北京若生智能科技有限公司
Drug Database
LO

loxapine (Adasuve / loxapine, Staccato / AZ004)

✓ Approved

Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. · DRD2 · 小分子

什么是 loxapine？

loxapine 是一种小分子，由Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Inhaled。

药物档案

商品名Adasuve, loxapine, Staccato, AZ004
公司Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
药物类别小分子
分子靶点DRD2
给药途径Inhaled
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.

作用机制

分子靶点

loxapine 作用于 1 个分子靶点：

DRD2dopamine receptor D2 (D2DR, D2R)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

loxapine 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Psychiatric disordersAgitation✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedmedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences2026-10-25

Cell-Cell Communication Patterns in Alzheimer's Disease Differ by Cortical Layer.

Dai Qile Q, Murphy Molly M, Lyu Jingjing J, Tang Shizhen S et al.

Existing cell-cell communication (CCC) studies of Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD) using cortical snRNAseq data do not account for the distinct cell-type and gene-expression profiles within cortical layers. Cortical-layer-aware CCC analysis may clarify biological mechanisms associated with ADD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We applied our recent analytical tool STACCato to identify CCC events associated with ADD and MCI within cortical layers, using a large-scale prefrontal cortex snRNAseq dataset (∼1.4M nuclei, n=395) with cortical layers annotated from reference spatial transcriptomics data. We identified ADD/MCI-related CCC events with distinct patterns within cortical layers, including ADD-related interactions involving the known AD risk genes APOE and APP that were detected only in microglia in layer 5, and those with opposite effects of ADD and MCI in layers 5 and 6. Our findings on cortical-layer-aware ADD/MCI-related CCC events underscore the importance of spatially-aware genomics studies of AD.

PMID 42926616
阅读全文 →
PubMedJournal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques2026-10-02

Effects of music elements on mycophenolate glucuronidation in rat liver microsomes.

Adhiya Jinal J, Shalaby Ali H AH, Al-Dajani Ala'A R AR, El-Mahrouk Sara R SR et al.

Mycophenolic acid (MPA), a first-line immunosuppressant for preventing transplant organ rejection, exhibits substantial inter- and intra-individual pharmacokinetic variability. We hypothesized that music elements (tempo, rhythm, and harmony) can affect the formation of MPA glucuronide (the major, inactive metabolite, MPAG) and MPA acyl glucuronide (the minor, toxic metabolite, AcMPAG) in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. SD rats (8-10 weeks; 200-300 g; N = 8 per group [equal sex]) were exposed for 24 h in a sound-monitored room with music combinations (fast or slow tempo with regular or irregular rhythm) versus controls. Liver microsomes were analysed for MPAG and AcMPAG formation under initial velocity conditions. As FT IR (fast tempo with irregular rhythm) significantly reduced AcMPAG formation, we further tested harmony (tonal vs. atonal [AH]) within FT IR using three independent composers and two published pieces. MPA glucuronides were quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Enzyme kinetics in FT IR AH versus controls were determined across MPA concentrations (0-320 μg/mL). mRNA and protein expression of the AcMPAG-forming enzyme (UDP-glucuronosyltransferase UGT2B1) and other expressed UGTs were analysed. MPAG formation was unaffected by any music combination, whereas niflumic acid (100 μM, positive control) reduced it by ∼67%. AcMPAG formation was significantly reduced by FT IR (42.5 ± 14.4%; mean ± SEM; p < 0.05) and further reduced with added AH (74.4 ± 10.8%; p < 0.005). For MPAG, V max and CL int were comparable to controls, with a modestly higher K m . For AcMPAG, V max and CL int decreased by 89.7 ± 46.4% and 91.5 ± 29.7%, respectively (p < 0.05, n = 7 [3 males, 4 females]), with no change in K m . No sex differences in kinetic parameters were observed for either analyte. Inter-composer differences in MPA glucuronidation could be explained by the legato (continuous)-to-staccato (intermittent) articulation ratio. Hepatic Ugt2b1 mRNA and protein expression were unchanged after FT IR AH exposure, as were hepatic Ugt1a1, Ugt1a5, Ugt1a6, Ugt1a7, and Ugt2b12 mRNA. Our novel findings indicate that specific music elements (FT IR AH) reduced generation of the minor, toxic AcMPAG without affecting formation of the major, inactive MPAG. This is potentially therapeutically beneficial, as the adverse effects of MPA might be selectively attenuated without altering its clearance or therapeutic outcomes.

