaparib-treated patients (median age, 44 years), the median (95% CI) time on therapy was 11.0 (9.2, 12.2) months; 27.3% (n = 48) discontinued before 12 months without re-initiating, 19.9% experienced a dose reduction, and median adherence was 90%. Olaparib was combined with other therapies in 48.3% (n = 85) (29.6% [32/108] of TNBC and 77.9% [53/68] of HR+ patients), most often with immunotherapy in TNBC (81.3%, n = 26) and endocrine therapy in HR+ (88.7%, n = 47). Conclusions: Real-world data suggest favorable persistence and dosing patterns with adjuvant olaparib. Future research should prioritize olaparib combination regimen safety and effectiveness.

PMID 42930156
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PubMedCells2026-10-26

Stem Cell-Based Therapies in Companion Animals: Molecular Mechanisms, Clinical Applications, and Translational Perspectives.

Liu Weina W, Wang Yu Y, An Wei W, Wang Zhenlong Z et al.

Stem cell-based therapies, as regenerative and immunomodulatory strategies, show substantial potential in companion animals through tissue repair, functional recovery, and immune modulation. Despite advances in human stem cell research, veterinary clinical translation remains constrained by small sample sizes, short follow-up periods, and non-standardized cell dosing regimens and delivery protocols. The expanding repertoire of stem cell-based modalities and technologies-including mesenchymal stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, extracellular vesicles, and tissue engineering-provides promising avenues for clinical application. This review summarizes recent progress in stem cell-based therapies across multiple disease systems in dogs and cats, with particular attention to the molecular mechanisms underlying regenerative and immunomodulatory effects, cross-species translational strategies, current challenges, and combinatorial therapeutic approaches in companion animals. By examining mechanistic findings alongside preclinical and early clinical evidence, this review highlights the limitations of current knowledge and identifies research priorities for evaluating the safety and efficacy of stem cell-based therapies in dogs and cats.

PMID 42929856
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PubMedVeterinary medicine international2026-10-26

Zoonotic Potential of Non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter Species Associated With Dogs and Cats in Human Infections: A Systematic Review.

Al-Gburi Nagham Mohammed NM

Non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter (NHPH) spp. are clinically relevant organisms found in humans and several animal hosts. Dogs and cats are natural hosts of multiple gastric and enterohepatic NHPH spp. and may represent potential sources of human exposure. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the clinical, epidemiological, and molecular evidence concerning human infections involving dog- and cat-associated NHPH spp. and to evaluate the evidence for a possible epidemiological association with companion animals. PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for studies published from 2000 through the final search on April 15, 2026. Eligible studies reported human infection with NHPH spp. involving H. heilmannii sensu stricto (s.s), H. felis, H. bizzozeronii, H. salomonis, or H. canis. The following information was extracted: study and patient characteristics, NHPH species, human samples, diagnostic techniques, molecular confirmation, immunological state, clinical results, and exposure to dogs and/or cats. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist appropriate for each study design. Of 350 records identified, 51 studies met the inclusion criteria. The evidence consisted predominantly of case reports. H. heilmannii-related organisms were the most frequently reported, followed by H. canis, H. felis, H. bizzozeronii, and H. salomonis. Gastric NHPH infections were predominantly associated with gastric disease, while H. canis was mainly associated with systemic and extragastric infections, especially in immunocompromised or clinically vulnerable patients. Molecular confirmation was reported in 66.7% of studies (34/51), with one additional study providing molecular confirmation for only 2 of 22 cases. Dog and/or cat exposure was documented in 41.2% of studies (21/51). Although several studies identified the same NHPH spp. in humans and companion animals, paired strain-level molecular evidence remained limited and was insufficient to establish the direction of transmission. Numerous gastrointestinal and systemic infections in humans have been linked to NHPH spp. found in dogs and cats. According to available data, dogs and cats may act as reservoirs or sources of human NHPH infection, given the recognized zoonotic potential of these pathogens. However, direct animal-to-human transmission and its direction have not been conclusively established. This is largely due to the limited availability of strain-level molecular comparisons and paired human-animal sampling. To clarify transmission routes and improve integrated One Health surveillance, consistent molecular identification and comparative genomic studies are therefore required.

PMID 42928729
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PubMedBiosensors2026-10-26

Development of a One-Pot MIRA-CRISPR/Cas12b Fluorescence Biosensing Platform for Rapid Detection of Brucella canis.

Huo Suxin S, Zhu Yinchu Y, Ji Congyun C, Fan Fu F et al.

Brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease worldwide, and Brucella canis (B. canis) is an emerging concern in companion animal health. Rapid and reliable detection of B. canis in dogs is essential for disease control. Herein, we developed a one-pot MIRA CRISPR/Cas12b fluorescence biosensing platform targeting the conserved omp31 gene. The platform integrates MIRA mediated isothermal amplification with CRISPR/Cas12b-based target recognition and collateral cleavage. After optimization, the assay achieved a detection limit of 5 copies/reaction within 20 min, comparable to qPCR. No cross reactivity was observed with seven common canine pathogens. Among 128 clinical blood samples, the biosensor showed complete agreement with qPCR, achieving 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. These findings demonstrate that the biosensor provides a rapid, sensitive, and specific approach for B. canis detection, with potential for decentralized veterinary testing through its endpoint visual fluorescence readout and applications in One Health surveillance.

PMID 42930125
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PubMedCureus2026-10-26

Pancreatic Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm in a Carrier of a Reported Pathogenic BRCA2 Variant: Diagnostic Considerations and Management Using European and International Guidelines.

Balderas-Ortega Julio C JC, Escandon-Espinoza Yoeli Y, Lopez Garcia Katia K, Jasso Guerrero Gabriela G

Pathogenic germline variants in BRCA2 are associated with increased susceptibility to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and may prompt pancreatic surveillance in selected high-risk individuals. Whether BRCA2 status increases the prevalence or alters the biological behavior of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) remains uncertain. We report a 71-year-old Latin American woman with a reported heterozygous pathogenic BRCA2 variant and a remote history of stage IA hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast carcinoma. The original molecular genetics report was unavailable; therefore, the exact variant designation, testing platform, laboratory classification, and American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG)/Association of Molecular Pathology (AMP) evidence could not be independently verified. In June 2025, during long-term oncologic follow-up, positron emission tomography-computed tomography incidentally identified a 21×21 mm pancreatic tail cyst. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) in July 2025 demonstrated a 22×20 mm cyst communicating with the main pancreatic duct (MPD), which measured 5 mm. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) demonstrated a 20×23 mm septated cyst without mural nodules or a solid component. Serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) was 21.4 U/mL. Cyst fluid glucose was 12 mg/dL, amylase 316 U/L, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) 247 ng/mL. Cytologic examination and an adequate cell-block specimen obtained by EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) demonstrated papillary mucinous epithelium with gastric-type features, favoring a low-grade IPMN. No immunohistochemical studies were performed, and the specimens were evaluated by a gastrointestinal pathologist. The case was reviewed by a multidisciplinary team in August 2025. The 5 mm MPD represented a relative indication for surgery under the 2018 European evidence-based guidelines and a worrisome feature under contemporary international criteria, but no absolute or high-risk indication for resection was identified. Surveillance was selected. Computed tomography (CT) in December 2025 showed a stable 22×20 mm cyst and a 5 mm MPD; serum CA 19-9 was 24.7 U/mL. In May 2026, the cyst measured 22×21 mm, and the MPD remained 5 mm. The patient remained clinically stable and asymptomatic without pancreatitis, obstructive jaundice, abdominal pain, weight loss, or other symptoms attributable to the lesion. This case illustrates the integration of lesion-specific morphology, ductal anatomy, pathology, longitudinal imaging, and hereditary-risk context without using reported BRCA2 status alone as an indication for pancreatic resection.

PMID 42928716
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PubMedJournal of sleep research2026-10-26

Sleep Duration Phenotypes and Dynamic Homeostasis: A Wave-Model Framework.

Zhdanova Irina V IV, Kharchenko Vasili V, Barbato Giuseppe G, Wehr Thomas A TA

Are sleep duration and sleep intensity manifestations of the same phenotype, or are they distinct, complementary traits? We addressed this question by removing two major constraints on phenotype expression: limited sleep opportunity and prior sleep deficit. Across 105 baseline 8-h nights and 420 extended 14-h nights in 15 individuals, sleep duration and NREM intensity behaved as two largely independent traits. Baseline expression of each parameter predicted its own subsequent expression during chronic sleep abundance but failed to predict the companion trait either within or between conditions. We then evaluated external evidence from chronic 4- and 6-h sleep restriction alongside extreme natural sleep-duration phenotypes, interpreting these findings through the wave model of sleep dynamics. In this framework, sleep duration reflects the geometry of sleep-cycle oscillations, determined primarily by the width of the sleep-state stability landscape (formally represented as a Morse potential well). Conversely, NREM intensity reflects oscillation amplitude, providing a visible signature of deviation from homeostatic equilibrium. While acute perturbation alters amplitude, chronic perturbation induces adaptive changes in landscape width, preserving a characteristic deviation from equilibrium despite severe shifts in underlying state instability and allostatic strain.

PMID 42928455
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