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azithromycin (Azimac)

✓ Approved

Beijing Holley-Cotec Pharma · 小分子 · 小分子

什么是 azithromycin？

azithromycin 是一种小分子，由Beijing Holley-Cotec Pharma研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Oral (PO)。

药物档案

商品名Azimac
公司Beijing Holley-Cotec Pharma
药物类别小分子
给药途径Oral (PO)
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Beijing Holley-Cotec Pharma

治疗适应症

azithromycin 针对 8 个适应症，涉及 3 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Infections and infestationsLower respiratory tract infection✓ Approved
Infections and infestationsOtitis media✓ Approved
Infections and infestationsSinusitis✓ Approved
Infections and infestationsTonsillitis✓ Approved
Infections and infestationsUrinary tract infection✓ Approved

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相关研究文献

PubMedCureus2026-09-10

Bacterial Profile and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Urogenital Isolates Among Women With Preterm Labor at a Tertiary Hospital in Southwestern Uganda.

Birungi Wilson W, Turanzomwe Stuart S, Byamukama Onesmus O, Bawakanya Stephen S et al.

Pathogenic bacterial colonization of the urogenital tract during pregnancy may lead to infection and inflammation, contributing to adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes such as preterm labor, preterm premature rupture of membranes, chorioamnionitis, neonatal sepsis, and perinatal mortality. Early identification of bacterial isolates and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns is essential for guiding appropriate antimicrobial therapy, reducing maternal and neonatal morbidity, and informing local treatment guidelines. This study aimed to determine the bacterial isolates colonizing the urogenital tract and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns among women presenting with preterm labor at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital. This cross-sectional study consecutively enrolled 156 women with preterm labor between November 2022 and April 2023. Midstream urine samples, endocervical swabs, and high vaginal swabs were collected for bacterial culture, identification, and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Data were analyzed descriptively, and bacterial isolates and antibiotic susceptibility patterns were summarized as frequencies and percentages. Bacteria were isolated from urine samples in 43/156 (27.6%) participants and from genital tract specimens in 75/156 (48.1%). The predominant urinary isolates were Klebsiella spp. (20/43, 46.5%) and Staphylococcus aureus (16/43, 37.2%), while Escherichia coli accounted for 4/43 (9.3%) of urinary isolates. In the genital tract, S. aureus was the most frequently isolated organism (43/75, 57.3%), whereas Proteus spp. (1/75, 1.3%) and Pseudomonas spp. (1/75, 1.3%) were the least common. The predominant urinary and genital tract isolates demonstrated high resistance to ampicillin and azithromycin but were generally susceptible to ceftriaxone, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin. Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella spp. were the predominant urogenital bacterial isolates among women with preterm labor. Most bacterial isolates were susceptible to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and ceftazidime but demonstrated high resistance to ampicillin and azithromycin. These findings highlight the need for routine culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing and may inform future updates of empirical antibiotic treatment guidelines in Uganda.

PMID 42719564
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PubMedBiomedical reports2026-09-10

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing contributes to the diagnosis of Gardnerella vaginalis bacteremia associated with a rare extragenital infection and diagnostic challenges in a 13-year-old female patient: A case report.

Li Xiao X, Wang Jue J, Liu Feng-Wei FW, Yang Ting-Ting TT et al.

Gardnerella vaginalis (G. vaginalis) is a well-recognized cause of bacterial vaginosis but is rarely associated with extragenital infections, particularly in individuals without a history of sexual activity. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) enables unbiased detection of pathogens and has emerged as a valuable diagnostic approach for challenging infectious diseases. The current report outlines a case of G. vaginalis bacteremia in a 13-year-old female patient presenting with fever and acute bronchitis. Peripheral blood mNGS, combined with conventional microbiological investigations, was performed to identify the causative pathogen. Initial empirical treatment with piperacillin-tazobactam and azithromycin failed to control the recurrent fever. Traditional cultures of blood, cerebrospinal fluid and bone marrow aspirate all returned negative results, whereas peripheral blood mNGS identified G. vaginalis as the potential pathogen. Following targeted therapy with metronidazole for 3 days, the patient's body temperature returned to normal, and follow-up blood mNGS at discharge was negative for the pathogen. Due to its fastidious growth requirements, G. vaginalis is difficult to detect using conventional culture methods, which may lead to delayed diagnosis and false-negative results. The present case highlights the utility of mNGS for timely and accurate pathogen identification in diagnostically challenging infections. The current case also broadens the recognized clinical spectrum of G. vaginalis infections by demonstrating its potential to cause bloodstream infection with persistent fever in an adolescent without a reported history of sexual activity.

