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sildenafil (Liqrev)

✓ Approved

CMP Pharma, Inc. · PDE5A · 小分子

什么是 sildenafil？

sildenafil 是一种小分子，由CMP Pharma, Inc.研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Oral (PO)。

药物档案

商品名Liqrev
公司CMP Pharma, Inc.
药物类别小分子
分子靶点PDE5A
给药途径Oral (PO)
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, CMP Pharma, Inc.

作用机制

分子靶点

sildenafil 作用于 1 个分子靶点：

PDE5Aphosphodiesterase 5A (PDE5, CGB-PDE)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

sildenafil 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersPulmonary hypertension✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedGeriatrics (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-26

Oral Frailty: Current Concepts, Assessment, Systemic Implications, and Future Perspectives.

Kusunoki Hiroshi H, Shinmura Ken K, Shimizu Hideo H

Oral frailty is an emerging geriatric syndrome characterized by subtle and multifactorial declines in oral function that may precede clinically apparent oral dysfunction. Increasing evidence suggests that oral frailty is closely associated with physical frailty, sarcopenia, malnutrition, and other indicators of systemic vulnerability, highlighting its potential role in the early detection of functional decline. However, practical approaches to early detection and intervention remain challenging because conventional assessments of oral function often require specialized equipment and professional expertise. This review summarizes recent advances in the assessment, clinical significance, and management of oral frailty, with particular emphasis on practical screening and its implications for early intervention. We discuss the utility and limitations of questionnaire-based screening tools, including the Oral Frailty Index-8 (OFI-8) and Oral frailty five-item checklist (OF-5), which enable simple identification of individuals at increased risk in community and clinical settings. We also introduce findings from the FESTA study indicating that cystatin C-related indices, including the creatinine-to-cystatin C ratio and the eGFRcys/eGFRcre ratio, may reflect skeletal muscle mass and are associated with oral functional decline, particularly reduced tongue pressure. Comparative and longitudinal evidence further suggests an association between oral frailty and subsequent physical frailty, while OF-5 may help identify individuals at risk of functional decline. Because oral and physical frailty may influence each other bidirectionally, management should extend beyond screening to include appropriate oral care, nutritional support, physical exercise, and medical evaluation. Integrating simple oral frailty screening with objective systemic indicators may facilitate earlier identification of vulnerable individuals and strengthen medical-dental collaboration aimed at preventing frailty progression.

PMID 42930016
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PubMedDentistry journal2026-10-26

Artificial Intelligence-Based Evaluation of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders Using Photographic and Clinical Data: A Retrospective Exploratory Diagnostic Accuracy Study.

De Falco Domenico D, Pinto Fabiana F, Lucchese Alberta A, Petruzzi Massimo M

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of GPT-5.2 Thinking in identifying oral potentially malignant disorders within a patient sample that also included oral carcinomas and other oral cavity lesions, using intraoral photographs and associated clinical data. Methods: This retrospective exploratory diagnostic accuracy study included 103 oral lesions: 69 oral potentially malignant disorders, 25 oral carcinomas, and 9 other oral pathologies. Each case was assessed in three independent sessions, and the majority diagnosis was compared with the final clinical and/or histopathological reference diagnosis. Results: For oral potentially malignant disorders, sensitivity was 92.75%, specificity was 88.24%, accuracy was 91.26%, positive predictive value was 94.12%, negative predictive value was 85.71%, and Cohen's kappa was 0.804. Sensitivity was 81.82% for homogeneous leukoplakia, 78.57% for non-homogeneous leukoplakia, and 86.36% for oral lichen planus. For oral carcinomas, sensitivity was 84.00%, specificity was 97.44%, accuracy was 94.17%, positive predictive value was 91.30%, negative predictive value was 95.00%, and Cohen's kappa was 0.837. Conclusions: GPT-5.2 Thinking showed promising diagnostic performance in this exploratory case-enriched dataset, but predictive values require validation in representative clinical populations.

