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prezatide copper acetate (GHK:Cu / vulnerary, ProCyte / Iamin Hydrating Gel)

✓ Approved

ProCyte · 小分子 · 小分子

什么是 prezatide copper acetate？

prezatide copper acetate 是一种小分子，由ProCyte研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Topical。

药物档案

商品名GHK:Cu, vulnerary, ProCyte, Iamin Hydrating Gel
公司ProCyte
药物类别小分子
给药途径Topical
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, ProCyte

治疗适应症

prezatide copper acetate 针对 4 个适应症，涉及 3 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disordersDecubitus ulcer✓ Approved
General disorders and administration site conditionsImpaired healing✓ Approved
Injury, poisoning and procedural complicationsThermal burn✓ Approved
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disordersDiabetic foot✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedJournal of functional biomaterials2026-07-27

Copper-Doped Silicate Porous Architectures for Hard Tissue Engineering.

Cristea Cristina C, Puscasu Maria-Eliza ME, Isopencu Gabriela-Olimpia GO, Oprea Ovidiu-Cristian OC et al.

Porous silicate scaffolds represent a promising class of grafting materials for hard tissue engineering due to their superior bioactivity, adjustable degradation rates, and ability to stimulate both osteogenesis and angiogenesis. In this work, scaffolds based on an akermanite-targeted (Ca2MgSi2O7) starting composition, including copper-doped variants, were synthesized using sol-gel and combustion routes, followed by 3D printing to achieve porous architectures with controlled pore size and interconnectivity. The powders were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermal analysis to evaluate their morphology, composition, and crystalline phases. The scaffolds were further assessed in terms of bioactivity by immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF), antibacterial activity, and in vitro cellular response. The results confirmed that copper doping enhanced antibacterial properties, while maintaining favorable biological behavior. Comparative analysis revealed differences between the two synthesis methods, with sol-gel providing more homogeneous structures and combustion leading to highly porous morphologies. These findings highlight copper-doped silicate scaffolds as promising candidates for bone tissue regeneration, combining architectural integrity with biological functionality.

PMID 42506561
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PubMedDiscover nano2026-07-27

Zinc oxide/copper ferrite ferrofluids derived from natural resources for antifungal applications.

Rahmawati Febriana F, Fen Yap Wing YW, Intan Subadra S T Ulfawanti STU, Hidayat Nurul N et al.

One of the serious global health issues is related to toxigenic fungi, especially Aspergillus flavus. To address this issue, it is crucial to develop eco-friendly and effective antifungal agents. Therefore, we develop zinc oxide/copper ferrite-soursop leaf extract nanocomposites as novel antifungal agents using a combination of sol-gel, coprecipitation, and mixing methods. Interestingly, the nanocomposites were modified into ferrofluids with varying mass of copper ferrite-soursop leaf extract to increase their stability and antifungal performance. Furthermore, this work employed natural resources such as iron sand, soursop leaf, and coconut oil as the main eco-friendly precursors. The results of X-ray diffractometry showed that the nanocomposites formed two crystal phases, namely zinc oxide and copper ferrite with hexagonal wurtzite and inverse cubic spinel structures, respectively. Meanwhile, the presence of soursop leaf extract as a surfactant in ferrofluids was indicated by several main functional groups, such as C-H, O-H, and C=O. The morphology of the zinc oxide/copper ferrite-soursop leaf extract nanocomposites tended to be more uniform, with a size that decreased from 52.44 nm to 22.68 nm. The prepared ferrofluids were tested using the well diffusion method with 3 replicates, showing the antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus with inhibition zone diameters ranging from 7.60 mm to 8.90 mm. This increase occurred because the particle size of nanocomposites was smaller, causing them to easily penetrate the fungal cell membrane. In addition, the increase in the inhibition zone diameter can be attributed to the presence of O-H functional groups and bioactive compounds, originating from increasing leaf extract composition. Furthermore, the data analysis confirmed that the increase in the inhibition zone diameter was not due to random variation, but rather the effectiveness of the ferrofluid system, as indicated by a statistically significant result (p < 0.05). The presence of oleic acid and dimethyl sulfoxide in the ferrofluids also contributed to increasing the stability of the nanocomposites and membrane penetration so that the ferrofluids enter the fungal cells. Furthermore, the synergistic effect between zinc oxide and copper ferrite also produced reactive oxygen species and interactions with fungal cells. These findings suggest that the prepared zinc oxide/copper ferrite-soursop leaf extract ferrofluids have potential as novel antifungal agents, especially against Aspergillus flavus.