PMID 42824203
阅读全文 →
PubMedPerception2026-09-29

A cross-cultural empirical investigation of aesthetic responses to an Iranian dance style.

Khorsandi Shahrzad S, Vartanian Meghedi M, Wald-Fuhrmann Melanie M, Frieler Klaus K et al.

The empirical aesthetics of dance is a relatively recent field of investigation, and most research has been focused on the aesthetic experience of observers when perceiving different Western dance styles. It is well-known from other domains that prior exposure and familiarity modulate value formation and aesthetic judgment. Dance cultures vary considerably with regard to emotional expressivity and types of movements used. Therefore, we hypothesised that culturally-dependent emotional expressivities and the choice of movements within a choreography would modulate observers' aesthetic experience. Across three experiments, with a total of 242 Iranian and English participants, we investigated cross-cultural aesthetic judgment to dance movements of an Iranian dance style. We asked how culture group, intended emotional expressivity, type of movement, motion energy and luminance interacted in aesthetic judgments of expressivity, beauty and liking. Taking advantage of a newly developed Iranian dance movement library, we found a general effect of culture and of emotion. Iranians generally rated the stimuli higher than English participants did, and joyful movements were preferred overall. Iranians found lower body and staccato movements more beautiful than English participants did - likely due to the subtle role of lower body movements, unfamiliar to English observers, in Iranian dance. While motion energy (but not luminance) had some influence on aesthetic judgment, intended emotion and movement type were stronger modulators of expressivity, beauty and liking judgments. This Iranian dance style is a largely unknown dance genre in many parts of the world and holds great promise as a subject for empirical aesthetics.

PMID 42808977
阅读全文 →
PubMedNeurourology and urodynamics2026-09-07

Pelvic Floor Dysfunctions in Children With Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction and Relationship With Urine Flow.

Dayanç Murat M, Ozturk Asli A, Kopru Burak B, Asik Rabia R et al.

Pelvic floor muscle (PFM) dynamics play a significant role alongside bladder and rectal dynamics in the pathophysiology of lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) in children. This study aimed to determine PFM activities (PFMA), including resting tone and contractile functions, of LUTD subtypes in children according to their voiding patterns. 160 children presenting to our clinic with symptoms of lower pelvic floor voiding (LUTD) were evaluated using noninvasive diagnostic methods, and LUTD subtypes were determined. Based on voiding patterns, 31 had intermittent, 59 had staccato, 28 had tower, 31 had bell and 11 had plateau voiding pattern. 18 healthy children served as a control group and also exhibited bell curve voiding. PFMA was measured using superficial electrodes after voiding. Children performed five cycles of 5-s relaxation followed by 5-s voluntary PFM contraction, resulting in a total recording period of 50 s. Mean relaxation and contraction EMG values were recorded for analysis. According to PFMA measurements, pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) subtypes defined and frequencies determined. According to the LUTD subtype, the frequency of pelvic floor overactivity (PFO) ranged from 59% to 86%, and the overall frequency of contractile dysfunctions (Nonfunctional or weak functional pelvic floor) ranged from 64% to 78%. As the voiding pattern improved, the resting tone decreased and normalized, thus the frequency of PFO reduced from 84% to 45% (p = 0.0001). The measurement of PFMA enables the identification of PFD subtypes in children with LUTD. The pathophysiology of LUTD can be better understood noninvasively.

PMID 42703842
阅读全文 →
PubMed[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health2026-09-06

[Comparison of pertussis incidence trends before and after the COVID-19 pandemic: Investigation of factors behind the surge in pertussis cases in Kanagawa Prefecture (Week 1, 2018 - Week 33, 2025)].

Kimura Mutsumi M, Kaneto Chie C, Ito Mai M, Shinohara Ryosuke R et al.

