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Purethal Mites (Purethal Mites)

✓ Approved

HAL Allergy Group · 治疗药物

什么是 Purethal Mites？

Purethal Mites 是一种治疗药物，由HAL Allergy Group研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Injectable (Others)、Subcutaneous Injection。

药物档案

商品名Purethal Mites
公司HAL Allergy Group
给药途径Injectable (Others), Subcutaneous Injection
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, HAL Allergy Group

治疗适应症

Purethal Mites 针对 3 个适应症，涉及 3 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersRhinitis allergic✓ Approved
Immune system disordersAllergy to animal✓ Approved
Eye disordersConjunctivitis allergic✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedFrontiers in insect science2026-09-10

Tropilaelaps mercedesae: an emerging global threat to apiculture - a comprehensive review.

Esmaeily Mojtaba M, Kwon Sunho S, Babaeian Esmaeil E, Jung Chuleui C

Honey bees (Apis spp.) are key pollinators in agricultural and natural ecosystems; however, their populations are declining due to multiple interacting stressors and their synergistic effects, including parasitic mites. While Varroa destructor is widely recognized as the primary global driver of colony losses, mites of the genus Tropilaelaps, particularly Tropilaelaps mercedesae, are emerging as a serious and still underestimated threat. Native to Asia and naturally associated with wild hosts such as Apis dorsata, T. mercedesae has successfully transitioned to managed Apis mellifera colonies and is now widespread across much of Asia. Recent reports from Central Asia and the Caucasus and western Eurasian regions (including Georgia and Russia) indicate that this species is undergoing an ongoing westward expansion toward Europe. Its biological traits-including an extremely short reproductive cycle, obligate dependence on sealed brood, high dispersal capacity, and the potential to transmit viruses such as deformed wing virus (DWV)-facilitate rapid population growth and severe colony-level damage, particularly in A. mellifera, which lacks effective behavioral defenses against this mite. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the taxonomy, morphology, life cycle, host-parasite interactions, geographic distribution, and spread of Tropilaelaps mites, with emphasis on T. mercedesae. It also evaluates available diagnostic approaches, including brood-based methods, adult bee-based methods, and natural mite-fall techniques. Furthermore, evidence on chemical and biotechnical control strategies is summarized, and their strengths, limitations, and integration within an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) framework are discussed. Overall, current findings highlight the urgent need to strengthen surveillance, standardize diagnostic protocols, and develop sustainable control strategies to prevent the global spread of Tropilaelaps mites.

PMID 42719669
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PubMedPest management science2026-09-10

Chitosan-dsRNA improves tissue stability and delivery for RNAi-mediated Varroa destructor control.

Kim Sanghyeon S, Mahalle Rashmi Manohar RM, Jeong Hoe Nan HN, Seong Keon Mook KM

Varroa destructor is an ectoparasitic mite and a major threat to honey-bee colony health worldwide. RNA interference (RNAi) offers a potentially species-specific approach for mite control, but practical application is limited by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) degradation and inefficient delivery to mites. This study evaluated coatomer protein I (COPI) complex subunits as RNAi targets and tested whether chitosan-based dsRNA formulation could improve dsRNA stability, tissue uptake, and delivery from honey-bees to mites. Direct microinjection of dsRNAs targeting COPB, COPD, and COPE significantly reduced target-gene expression and mite survival compared with the double-stranded green fluorescent protein (dsGFP) control, with 72-h survival rates of 8.0%, 12.7%, and 5.3%, respectively, compared with 40.7% in the control group (all log-rank P < 0.0001). Chitosan-conjugated dsRNA remained detectable for longer periods than naked dsRNA in honey-bee tissue fluids, and CNP-Cy3-dsGFP was detected in the honey-bee midgut and fat body. A qualitative fluorescence observation in V. destructor was consistent with host-to-mite dsRNA transfer. Ingestion of COP-targeted chitosan-dsRNAs reduced mite survival, whereas honey-bee survival and expression of honey-bee COP orthologs were not affected. In silico analysis detected no contiguous ≥19-nt matches between Varroa COP dsRNAs and the honey-bee transcriptome or genome. COPI subunits are promising RNAi targets in V. destructor, and chitosan formulation may improve dsRNA persistence and uptake while supporting honey-bee-mediated delivery to mites. These laboratory findings support further evaluation of chitosan-formulated dsRNA as a potentially species-selective strategy for Varroa management, while broader safety assessment and field validation remain necessary. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

PMID 42717425
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PubMedCureus2026-09-09

Maternal and Fetal Outcomes Associated With Scrub Typhus in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review.