PMID 42507255
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PubMedCells2026-07-27

Copper Homeostasis and Cuproptosis in Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Liu Bowen B, Zhang Lingyun L, Lv Bing B, Xu Chunjie C et al.

Copper is an essential trace element required for numerous enzymatic processes in the brain, including mitochondrial metabolism, antioxidant defense, and gene expression regulation. Recent studies have further implicated copper in a newly defined form of regulated cell death termed cuproptosis, providing a mechanistic framework for copper-dependent cytotoxicity. Increasing evidence indicates that copper dyshomeostasis is a common feature of major neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), where it is associated with protein misfolding, redox imbalance, and neuronal vulnerability. Nevertheless, the mechanistic link between copper dysregulation and neuronal cell death remains incompletely defined. In this review, we systematically summarize the molecular mechanisms governing copper homeostasis and intracellular copper trafficking, while providing a timely, updated, and in-depth overview of the mechanistic basis and emerging biology of cuproptosis. We further comprehensively evaluate the current evidence linking copper dysregulation and cuproptosis-related pathways to neurodegenerative diseases, with particular emphasis on distinguishing mechanistic causation from pathological correlation. Importantly, we discuss current therapeutic strategies and emerging clinical efforts targeting copper metabolism, while highlighting the major challenges in defining the pathological significance and mechanistic contribution of cuproptosis in neurodegenerative diseases. Collectively, this review provides an updated framework for understanding the pathological significance and translational potential of cuproptosis in neurodegenerative diseases.

PMID 42505348
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PubMedJournal of bacteriology2026-07-27

Oxygen-dependent partitioning of acetate assimilation via Acs and AckA-Pta pathways in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Watkins M E ME, Tonapi K V KV, VanDrisse C M CM

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a metabolically versatile pathogen that thrives in host environments characterized by gradients of oxygen and nutrient availability. Although acetate is an abundant carbon source in chronic infections, the mechanisms governing P. aeruginosa acetate assimilation remains poorly understood. In many bacteria, acetate utilization occurs via the low-carbon-flux acetyl-CoA synthetase (Acs) or the high-carbon-flux acetate kinase/phosphotransacetylase (AckA-Pta) pathways. Here, we show that in P. aeruginosa, the above-mentioned pathways assimilate acetate as a function of oxygen availability, not as a function of carbon concentration. Our growth data demonstrate that AcsA is required for robust growth on acetate under oxic conditions, whereas the AckA-Pta pathway is essential for robust growth on acetate under anoxic conditions. Complementation experiments reveal that both pathways are functionally capable of acetate assimilation regardless of oxygen presence, indicating that pathway usage is primarily controlled by transcriptional regulation. Consistent with this, RT-qPCR analysis shows that acsA expression was elevated under oxic conditions, while ackA and pta were upregulated in the absence of oxygen. Despite these regulatory differences, kinetic analyses demonstrated that Acs and AckA from P. aeruginosa exhibit substrate affinities and catalytic efficiencies comparable to those of Salmonella enterica, indicating that the ability of both pathways to support P. aeruginosa growth across acetate concentrations is not due to altered enzyme kinetics like in other organisms. Together, these findings establish a new model in which oxygen availability, rather than acetate concentration, governs acetate assimilation in P. aeruginosa, with important implications for metabolic adaptation during infection. Recent work has highlighted metabolic regulation as a driver of virulence, yet how P. aeruginosa metabolizes key metabolites found at infection sites remains uncharacterized. P. aeruginosa has a strong preference for acetate over other conventional carbon sources such as glucose, and acetate is found at millimolar concentrations in hosts. However, how P. aeruginosa regulates pathways involved in acetate assimilation remains largely unknown. Because steep oxygen gradients exist in host niches, where P. aeruginosa encounters acetate, understanding how acetate assimilation pathways are regulated via oxygen tension is essential for identifying spatial vulnerabilities at infection sites.