PMID 42719063
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PubMedPediatric research2026-09-09

Azithromycin alleviates post-inflammatory wheezing in children by inhibiting SETD1B-mediated histone H3K4me3 methylation and macrophage polarization.

Wang Li L, Peng Chang C, Wu Shuqi S, Tang Ting T et al.

Post-inflammatory wheezing (PIW) is a highly prevalent recurrent respiratory disease in children after acute pulmonary infection, characterized by persistent airway inflammatory imbalance. Azithromycin (AZM) exerts independent immunomodulatory functions beyond its antibacterial activity and can effectively improve pediatric PIW. However, it remains unclear whether AZM participates in the repair of PIW by regulating SET domain containing 1B (SETD1B)-mediated histone H3K4me3 methylation and modulating alveolar macrophage polarization. A total of 239 children with severe pneumonia were enrolled and divided into non-wheeze and PIW groups. Children with PIW received either routine symptomatic treatment or AZM intervention at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day for 5 consecutive days. Clinical prognoses, BALF cellular composition, inflammatory cytokine levels, and the expression of SETD1B and H3K4me3 were compared between groups. A lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory model of rat alveolar macrophages, treated with the SETD1B-specific inhibitor WDR5-0103, was constructed to validate the core regulatory pathway. Children with PIW exhibited abnormal BALF cellular composition, upregulated pro-inflammatory factor IL-6, downregulated anti-inflammatory factor IL-10, and significantly increased expression of SETD1B and H3K4me3. AZM treatment effectively shortened wheezing duration and hospital stay and reduced medical costs. Furthermore, no significant differences in clinical efficacy were observed between mycoplasma-positive and mycoplasma-negative children treated with AZM, confirming that the therapeutic effect of AZM is independent of its anti-mycoplasma activity. In vitro, LPS induced SETD1B/H3K4me3 hypermethylation, inflammatory cytokine disturbance, and M1-type macrophage polarization. Either AZM or WDR5-0103 alone significantly reversed these LPS-induced abnormalities, and no additional synergistic efficacy was observed in the combined intervention group. AZM ameliorates PIW in children mainly through immunomodulation rather than antibacterial effects. It inhibits SETD1B-mediated H3K4me3 hypermethylation, corrects the imbalance of alveolar M1/M2 macrophage polarization, restores IL-6/IL-10 inflammatory homeostasis, and ultimately alleviates airway inflammatory injury and wheezing symptoms in children. Azithromycin (AZM) alleviates the release of inflammatory factors by regulating the H3K4me3 modification, thereby reducing post-inflammatory wheezing; The addition of new indications to the clinical application of AZM; Currently, there is no effective treatment for post-inflammatory wheezing. Although AZM is a common antimicrobial agent, this study demonstrates that it can alleviate non-specific inflammation in alveolar macrophages. Thus, AZM represents a promising therapeutic strategy.

PMID 42711564
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PubMedJournal of infection in developing countries2026-09-09

Pleural effusion caused by Rickettsia felis infection.

Ren Hong H, Zhang Yingying Y, Zhang Xue X, Zhang Hanwen H et al.

Rickettsia felis, a Gram-negative obligate intracellular prokaryotic organism, causes human infections with atypical clinical presentations, commonly including fever, fatigue, headache, and maculopapular rash. This study presents a rare case of pleural effusion (PE) associated with R. felis infection, confirmed through targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS). The patient showed significant clinical improvement and resolution of PE following empirical moxifloxacin followed by pathogen-directed therapy with rifampicin and azithromycin, along with supportive measures for circulation and immune function. This case report aims to enhance early diagnosis and therapeutic strategies for R. felis infections by sharing the diagnostic and management experience.

PMID 42715280
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PubMedCureus2026-09-09

Maternal and Fetal Outcomes Associated With Scrub Typhus in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review.

