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ceftriaxone sodium + tazobactam sodium (Citrafen)

✓ Approved

Bharat Serums and Vaccines Limited · 小分子 · 小分子

什么是 ceftriaxone sodium + tazobactam sodium？

ceftriaxone sodium + tazobactam sodium 是一种小分子，由Bharat Serums and Vaccines Limited研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Injectable (Others)。

药物档案

商品名Citrafen
公司Bharat Serums and Vaccines Limited
药物类别小分子
给药途径Injectable (Others)
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Bharat Serums and Vaccines Limited

治疗适应症

ceftriaxone sodium + tazobactam sodium 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Infections and infestationsStreptococcal infection✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedJournal of the American Chemical Society2026-10-27

Online Quantification of Lattice Sodium for O3-Type Cathode Diagnostics during Scalable Manufacturing.

Su Xiao-Chuan XC, Jin Ruo-Xi RX, Qi Xiaodong X, Chen Hao-Ran HR et al.

The precise control of lattice sodium stoichiometry in cathodes is paramount for sodium-ion battery performance, as it constitutes the sole charge carrier inside the battery during the charge/discharge process. However, precisely tracking the lattice sodium inventory within Na-layered oxide cathodes, particularly during manufacturing, remains a significant challenge. Here, we propose a reliable descriptor, the diffraction peak intensity ratio (α = I(003)/I(104)), which allows the rapid, accurate, and nondestructive quantification of lattice sodium and distinguishes it from inactive sodium. In particular, a rational correlation can be established among the α value, lattice sodium content, and electrochemical properties to enable the α value to predict the electrochemical performance of the as-prepared Na-layered oxides. To achieve continuous and scalable online lattice sodium quantification during manufacturing, we design an industrial automated testing platform applicable to the cathode material production lines with high efficiency and accuracy. Our work provides a universal solution for the prediction and adjustment of material performance during the synthesis and processing, which ultimately accelerates the sustainable development of sodium-ion batteries.

PMID 42938015
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PubMedNutrients2026-10-27

The Salinogenic Food Environment: A Conceptual Framework Linking Salt Exposure, Dietary Behaviors, and Cardiovascular Health.

Gonçalves Carla C, Silva-Santos Tânia T, Moreira Pedro P

Background: Excessive sodium intake is a major modifiable risk factor for hypertension and cardiovascular disease and remains well above recommended levels globally. Although sodium reduction strategies have traditionally focused on individual behaviour change, food environments largely determine sodium consumption by shaping food availability, affordability, preferences, and purchasing options. However, no conceptual framework has specifically characterized food environments according to their capacity to promote excessive salt intake. Objectives: To introduces the concept of the salinogenic food environment and proposes a conceptual framework integrating environmental determinants of sodium exposure across food systems, dietary behaviors and cardiovascular health outcomes. Methods: A narrative conceptual review synthesized evidence from ecological health models, particularly the ANGELO framework, food environment research, sodium epidemiology, dietary behaviours, and cardiovascular health. Evidence from retail, out-of-home and institutional food settings, sociocultural and economic influences, and policy environments informed framework development. Results: The salinogenic food environment is defined as an environment that promotes high salt intake through the widespread availability of high-sodium foods and the reinforcement of salty taste preferences. The framework encompasses four interrelated domains: physical, economic, sociocultural, and policy/governance environments. Evidence indicates that processed and ultra-processed foods, restaurant and institutional meals, food pricing structures, cultural dietary practices, and insufficient regulatory measures collectively contribute to excessive sodium exposure. The framework highlights how these domains interact to shape sodium exposure, reinforce salty taste preferences, and contribute to socioeconomic inequalities in sodium intake. It also proposes approaches for operationalizing salinogenic environments through objective indicators, perceived environment measures, and composite indices. Conclusions: The salinogenic food environment framework reorients sodium reduction from an individual responsibility toward to a structural property of contemporary food systems. By providing a common conceptual language for research, surveillance and policy evaluation, it may facilitate the development of more effective multisectorial strategies to reduce sodium exposure and improve cardiovascular health.

PMID 42943025
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PubMedMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-27

Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Probiotic Fermented Sheep Milk Fortified with Inulin and Sodium Butyrate.

Szajnar Katarzyna K, Pawlos Małgorzata M, Drobniak-Łysuniek Julita J, Znamirowska-Piotrowska Agata A

Background/Objectives: In the production of functional foods, bioactive compounds are commonly incorporated into the product, including dietary fibre, polyols, probiotics and prebiotics, unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and other health-promoting constituents. Such ingredients are used, among others, for the fortification of dairy products. From a technological perspective, inulin used in food production is a white powder that dissolves readily in hot water, whereas in cold water it tends to precipitate. It is characterised by a neutral odour and taste. Recent findings, in turn, indicate that sodium butyrate exhibits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in intestinal diseases and may be applied in their treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of inulin, as well as inulin combined with sodium butyrate, on the physicochemical characteristics and organoleptic quality of sheep milk fermented with six different probiotic monocultures. Methods: Fermented sheep milk samples supplemented with inulin or with the combination of inulin and sodium butyrate were analyzed for instrumental color parameters, pH, titratable acidity, and syneresis. Organoleptic evaluation was also performed. For each probiotic strain, three variants were prepared: a control without additives, a variant with 4% inulin, and a variant with 4% inulin and 0.06% sodium butyrate. Results: Supplementation with inulin or with the combination of inulin and sodium butyrate significantly affected instrumental color parameters. In most cases, the pH values of supplemented fermented milk samples were higher than those of the control samples. The highest pH values were observed in milk fermented by L. rhamnosus Lr32 and supplemented with inulin or with inulin and sodium butyrate. Moreover, syneresis of milk enriched with inulin as well as with inulin and sodium butyrate was significantly lower than that of the control samples, regardless of the probiotic strain applied. Conclusions: Considering the limited availability of probiotic sheep milk products on the market, the obtained results indicate that fermented sheep milk enriched with probiotic strains, inulin, and sodium butyrate may represent a promising matrix for the development of novel functional dairy products. This study also provides new insights into the application of sodium butyrate and inulin in probiotic fermented sheep milk.