PMID 42505140
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PubMedJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)2026-07-27

Acetate Signalling Regulates Virulence-Associated Traits in the Esca Pathogen Phaeomoniella chlamydospora.

Novák Ádám Á, Szabó Dóra D, Gomba-Tóth Adrienn A, Molnár Nikolett N et al.

Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (Pch) is a pioneer pathogen of esca, one of the most destructive grapevine trunk diseases worldwide. A recent work suggests that acetate may act as a quorum-sensing (QS) molecule in Pch, promoting biofilm formation in a concentration-dependent manner. However, the broader influence of acetate on virulence-associated traits remains unexplored. In this study, three Pch isolates were cultured under increasing sodium acetate concentrations (0-100 mM) and assessed for pigmentation, extracellular enzyme activities (amylase, cellulase, protease, esterase, and pectinase), phenolic compound-degrading capacity, and antibacterial activity against a grapevine-associated Pseudomonas sp. isolate. Pigmentation, as well as amylase and cellulase activities, were significantly increased at low acetate supplement levels (6.25-12.5 mM), while esterase activity was unaffected. The expression of these traits decreased above 25 mM acetate supplementation. Phenolic compound degradation capacity, antibacterial efficacy, as well as protease and pectinase activities progressively suppressed at all acetate concentrations. These results indicate that acetate concentration modulates multiple virulence-associated phenotypes of Pch in vitro. Based on these patterns, we propose a hypothetical model in which acetate-dependent phenotypic changes may reflect a shift between establishment-associated activities and reduced extracellular activity at higher acetate levels. This model remains to be validated by mechanistic and in planta infection-based studies.

PMID 42506300
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PubMedJournal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society2026-07-27

A copper nanoplatform with irreversible electroporation induces cuproptosis via lipid reprogramming and remodels tumor immunity in pancreatic cancer.

Jiang Shaotao S, Huang Yuelin Y, Tao Na N, Liu Tuo T et al.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most treatment-refractory malignancies, largely due to its dense stromal architecture and limited intratumoral drug penetration. Here, we developed a hyaluronic acid-modified polypyrrole-copper nanoparticle (PLGA-Cuppy@HA, mCuppy) for copper delivery and irreversible electroporation (IRE)-assisted therapy. To optimize therapeutic performance, copper loading and HA surface modification were systematically tuned, resulting in a formulation with balanced physicochemical properties, efficient CD44-mediated cellular uptake, and favorable biological activity. When combined with IRE, mCuppy exhibited enhanced intratumoral retention, improved 3D spheroid penetration, and increased intracellular uptake, which were associated with IRE-induced membrane permeabilization and improved intratumoral distribution. Mechanistically, integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that the combination treatment induced profound metabolic reprogramming associated with cuproptosis, including dysregulation of pantothenate/CoA biosynthesis, unsaturated fatty acid metabolism, and glycerolipid metabolism. These alterations were accompanied by lipoylated protein aggregation, lipid droplet accumulation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Notably, additional analyses of cell death pathways suggested that, while cuproptosis represents a dominant mechanism, apoptosis and lipid metabolism-associated stress responses may also contribute to the overall therapeutic effect. In orthotopic PDAC models, mCuppy combined with IRE achieved marked tumor suppression and promoted antitumor immune remodeling, including dendritic cell maturation, increased CD8+ T-cell infiltration, and M1 macrophage polarization. Together, this study demonstrates that IRE-potentiated copper nano therapy induces metabolic vulnerability, cuproptosis, and immune remodeling in PDAC, providing a promising strategy for stromal-rich pancreatic cancer.

PMID 42503313
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