Gawande Vaishnavi V, Sharma Sakshi S, Shah Tithi T, Sharma Divyansh D

Scrub typhus, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi and transmitted by larval trombiculid mites, is endemic across much of the Asia-Pacific region. It is frequently missed or misdiagnosed in pregnant individuals, where its consequences may be severe. Despite the severe maternal and fetal risks associated with scrub typhus, a comprehensive synthesis of the infection's total burden during pregnancy remains a critical gap in the literature. We searched five bibliographic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE Ultimate, ClinicalKey, and Ovid Embase), four trial registries (World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, ClinicalTrials.gov, the EU Clinical Trials Register, and the ISRCTN Registry), and two additional sources (Google Scholar, searched as a source of grey literature, and the One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)) platform for English-language studies published between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2025, that reported prevalence or maternal or fetal outcomes among pregnant women with laboratory-confirmed scrub typhus. Two reviewers independently screened records, extracted data, and appraised quality using the design-appropriate Joanna Briggs Institute checklists. Eligible studies were few, small, and clinically heterogeneous; the findings were synthesized narratively in accordance with the Synthesis Without Meta-analysis guidance and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020. In total, 23 studies were eligible, reporting on 434 pregnant women with confirmed scrub typhus. A total of 18 studies were from India. Overall, 12 maternal deaths were recorded across seven studies; the largest cohort (n = 260, China) reported none. Intensive care admission ranged from 3.1% to 69.7%, and multiorgan dysfunction, hepatic and renal injury, and respiratory failure were the major maternal complications. Total fetal loss ranged from 0% to 42.4% and preterm birth from 0% to 44.4%. Earlier gestational age at infection and longer delay before treatment both predicted worse outcomes. Azithromycin was the mainstay of treatment and, in the largest cohort, was associated with improved fetal survival. All available evidence was from facility-based studies, suggesting that outcomes are driven primarily by early clinical recognition and timely initiation of appropriate treatment, and that the true community-level burden remains unknown. In endemic settings, empirical azithromycin may be considered when scrub typhus is clinically suspected, and laboratory confirmation is likely to be delayed, although this observation is based on limited, single-center data and warrants confirmation in prospective studies.

PMID 42713152
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PubMedJournal of orthopaedic case reports2026-09-09

Right Knee Ureaplasma Septic Arthritis in an Immunocompromised Host, Requiring Right Hip Disarticulation for Definitive Source Control.

Yang Cassie C, Najim Yusof Y, Suraya Zainul-Abidin ZA

Ureaplasma urealyticum is a fastidious, urease-producing bacterium typically responsible for urogenital infections. In immunocompromised hosts, a full-thickness mucosal breach may be complicated by hematogenous spread, leading to septic arthritis in distant joints U. urealyticum is difficult to isolate on routine culture and requires special media or 16S rRNA polymerase chain reaction for detection. We report a 26-year-old immunocompromised female with neuromyelitis optica on long-term cyclosporine and Grave's disease, who developed chronic right knee U. urealyticum septic arthritis. She presented with the right calf pain; knee aspiration was turbid but culture-negative on routine testing. Despite 6 weeks of empirical antibiotics, symptoms persisted, and arthroscopic biopsy with 16S molecular testing eventually identified U. urealyticum. She was treated with multiple antibiotic regimens, including intravenous (IV) aztreonam, vancomycin, oral levofloxacin, and IV azithromycin, and her immunosuppression was reduced. Despite this, she developed medial tibial plateau osteomyelitis, an intra-articular abscess, and a sinus tract, requiring multiple debridements, cement spacer insertion, external fixation, and eventually two-stage revision knee replacement with flap reconstruction. Cultures remained persistently positive for U. urealyticum despite prolonged therapy and repeated surgery. One year after the index revision attempt, she underwent above-knee amputation for source control, followed by hip disarticulation 1 month later due to persistent stump infection. With aggressive wound care, including negative pressure wound therapy and staged dressing de-escalation, the wound achieved complete healing. She was discharged 180 days after hip disarticulation and, at 2-year follow-up, was ambulant with a hip prosthesis, independent in activities of daily living, and had returned to work. This case highlights the diagnostic challenge and potential severity of U. urealyticum septic arthritis in immunocompromised hosts, which may progress to refractory osteomyelitis and necessitate radical surgical measures, including amputation, for definitive source control despite prolonged targeted antibiotic therapy.

PMID 42713399
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