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rituximab (Kikuzubam / PBO326)

✓ Approved

Probiomed · MS4A1 · 单克隆抗体

什么是 rituximab？

rituximab 是一种单克隆抗体，由Probiomed研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Injectable (Others)、Intracerebral/cerebroventricular Injection、Intravenous (IV)、Subcutaneous Injection。

药物档案

商品名Kikuzubam, PBO326
公司Probiomed
药物类别单克隆抗体, 抗体
分子靶点MS4A1
给药途径Injectable (Others), Intracerebral/cerebroventricular Injection, Intravenous (IV), Subcutaneous Injection
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Probiomed

作用机制

分子靶点

rituximab 作用于 1 个分子靶点：

MS4A1membrane spanning 4-domains A1 (S7, B1)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

rituximab 针对 8 个适应症，涉及 4 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)B-cell lymphoma✓ Approved
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia✓ Approved
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma✓ Approved
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma✓ Approved
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disordersRheumatoid arthritis✓ Approved

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相关研究文献

PubMedCureus2026-09-10

Obinutuzumab for Rituximab-Intolerant Minimal Change Disease: A Case Report and Review of Recent Literature.

Shan Hui Yi HY

B lymphocytes play a central role in the pathogenesis of minimal change disease (MCD). Rituximab is a chimeric (murine-human) type I anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody that depletes B cells and is used in the management of frequently relapsing (FR) and steroid-dependent (SD) MCD. However, continued treatment with rituximab is not feasible in some patients because of severe infusion reactions or hypersensitivity. Obinutuzumab is a humanized type II anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody that produces potent B-cell depletion and has been used as an alternative B-cell-depleting therapy in selected immune-mediated diseases. Experience with its use in adults with FR/SD MCD remains limited. The author reports an adult patient with MCD who developed an immediate hypersensitivity reaction to rituximab, confirmed by positive skin testing, which precluded further treatment. The patient subsequently received obinutuzumab without adverse reactions and achieved clinical remission. To the author's knowledge, this represents one of the first reported cases of successful obinutuzumab treatment following confirmed rituximab allergy in an adult with MCD. Although based on a single case, this report suggests that obinutuzumab may represent a potential therapeutic alternative for selected patients with MCD who are unable to receive rituximab because of hypersensitivity. The current literature on the use of obinutuzumab in adult MCD is also reviewed.

PMID 42719894
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PubMedCureus2026-09-10

Thrombotic Microangiopathy Presenting With Multisystem Involvement and Acute Neurologic Deficits in a 61-Year-Old Female: A Case of Acquired Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura.

Verhaegh Timmer T, Panossian Anais A, Michael Fady F, Rahman Tanvir T et al.

Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a rare, life-threatening hematologic syndrome characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and end-organ dysfunction. Among TMAs, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), an emergent subtype caused by severe deficiency of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13 (ADAMTS13), requires urgent recognition and prompt treatment. We present a 61-year-old woman who initially presented with abdominal pain and hematuria and was treated for a presumed urinary tract infection. She later developed chest pain, unilateral weakness, melena, and petechiae. Laboratory evaluation revealed severe anemia, thrombocytopenia, acute kidney injury, elevated lactate dehydrogenase, and schistocytes on peripheral smear, consistent with microangiopathic hemolysis. Urgent hematologic evaluation raised concern for TTP versus hemolytic uremic syndrome. Her PLASMIC score was high risk, prompting empiric initiation of plasma exchange and corticosteroids prior to confirmatory testing. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated punctate acute infarcts in the right parietal lobe. ADAMTS13 activity returned <10%, confirming acquired TTP. The patient improved with plasma exchange, corticosteroids, and rituximab, and was discharged in stable condition with outpatient follow-up. This case highlights the importance of early recognition, use of clinical prediction tools, and prompt treatment of TTP in patients with multisystem involvement and neurologic deficits to reduce morbidity and mortality.

PMID 42719318
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PubMedEuropean journal of neurology2026-09-10

Practical Guidance on Initiating and Switching Targeted Immunotherapies in Generalised Myasthenia Gravis: A German-Austrian Expert Opinion Paper.

Meisel Andreas A, Marina Adela Della AD, Doksani Paolo P, Hagenacker Tim T et al.

