北京若生智能科技有限公司
Drug Database
IN

insulin (Monotard MC / Novolin L / Human Monotard)

✓ Approved

Novo Nordisk A/S · INSR · 重组蛋白

什么是 insulin？

insulin 是一种重组蛋白，由Novo Nordisk A/S研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Injectable (Others)、Intramuscular (IM) Injection、Subcutaneous Injection。

药物档案

商品名Monotard MC, Novolin L, Human Monotard
公司Novo Nordisk A/S
药物类别重组蛋白, 多肽类
分子靶点INSR
给药途径Injectable (Others), Intramuscular (IM) Injection, Subcutaneous Injection
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Novo Nordisk A/S

作用机制

分子靶点

insulin 作用于 1 个分子靶点：

INSRinsulin receptor (CD220, HHF5)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

insulin 针对 2 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Metabolism and nutrition disordersType 1 diabetes mellitus✓ Approved
Metabolism and nutrition disordersType 2 diabetes mellitus✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedGeriatrics & gerontology international2026-09-10

Ward-Level Variation and Clinical Correlates of Low Serum Zinc Among Long-Term Care Facility Residents: A Five-Year Retrospective Cohort Study.

Kudeken Norifumi N

Zinc deficiency is common among older adults and may contribute to frailty, immune dysfunction, and nutritional vulnerability. However, longitudinal evidence describing zinc status among residents of long-term care facilities (LTCFs) remains limited. This retrospective cohort study analyzed annual health examination data from 141 residents registered at baseline in 2021 at a long-term care facility in Okinawa, Japan, with follow-up data available through 2025. Serum zinc concentrations were measured yearly at the same clinical laboratory using consistent analytical methods. Demographic and laboratory variables including age, sex, albumin, hemoglobin, estimated glomerular filtration rate, long-term care insurance care-need level, enteral tube feeding, and polaprezinc use were collected. Serum zinc levels remained persistently low during the 5-year observation period. Among residents in Wards 1 and 2, 38.2% of measurements showed serum zinc levels below 50 μg/dL and 78.4% were below 60 μg/dL. Zinc levels differed across wards, reflecting differences in resident case-mix and care needs. Ward 2 included residents with higher care needs, including five residents with care-need level 4; all 10 residents receiving enteral tube feeding were also in Ward 2, whereas Ward 3 included residents with lower care needs and support-level care. Among residents in Wards 1 and 2, mean zinc levels did not significantly differ across years (ANOVA, p = 0.39), indicating persistent low zinc levels without significant improvement. In multivariable analyses, serum albumin levels were strongly associated with zinc levels. Persistent zinc deficiency was therefore common among LTCF residents during the study period. These findings suggest that routine assessment of zinc status may help identify nutritional vulnerability among institutionalized older adults.

PMID 42717774
阅读全文 →
PubMedAngewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)2026-09-10

A High-Voltage Mild Alkaline Zinc-Iodine Battery Enabled by Tailored Redox Couples.

Wu Wanlong W, Wang Zhaoyi Z, Sharma Bharat Prasad BP, Yang Huijuan H et al.

Aqueous zinc-iodine batteries are promising energy storage systems. However, the voltage is limited in mild acidic electrolytes, while alkaline electrolytes lead to severe passivation at both electrodes. Herein, we optimize zinc-iodine battery systems by tailoring the redox couples of both electrodes based on the Pourbaix diagrams. The I-I2/I3 - cathode couple, which stays stable up to the pH of 9.5, is applied due to its facile kinetics over I--IO3 -. Meanwhile, considering the decreasing redox potential of Zn anode in the alkaline region, the Zn-Zn(NH3)4 2+ couple is selected with pH adjusted toward the cathode boundary of 9.3 by ammonium. This reaction pathway also fundamentally avoids ZnO passivation. The resulting optimal mild alkaline system achieves 1.6 V average voltage, exceeding both mild acidic and strong alkaline electrolytes. A quaternary ammonium cation is further employed to inhibit polyiodide dissolution from the cathode and suppress hydrogen evolution reaction at the anode. Consequently, the zinc-iodine battery realizes 2.13 mAh cm-2 capacity at 3 mA cm-2 and retains 1.08 mAh cm-2 capacity at 20 mA cm-2, together with low overpotentials of 0.06 and 0.21 V, respectively. It also achieves 93.6% capacity retention for 2000 cycles with 99.2% coulombic efficiency and 88.3% energy efficiency.