Objective　To investigate the causes of the sharp increase in pertussis cases, by comparing the trends in pertussis incidence in Kanagawa Prefecture before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods　Epidemiological data of pertussis cases reported in Kanagawa Prefecture from epidemiological week 1 of 2018 to week 33 of 2025 were examined based on infectious disease surveillance. Since changes in pertussis trends may have been influenced by behavioral changes that were implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic, such as droplet infection prevention and social distancing, the study period was divided into two sections: before and after the pandemic. The number of cases was compared across variables, including age group, vaccination history, symptoms, and diagnostic methods.Results　A pertussis outbreak was observed between 2018 and 2020, and a large-scale outbreak starting in 2024 continued to persist as of week 33 of 2025. Comparing the periods before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, the age group with the highest number of case reports shifted from children aged 5-10 years to those aged 10-15 years. Moreover, the number of reported cases has decreased in infants under 6 months of age, who are at the highest risk of severe complications from pertussis. Regarding vaccination history, in both time frames, the proportion of cases with "four doses received" was the highest; after the COVID-19 pandemic, an increase in the number of cases for those with four doses of DPT or DPT-IPV vaccines was observed in the 7-15 age group. Regarding symptoms, the percentage of patients with nocturnal cough, dyspnea, staccato, whoop, vomiting, apnea, cyanosis, and leukocytosis decreased. In terms of diagnostic methods, the frequency of genetic testing and rapid diagnostic tests increased compared to serological techniques.Conclusion　Factors contributing to the sharp increase in pertussis cases included the accumulation of susceptible individuals due to droplet and contact infection control measures and behavioral restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic, waning immunity due to the time elapsed following pertussis vaccination, a possible increase in the number of reported cases due to an expanded set of diagnostic methods, and an increase in macrolide-resistant Bordetella pertussis strains. Advancing the starting age of routine vaccinations to 2 months contributed to the prevention of infant pertussis. However, additional DPT vaccinations at the ages of 5-7 and 11-12 years, as recommended by the Japanese Pediatric Society, are considered necessary.

PMID 42702539
阅读全文 →
PubMedJournal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation2026-09-03

Comparison of Vertical Laryngeal Positions Between Classical Turkish Music and Classical Western European Opera Singers.

Kasapbaşı Fidan Kurt FK, Sağer Turan T, Yelken Kürşat K

This study aims to investigate the Vertical Laryngeal Position (VLP) used by professional Classical Turkish Music (CTM) and Classical Western European Opera (CWEO) singers during singing using endoscopic imaging techniques, and to determine whether there is a significant difference in VLP between these two vocal disciplines. The study included a total of 13 professional singers (7 from CTM, 6 from CWEO) with at least 10 years of experience. Participants were asked to perform various vocal exercises (staccato/legato in low, medium, and high ranges) as well as a repertoire piece reflecting the stylistic characteristics of their genre during video-laryngostroboscopy (VLS). The obtained video recordings were viewed in a blinded manner by three Otorhinolaryngology (ENT) professors specializing in laryngology, who independently scored VLP levels on a scale of 1 to 5. Data were analyzed comparatively using statistical methods. Comparative analysis revealed statistically significant differences in VLP between the two groups. It was determined that the laryngeal positions of the CTM group were significantly higher compared to the CWEO (Opera) group during repertoire performance ($P = 0.048$), low-range staccato exercises ($P = 0.039$), and low-range legato exercises ($P = 0.028$) ($P < 0.05$). No significant difference was observed between the groups in medium and high-frequency exercises ($P > 0.05$). This study presents objective data on the VLP characteristics of CTM performers. The findings indicate that CTM singers use a significantly higher laryngeal position compared to CWEO singers, particularly during repertoire performance and in low tones. However, it is noteworthy that this difference disappears at high frequencies. While this divergence in low tones can be explained by genre-specific timbral preferences, the similarity in high tones is thought to stem from the combined effect of the obligatory nature of laryngeal physiology and the Western-based voice training curriculum implemented in conservatories in Türkiye. These data emphasize the importance of genre-specific approaches in voice pedagogy and therapy processes.

PMID 42686454
阅读全文 →

注册免费账户还可查看另外 733 篇文献

免费注册查看全部文献 →

了解更多loxapine