The therapeutic landscape of generalised myasthenia gravis (gMG) has evolved substantially with the approval of targeted immunotherapies, including complement C5 inhibitors (C5-I) and neonatal Fc receptor inhibitors (FcRn-I). While pivotal trials have demonstrated marked efficacy in defined subgroups, real-world experience reveals more heterogeneous outcomes and raises questions about optimal patient selection, therapy sequencing and integration into clinical practice. In Germany and Austria, early access following regulatory approval has facilitated clinical experience over recent years. This expert opinion paper aims to combine current evidence with clinical experience to guide the use of C5-I and FcRn-I in everyday care. A panel of 18 neurologists from Germany and Austria, including two paediatric neurologists, evaluated study data and real-world experiences. Through structured discussion and a consensus process, they developed evidence- and experience-based recommendations on integrating targeted immunotherapies into existing treatment algorithms. The panel provides practical recommendations for managing (highly) active gMG in adults, focusing on C5-I (eculizumab, ravulizumab, zilucoplan) and FcRn-I (efgartigimod, rozanolixizumab). The statements cover initiation criteria, sequencing and switching within and between drug classes and transitions to intensified immunomodulatory therapies (rituximab, apheresis, intravenous or subcutaneous immunoglobulin), as well as special considerations for juvenile MG. This expert statement provides a practice-oriented framework integrating current evidence and clinical experience to support individualised therapeutic decision-making in gMG.

PMID 42717567
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PubMedFrontiers in medicine2026-09-10

Impact of biologic and targeted synthetic therapies on bone health in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: a narrative review.

de la Cámara-Fernández Isabel I, Cobo-Ibáñez Tatiana T, Reillo-Sánchez Olga María OM, Cueva-Nájera Gabriela Nataly GN et al.

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by reduced bone mass, impaired microarchitecture, and increased fracture risk. Patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) have a higher prevalence of osteoporosis owing to chronic inflammation, glucocorticoid use, and disease-specific factors. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-17 contribute to bone loss, suggesting that therapies targeting these pathways may influence skeletal health. This narrative review aims to evaluate the effects of biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) and targeted synthetic DMARDs (tsDMARDs) on bone metabolism and fracture risk in adults with IMIDs. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in Ovid Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from 2015 to August 2025, using MeSH and free-text terms. Reference lists of included studies were manually screened. Search strategies were validated by an expert librarian. bDMARDs and tsDMARDs, including TNF-α inhibitors, IL-6 inhibitors, abatacept, rituximab, IL-17 inhibitors, and JAK inhibitors, generally preserve or modestly increase bone mineral density (BMD) and favorably modulate bone turnover markers (BTMs), although these effects do not always correlate with changes in BMD. However, in some cases, a decrease in BMD has been reported; this is usually associated with persistent inflammatory disease activity. Despite these effects, evidence for fracture risk reduction is limited and inconsistent, with outcomes influenced by disease activity, structural damage, and classic risk factors. bDMARDs and tsDMARDs appear to preserve or modestly improve bone mass and positively influence bone turnover in IMIDs. However, increased BMD does not consistently translate into lower fracture risk, and current evidence is insufficient to draw definitive conclusions regarding the effect of bDMARDs and tsDMARDs on fracture risk.

PMID 42719119
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PubMedJCO global oncology2026-09-09

Addition of Rituximab to First-Line Treatment of Burkitt Lymphoma in Children and Young Adults in Tanzania: A Cost-Utility Analysis.

Morrell Liz L, Mawalla William F WF, Tungu Malale M, Jiang Jingjing J et al.

Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a highly prevalent childhood cancer in sub-Saharan Africa. Outcomes are poor, with only 50% 2-year survival. Improving survival through intensifying chemotherapy treatment has proved challenging. Incorporating rituximab (a high-cost biological agent) into the current chemotherapy regimen is an alternative approach. A recent observational study in Tanzania and Uganda found improved 1-year survival, with no significant additional adverse events, when rituximab was added to chemotherapy. We present an economic evaluation of this regimen compared with current treatment. We conducted a cost-utility analysis from a Tanzanian health care perspective, over a patient lifetime, using a 4-state Markov model. Outcomes were measured in Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), and results were compared with three possible cost-effectiveness thresholds ($411 US dollars [USD], $1,211 USD and $3,633 USD). Survival, adverse events, and chemotherapy use came from the observational study (N = 72). Other resource used was derived from treatment protocols and clinical expertise, and unit costs (2023) were provided by Tanzanian hospitals. Survival was modeled parametrically over 2 years, after which survivors were assumed to be cured. We examined heterogeneity in cost-effectiveness by disease stage and performed sensitivity and scenario analyses. Adding rituximab gave an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $483 USD per DALY averted, slightly above the most stringent of the thresholds considered, and would be considered cost effective at any threshold above $501 USD. Rituximab was particularly cost effective in advanced-stage disease (ICER $395 USD). Results were sensitive to discount rate, drug costs particularly rituximab, and disease progression assumptions. Budget impact was estimated as Tanzanian Shillings 415 billion ($160 million USD) annually, from 5 years after implementation. Adding rituximab to current chemotherapy is a plausibly cost-effective treatment that would save lives in childhood BL, particularly for advanced-stage patients.

PMID 42715500
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PubMedJournal of cutaneous medicine and surgery2026-09-09

Off-Label Rituximab in Pediatric Autoimmune Blistering Diseases: A Systematic Review.

Abdul Ghafoor Abdul Aziz AA, Wen Sherilyn S, Cirone Katrina K, Kashetsky Nadia N et al.

PMID 42713928
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