PMID 42717848
阅读全文 →
PubMedAngewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)2026-09-10

All-in-One Stretchable Flexible Zinc-Air Battery Enabled by Eutectogel-Derived Electrolyte and Electrodes.

Zheng Yafen Y, Wang Tao T, Wu Dongling D, Ren Pengxu P et al.

Flexible zinc-air batteries (FZABs) draw attention for flexibility and high energy density, yet developing integrated ones with stable electrode/electrolyte interfaces and stretchability remains challenging. Herein, lactic acid/ethylene glycol-polyvinyl alcohol (LA/EG-PVA) eutectogel is rationally designed to simultaneously act as the electrolyte, zinc anode, and catalyst cathode matrix for the fabricating fully stretchable, self-healing, all-in-one FZABs. The carboxyl (─COOH) and hydroxyl (─OH) groups of LA form numerous hydrogen bonds with EG and PVA, creating a dense cross-linked structure in the eutectogel. This gives the eutectogel excellent adhesion for robust electrode/electrolyte contact and significantly enhances its liquid retention and ionic conductivity. Furthermore, the ─COOH and ─OH in LA molecules effectively immobilize water molecules via forming hydrogen bonds, which mitigates hydrogen evolution and corrosion side reactions. Simultaneously, the strong electrostatic interaction between LA and Zn(OH)4 2- induces uniform zinc deposition, thereby suppressing dendritic growth and passivation. The all-in-one FZAB with eutectogel-derived electrolyte/electrodes delivers a peak power density of 65.4 mW cm-2, retains 44.5 mW cm-2 under 100% tensile strain, self-heals to function under stretching after cutting, and operates from -40 to 100°C. This integrated eutectogel design approach offers a new avenue for stretchable FZABs and holds promise for more stretchable energy storage devices.

PMID 42720210
阅读全文 →
PubMedCytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology2026-09-10

Velociraptor Machine Learning Quantifies Similarity to Known Cell Types and Matches Cells Across Flow and Imaging Cytometry Platforms.

Cross Claire E CE, Brockman Asa A AA, Ihrie Rebecca A RA, Irish Jonathan M JM

Suspension flow cytometry enables high-throughput cellular profiling at the single cell level, but these data lack positional information. Conversely, tissue-based imaging cytometry techniques reveal a cell's location within the tissue architecture and can provide insight into cell biology. It would be especially valuable if data analysis tools could incorporate data from imaging and flow cytometry platforms to gain complementary strengths when quantifying features of cells and populations. We hypothesized that per-cell Marker Enrichment Modeling (MEM) might provide a way to register cells between flow and imaging cytometry analysis. Here, we developed the Velociraptor machine learning workflow for cross-platform cytometry analysis. Velociraptor begins with a graph-based implementation of MEM to calculate per-cell quantitative phenotype labels. With this information, Velociraptor can then quickly calculate similarity between each cell's phenotype and search terms describing established cell types, cells of interest, or cells observed in other samples. Velociraptor was effective in registering cells within and between cytometry platforms. Integrated identification of cell populations was tested in several challenges, including comparisons of high dimensional datasets from cancer and immunology. Tested instrument types included imaging mass cytometry (IMC), cyclic immunohistochemistry (cycIHC), suspension mass cytometry (CyTOF), and suspension spectral flow cytometry (SFC). Between IMC and CyTOF, a comparison across imaging and flow cytometry platforms that use the same mass tag probes, Velociraptor accurately identified and registered immune cell types (median F1-measure of 0.81). Between SFC and CyTOF, a comparison of two fundamentally different probe types-fluorophores and metal tags-in suspension flow cytometry, Velociraptor was even more accurate at identifying and registering cells (concordance correlation coefficient of 0.99). Velociraptor was especially useful in heterogeneous samples where individual cells diverged in phenotype from the bulk population. In IMC imaging of human breast cancer, a previously unappreciated tumor cell subset was revealed by Velociraptor, characterized as CD15+, and validated as spatially segregated to the tumor core. In both cycIHC (8-dimensional imaging) and IMC imaging (40-dimensional imaging), Velociraptor accurately identified macrophages using a single search label as input. Notably, Velociraptor worked effectively with both extremely rare and highly abundant cell types and with cell search labels calculated from data and theoretical labels based on literature and expertise. The Velociraptor algorithm is freely available at https://github.com/cytolab.