Gawande Vaishnavi V, Sharma Sakshi S, Shah Tithi T, Sharma Divyansh D

Scrub typhus, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi and transmitted by larval trombiculid mites, is endemic across much of the Asia-Pacific region. It is frequently missed or misdiagnosed in pregnant individuals, where its consequences may be severe. Despite the severe maternal and fetal risks associated with scrub typhus, a comprehensive synthesis of the infection's total burden during pregnancy remains a critical gap in the literature. We searched five bibliographic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE Ultimate, ClinicalKey, and Ovid Embase), four trial registries (World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, ClinicalTrials.gov, the EU Clinical Trials Register, and the ISRCTN Registry), and two additional sources (Google Scholar, searched as a source of grey literature, and the One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)) platform for English-language studies published between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2025, that reported prevalence or maternal or fetal outcomes among pregnant women with laboratory-confirmed scrub typhus. Two reviewers independently screened records, extracted data, and appraised quality using the design-appropriate Joanna Briggs Institute checklists. Eligible studies were few, small, and clinically heterogeneous; the findings were synthesized narratively in accordance with the Synthesis Without Meta-analysis guidance and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020. In total, 23 studies were eligible, reporting on 434 pregnant women with confirmed scrub typhus. A total of 18 studies were from India. Overall, 12 maternal deaths were recorded across seven studies; the largest cohort (n = 260, China) reported none. Intensive care admission ranged from 3.1% to 69.7%, and multiorgan dysfunction, hepatic and renal injury, and respiratory failure were the major maternal complications. Total fetal loss ranged from 0% to 42.4% and preterm birth from 0% to 44.4%. Earlier gestational age at infection and longer delay before treatment both predicted worse outcomes. Azithromycin was the mainstay of treatment and, in the largest cohort, was associated with improved fetal survival. All available evidence was from facility-based studies, suggesting that outcomes are driven primarily by early clinical recognition and timely initiation of appropriate treatment, and that the true community-level burden remains unknown. In endemic settings, empirical azithromycin may be considered when scrub typhus is clinically suspected, and laboratory confirmation is likely to be delayed, although this observation is based on limited, single-center data and warrants confirmation in prospective studies.

PMID 42713152
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PubMedTurkiye parazitolojii dergisi2026-09-08

Investigation of the Detection Frequency of Demodex spp. in Marmara University Faculty of Medicine Students According to Mask Use and Personal Hygiene Habits During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Akıllı Fatih Mehmet FM, Özmen Çapın Büşra Betül BB, Avşar İhsan Salih İS, Ceylan Taha T et al.

Despite the existence of studies evaluating the effect of personal hygiene habits on Demodex mites, which are permanent ectoparasites of humans, there is a paucity of research examining the effect of mask use on the prevalence of Demodex mites during the period of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The present study set out to investigate the impact of mask use during the pandemic and personal hygiene habits on the prevalence of Demodex spp. Standardized skin surface biopsy were obtained from Marmara University Faculty of Medicine students' foreheads and cheeks during the pandemic. Two areas were sampled: foreheads and cheeks. A quantity of immersion oil (ranging from one to two drops) was deposited on the sampled slide area. The slide was covered with a coverslip, then a microscope was invetigated (x4, x10 and x40). Infestation was indicated by the presence of five or more Demodex per cm2. Volunteers were asked to complete a questionnaire about their personal hygiene habits. SPSS v.16.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) software was used to analyse the results. A total of 104 volunteers, comprising 43 women and 61 men, participated in the study. Demodex spp. was detected in 49.0% (n=51) of the participants, 51.2% (n=22) of women and 47.5% (n=29) of men. Demodex spp. were identified in 46.2% (n=48) of the samples obtained from the cheek and 13.5% (n=14) of the samples obtained from the forehead. It was determined that all participants with mites were using masks. The detection frequency exhibited an upward trend in proportion to the duration of mask change. Demodex spp. was identified in 52.8% of subjects with a documented history of acne, and a significant correlation was observed between the frequency of facial cleansing and the presence of Demodex spp. (p=0.036). The research indicates that the increase in Demodex spp. in the cheeks of individuals using medical masks during the pandemic is attributable.