PMID 42943770
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PubMedMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-27

Low-Energy Mechanochemical Dry Coating for Improving the Flowability of Sodium Naproxen.

Przywara Mateusz M, Leś Karolina Maria KM, Chutkowski Marcin M

Sodium naproxen is a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) known for its therapeutic efficacy but also for its poor flowability, which complicates manufacturing processes. This study aimed to improve the flow properties of sodium naproxen through a patented mechanochemical dry coating method using nanostructured silica (Aerosil® R972) as a flow modifier. The process was conducted in a modified V-type tumbler mixer under selected conditions, including a 7:1 ball-to-powder mass ratio, a 10-min mixing time, and a 10 rpm rotational speed. Flowability was evaluated using Carr's indices, while mechanical properties were assessed via shear testing with a Jenike cell. Surface morphology was characterized by SEM. Results showed that the modified sodium naproxen samples demonstrated a substantial improvement in flow indices, a shift to an "easy-flowing" classification at higher consolidation stresses, and a marked reduction in cohesion compared to the unmodified material. SEM confirmed partial silica deposition on particle surfaces. These findings indicate that the applied method effectively improves the handling characteristics of sodium naproxen powders. The process is relatively simple, requires low energy, is potentially applicable at a larger scale, and shows potential for pharmaceutical powder processing requiring flow enhancement of cohesive active ingredients.

PMID 42941146
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PubMedToxicologic pathology2026-10-27

Pseudohyponatremia Caused by an Intravenously Administered Liposome Drug Product in a 1-Month Nonclinical Toxicity Study in Cynomolgus Monkeys.

Janovitz Evan B EB, Katavolos Paula P

Pseudohyponatremia is a laboratory artifact whereby measured serum sodium concentration is falsely low, despite normal plasma osmolality and sodium concentration in plasma water. This occurs when sodium is measured by indirect ion-selective electrode (ISE) methods on samples with hyperlipidemia or hyperproteinemia. In contrast, hyponatremia (low serum sodium concentration with hypotonic serum) is a potentially life-threatening electrolyte disturbance that can cause severe neurologic symptoms, and treatment carries risk of osmotic demyelination syndrome. Therefore, distinguishing between pseudohyponatremia and hyponatremia is critical for patient management since treating pseudohyponatremia as hyponatremia (despite normal serum tonicity) can cause hyperosmolar injury and serious neurologic complications. We observed pseudohyponatremia in a 1-month nonclinical toxicity monkey study evaluating a liposomal drug product administered intravenously. Pseudohyponatremia also occurred in the control group receiving the liposome carrier alone, indicating an effect from the liposome formulation. Normal serum osmolality in samples from both groups confirmed pseudohyponatremia rather than hyponatremia. Since projected human doses would have been at the same level as tested in monkeys, pseudohyponatremia would have been anticipated in early clinical trials and clinical trial protocols would have required serum sodium measurement using a direct ISE and/or serum osmolality assessment to avoid misdiagnosis.

PMID 42935146
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PubMedKidney international reports2026-10-27

Randomized Controlled Trial of Salt and Amiloride on Vascular Stiffness in ADPKD.

Noruzi Anahita A, Xue Laixi L, Visser Wesley J WJ, Zietse Robert R et al.

Patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) often develop early vascular stiffening and hypertension. Dietary sodium may worsen vascular stiffness via epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) activation, and ENaC inhibition might mitigate this, but this remains untested in ADPKD. We hypothesized that dietary sodium loading increases vascular stiffness in ADPKD and that the ENaC inhibitor amiloride attenuates this effect. In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, adults with ADPKD and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 completed a 2-week low-salt run-in (≤ 3.5 g/d), then were randomized 1:1 to oral sodium chloride capsules (6 g/d) or placebo for 2 weeks, followed by a 2-week open-label amiloride (20 mg/d) add-on phase in both arms. The primary outcome was pulse wave velocity (PWV). Secondary outcomes included 24-hour blood pressure (BP) and biochemical parameters. Thirty-seven participants (mean age 39 ± 11 years, eGFR 89 ± 19 ml/min per 1.73 m2) were randomized to salt (n = 19) or placebo (n = 18). Salt supplementation increased PWV (6.5 ± 0.9 m/s to 6.8 ± 1.1 m/s, P = 0.02) and 24-hour systolic BP (133 ± 13 mm Hg to 138 ± 15 mm Hg, P = 0.02). Amiloride did not reduce PWV in either group, but decreased systolic BP only in the low-salt group (135 ± 11 to 130 ± 13 mm Hg, P = 0.03). Plasma potassium increased modestly in both groups following amiloride, without hyperkalemia. In this small, short-term trial, dietary sodium significantly increased vascular stiffness and BP in early ADPKD, and amiloride significantly lowered BP only under low-salt conditions. These findings support dietary sodium restriction as a practical strategy for BP and vascular protection in early ADPKD.

PMID 42936279
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