PMID 42720181
阅读全文 →
PubMedChemical record (New York, N.Y.)2026-09-10

Artificial Interfacial Protective Layers for Zinc Anodes in Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries: Design Principles and Stabilization Mechanisms.

Liu Shuo S, Luo Shaohua S, Cong Jun J, Sun Qi Q et al.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are promising for large-scale energy storage owing to their high safety, low cost, abundant Zn resources, and environmental compatibility. However, Zn metal anodes suffer from interfacial instability in aqueous electrolytes, including dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution, corrosion/passivation, and insulating by-products, which impair reversible Zn2+ plating/stripping and cycling durability. Artificial interfacial protective layers offer an effective route to stabilize Zn anodes by integrating protective and regulatory functions at the Zn/electrolyte interface. This review summarizes the failure mechanisms of Zn anodes and the design principles of artificial interphases, emphasizing homogenized Zn2+ flux and electric-field distribution, suppression of active water and side reactions, and improved ionic conductivity and interfacial stability. The compositions, fabrication methods, mechanisms, advantages, and limitations of inorganic, organic/polymeric, and organic-inorganic hybrid interphases are discussed. Finally, current challenges, including molecular-level mechanism identification, long-term structural stability, practical-condition evaluation, and scalable fabrication, are highlighted. A mechanism-oriented framework linking interfacial composition, Zn2+ transport, desolvation, water activity regulation, electric-field homogenization, and structural adaptability is proposed to guide advanced Zn-anode protection.

PMID 42717605
阅读全文 →
PubMedCatheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions2026-09-10

Prognostic Value of Angiography-Derived Fractional Flow Reserve Following Drug-Coated Balloon Angioplasty.

Rubio Pablo M PM, Bossard Matthias M, Amurrio Oscar J OJ, Franch Laura L et al.

The role of post-procedural physiological assessment after drug-coated balloon (DCB) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains poorly defined. Angiography-derived indices such as μQFR provide a non-wire-based alternative to traditional physiological measurements, yet their prognostic value following DCB-PCI has not been established. To explore the association between post-procedural μQFR and target lesion revascularization (TLR) in patients undergoing DCB angioplasty for de novo coronary lesions. This analysis included consecutive patients from the prospective SIROOP registry undergoing DCB-PCI for de novo coronary lesions. Post-procedural μQFR was assessed offline using a dedicated angiography-derived physiology software (AngioPlus, Pulse Medical Imaging Technology, Shanghai, China). Patients were stratified according to a post-procedural μQFR cutoff of 0.80 (≤ 0.80 vs. > 0.80). The primary endpoint was clinically driven TLR at 2-year follow-up. A total of 205 patients were analyzed, of whom 51 (24.9%) had a post-procedural μQFR ≤ 0.80 and 154 (75.1%) had a μQFR > 0.80. Baseline clinical characteristics were similar between groups. During 2-year follow-up, TLR occurred in nine patients (4.4%). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated no significant difference in TLR according to post-procedural μQFR groups (log-rank p = 0.488). In patients undergoing DCB-PCI for de novo coronary lesions, post-procedural angiography-derived physiological assessment using μQFR was not associated with clinically driven TLR at 2-year follow-up when applying a cutoff of 0.80. These findings underscore the need for prospective studies to clarify the role of angiography-derived physiology after DCB-PCI.

PMID 42717411
阅读全文 →

注册免费账户还可查看另外 9996 篇文献

免费注册查看全部文献 →

了解更多insulin