PMID 42707910
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PubMedExperimental & applied acarology2026-09-08

Population dynamics, overwintering strategy, and cultivar-associated differences of Tuckerella japonica on tea in Türkiye.

Özen Yazici Burcu B, Akyazi Rana R

Tea, Camellia sinensis (Theaceae), is one of the most economically important industrial crops globally. The mite Tuckerella japonica (Trombidiformes: Tuckerellidae) has been reported as a pest on tea, yet information on its seasonal population dynamics and overwintering strategy in tea-growing regions remains limited. Moreover, comparative data on the population among different tea cultivars/clones are lacking. This study aimed to determine the population fluctuations, overwintering stage, and potential differences in susceptibility among tea cultivars. The study was conducted in Rize province, located in the Black Sea Region of Türkiye, during 2022 and 2023 under open-field conditions. Fieldwork was conducted in three tea gardens containing the cultivars Samidori and Saekari and the Muradiye-10 clone. During the vegetation period, sampling was performed at 20-day intervals from March to November. At each sampling date, 45 stems (15 cm long) were collected from lateral shoots, comprising 15 stems from each of the lower, middle, and upper canopy levels. Additionally, 60 leaves (20 per canopy level) were sampled, and when available, 25 flowers and 25 fruits were collected. During the winter period (December-February), monthly sampling was carried out using the same scheme. All samples were examined under a stereomicroscope, and the number of mites on stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits was recorded separately. Mites were mounted in Hoyer's medium, dried at 50 °C, and identified to species level using a phase-contrast microscope. Tuckerella japonica populations generally reached their peak densities on stems in July and October, while the highest densities on fruits were recorded in November. Population density decreased significantly during the winter months. In this period, only adult individuals were detected on stems, with no eggs or immature stages observed, indicating that T. japonica may overwinter as adults. Mite densities also varied among cultivars, with the Muradiye-10 clone showing lower infestation levels than the Saekari and Samidori cultivars. These findings enhance understanding of the seasonal biology of T. japonica in tea ecosystems and may aid in developing cultivar-based management strategies within integrated pest management programs.

PMID 42709249
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PubMedThe Science of the total environment2026-09-08

A Bacillus amyloliquefaciens serine protease reduces ELISA-detectable epitopes of major indoor allergens: Computational modeling of the Fel d 1 binding interface.

Zhou Shuxin S, Zhang Yunshan Y, Jiang Hailou H, Chu Weihua W

Indoor allergens from pets and dust mites are persistent biological pollutants that pose significant risks to human health, yet effective and environmentally sustainable control strategies remain limited. Here, we isolated Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Ba2501, which secretes a subtilisin-family serine protease. Whole-cell co-culture assays demonstrated that Ba2501 reduces ELISA-detectable epitopes of three major indoor allergens-Fel d 1 (cat), Can f 1 (dog), and Der p 1 (dust mite). ELISA signals of Der p 1 and Fel d 1 became nearly undetectable within 48-72 h (99.86% and 100% reduction, respectively), while Can f 1 showed a more gradual decrease (67.83% at 72 h). To gain structural insights, we focused on Fel d 1 as a model and performed molecular docking, 200 ns molecular dynamics simulations, and MMPBSA analysis. The subtilisin-Fel d 1 complex exhibited a large buried interface (2392 Å2) stabilized by a salt bridge, short hydrogen bonds, and hydrophobic contacts. Residue-wise energy decomposition identified key interfacial residues driving the interaction. These findings provide a structural basis for protease-mediated allergen recognition and identify B. amyloliquefaciens Ba2501 as a promising candidate for developing environmentally sustainable, enzyme-based strategies to mitigate indoor allergen exposure and improve indoor air quality.

PMID 42710177
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