PMID 42930423
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PubMedDentistry journal2026-10-26

Evaluation of Oral Health in Early Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease.

Catros Sylvain S, Samot Johan J, Chuy Virginie V, Tron Eléonore E et al.

Background/Objectives: Oral health may be affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD) through mechanisms including uremic toxin accumulation, immune dysregulation, and treatment-related factors, although these relationships remain poorly understood. This study aimed to describe oral health according to CKD stages (2-5) and to explore its association with disease progression, as well as one-year changes in oral, renal, and inflammatory parameters and oral health-related quality of life. Methods: The NephroDent study is a prospective cohort study including patients with non-dialysis CKD stages 2 to 5. Oral, clinical, and biological parameters and quality of life were assessed at baseline and after one year. Baseline characteristics were compared across CKD stages, and changes were analyzed according to self-reported dental care. Results: Eighty-seven patients were included. Oral health impairment was observed across all CKD stages, including stages 2 and 3, with substantial periodontal treatment needs and periodontal pockets ≥ 6 mm. Dental and periodontal parameters varied across stages, with some indicators showing numerically poorer values in stages 4-5, but no significant differences were observed between CKD stages. Over one year, changes in oral health indices, renal function (eGFR), inflammatory markers, and quality of life did not differ significantly according to dental care. Conclusions: Oral health impairment was observed across all CKD stages, including early disease, despite preserved quality of life. No significant short-term association was found between dental care and changes in oral or systemic parameters. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of oral health in CKD progression.

PMID 42930412
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PubMedDentistry journal2026-10-26

The Adverse Effects of Electronic Cigarettes on Oral Health: Where Do We Stand?

Rouabhia Mahmoud M

Background/Objectives. Electronic cigarettes allow smokers to consume nicotine, a highly addictive substance, without burning tobacco. Since their commercialization in early 2004, electronic cigarettes have become popular in the Asian market and then worldwide. Initially conceived as an alternative to combustible smoking, they have gradually established themselves as a mass consumption product, raising both hopes for the reduction of the risks caused by burned cigarettes and concerns about their use among non-smokers, especially young people. Currently, because of their availability, accessibility to non-smokers, including young people, and their manageability, electronic cigarettes are causing more concern than hope among health professionals. This narrative review aimed to synthesize current evidence on the different chemical components generated by electronic cigarette devices and their effects on oral health. We specifically sought to (i) compile and discuss the available evidence regarding the effects of each chemical component in the e-cigarette aerosols on oral health outcomes, and (ii) feature the risks associated with e-cigarette use and how to ovoid/prevent them. Methods: We reviewed relevant English-language literature on electronic cigarette design, use, chemical generation, and adverse effects on oral health through targeted searches of PubMed, Elsevier, Oxford Academic, BioMed Central, MDPI, Scopus, and Google Scholar from 2008 to 2026. Evidence was narratively synthesized to shed light on different oral health concerns reported following electronic cigarette use. Results: This narrative review highlights several adverse effects of electronic cigarettes on oral health, including functional deregulation of the soft (tongue, gums, salivary glands) tissues, hard tissues (teeth, dental restorative materials), and the oral microbiota. These effects were attributed to the different chemicals generated when electronic cigarettes heat-vape e-liquids. These chemicals damage oral tissues/cells, leading to apoptosis, oxidative stress, and DNA damage that may lead to oral cancer. These effects may reduce oral cell growth and increase tissue inflammation, which may delay wound healing. The reviewed studies identified several limitations, including the need for additional investigations involving electronic cigarette use and long-term follow-up. Conclusions: The available in vitro and in vivo studies clearly show the potential harm of vaping on oral health. This review offers a good overview to electronic cigarette users, oral health professionals, and scientists about the potential oral harm effects of electronic cigarettes. The available studies suggest the need for oral health professionals' support in providing information and awareness about the harmful effects of electronic cigarettes. Thus, the health system and professional orders should develop information and awareness tools to help oral health professionals in their interventions with e-cigarette users.

PMID 42930418
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PubMedGeriatrics (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-26

Oral Health Care Behaviors and Periodontal Disease Among Older Adults with Diabetes Mellitus in Northern Thailand.

Kachiangrai Samart S, Ong-Artborirak Parichat P, Seangpraw Katekaew K

Introduction: Periodontal disease is a major oral health problem among older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, evidence regarding its association with oral health care behaviors in Northern Thailand is limited. This study aimed to assess oral health care behaviors and periodontitis and examine their associated factors among older adults with T2DM. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 369 older adults with T2DM in Mueang Phayao District, Northern Thailand. Seven subdistricts were selected using simple random sampling, after which eligible participants were recruited through convenience and snowball sampling. Data was collected using structured questionnaires and standardized oral examinations performed by dentists. Results: The mean oral health care behavior score was 29.51 out of 45, and periodontitis was present in 37.4% of the participants. Multivariable linear regression showed that oral health care behavior scores were significantly associated with oral health care knowledge scores (B = 1.052, p < 0.001), diabetes knowledge scores (B = 1.068, p < 0.001), FBS ≥ 126 mg/dL (B = -0.599, p = 0.027), and HbA1c ≥ 6.5% (B = -0.689, p = 0.016). Multivariable logistic regression showed higher odds of periodontitis among participants aged ≥70 years (AOR = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.45-3.89), with a diabetes duration of ≥11 years (AOR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.21-3.82), who smoked (AOR = 12.62, 95% CI: 4.22-37.75), and with HbA1c ≥ 6.5% (AOR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.11-3.41), while higher oral health care behavior scores were associated with lower odds (AOR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.81-0.95). Conclusions: Advanced age, longer diabetes duration, smoking, and poor glycemic control were significantly associated with higher odds of periodontitis, whereas better oral health care behaviors were associated with lower odds. These findings support the integration of periodontal screening into diabetes care and the expansion of community-based oral health promotion for older adults with T2DM in primary care settings.

PMID 42930026
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PubMedGels (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-26

Salt-Tolerant Non-Crosslinked Polymer Networks for High-Temperature Weighted Fracturing Fluids in Deep Hydrocarbon Reservoirs.

Liu Jv J, Qiao Xin X, Peng Jianxin J, Yan Lili L et al.

High-density potassium formate fracturing fluids require polymers that hydrate in concentrated brine while providing low friction and proppant suspension at high temperature. We hypothesized that the 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) content balances salt-tolerant hydration against molar-mass-dependent chain entanglement, enabling a reversible non-crosslinked network. Five hydrophobically associating copolymers based on acrylamide (AM) and AMPS, with AMPS feed contents of 5.5-23.8 wt%, were synthesized by low-temperature micellar copolymerization followed by post-hydrolysis. Polymer structure, molar mass, and solution conformation were determined by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and size-exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle light scattering. Hydration and thickening were evaluated in 1.40 g/cm3 potassium formate brine, followed by rheological testing at 160 °C, pipe-flow drag-reduction testing, and static proppant-suspension testing. Increasing the AMPS feed content decreased the weight-average molar mass from 25.83 × 106 to 9.26 × 106 g/mol, increased the chain-conformation exponent from 0.570 to 0.610, and shortened the time required to reach 90% hydration (t90) from approximately 118 to 48 min. SN-4, containing 17.9 wt% AMPS, provided the best overall balance. A 0.60 wt% SN-4 fluid retained approximately 63 mPa·s after shearing at 160 °C and 170 s-1 and recovered 92.1% of its viscosity after 300 s. Fresh and thermally sheared-recovered fluids maintained drag-reduction rates above 60%, and the recovered fluid reduced proppant settling velocity by 97.4%. These results support the proposed balance and demonstrate the potential of this reversible network for high-temperature weighted fracturing fluids in deep hydrocarbon reservoirs.

PMID 42929939
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