若生智能
Drug Database
ES

estradiol +levonorgestrel (Fem7 Plus / HRT, Merck)

✓ Approved

Merck KGaA · ESR1 · 小分子

什么是 estradiol +levonorgestrel？

estradiol +levonorgestrel 是一种小分子，由Merck KGaA研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Topical、Transdermal。

药物档案

商品名Fem7 Plus, HRT, Merck
公司Merck KGaA
药物类别小分子
分子靶点ESR1, PGR
给药途径Topical, Transdermal
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Merck KGaA

作用机制

分子靶点

estradiol +levonorgestrel 作用于 2 个分子靶点：

ESR1estrogen receptor 1 (ER, ESR)
PGRprogesterone receptor (NR3C3, PR)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

estradiol +levonorgestrel 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Surgical and medical proceduresHormone replacement therapy✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedJournal of personalized medicine2026-07-27

Hormones, Sexual Function, and Dysfunctional Sexual Beliefs in Postmenopausal Women: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Peixoto Clayton C, Navarro Melanie M, Carrilho Carolina Gomes CG, Grande Antonio José AJ et al.

Background: Sexual function in postmenopausal women is influenced by both hormonal and psychological factors. This study investigates the associations between sex hormones, sexual function, and sexual beliefs in this population. Objective: This research seeks to assess the relationship between sex hormones, sexual function, and dysfunctional sexual beliefs in postmenopausal women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 42 postmenopausal women aged 45-65 years. Instruments included the FSFI and SDBQ. Hormones assessed were testosterone, estradiol, progesterone, prolactin, DHEA, SHBG, and LH. Blood samples were collected in the morning and analyzed using chemiluminescence or radioimmunoassay. Pearson correlation tests were used, with Bonferroni adjustment applied to control for multiple comparisons. Results: Free testosterone was positively correlated with sexual desire and negatively associated with dysfunctional beliefs regarding sexual desire. Estradiol also showed a positive correlation with desire, while prolactin was negatively associated. No other FSFI domains showed significant hormonal associations. Conclusions: Findings suggest that testosterone may influence both sexual desire and the internalization of dysfunctional sexual beliefs in postmenopausal women, highlighting the interplay between biological and psychological dimensions of sexuality, which may be relevant for a more comprehensive clinical assessment of sexual function in this population.

PMID 42506118
阅读全文 →
PubMedSports (Basel, Switzerland)2026-07-27

Use of Continuous Glucose Monitors in Exercise Research Studies-A Scoping Review on Study Characteristics and Common Practices.

Schwensfeier Leon L, Brinkmann Christian C

This review examined study characteristics and common practices in continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-based exercise studies. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search in the PubMed database was conducted. Data were extracted from 93 publications. A minority of studies (12.9%) focused on CGM system validation. Acute exercise studies were more common (87.1%) than chronic exercise studies (12.9%). Randomized crossover designs predominated (71.0%). Participant populations varied and included 46.2% non-diabetic individuals (7.5% athletes), 36.6% individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus, and 17.2% individuals with type 2. The upper arm was the most common sensor placement site (41.9%), although nearly one-third of studies did not report placement details. Devices were primarily from Abbott (40.9%), Medtronic (36.6%), and Dexcom (26.9%). Sample sizes were typically small, with 40.9% of studies including 10-14 participants. Reporting practices frequently deviated from the International Consensus Statement on CGM Metrics for Clinical Trials. Many studies used modified or non-standard metrics, whereas "mean sensor glucose" was reported in compliance with consensus recommendations in 58.1% of studies. Regarding data completeness, "data gaps" was the most frequently reported consensus-compliant metric (43.0%). In validation studies, accuracy metrics predominated, with "absolute relative difference" representing the most common outcome (87.5%). Overall, substantial heterogeneity limits comparability across studies, highlighting the need for standardized CGM reporting.

PMID 42506817
阅读全文 →
PubMedJournal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology2026-07-27

When Barriers Are Removed: Increased Use of Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives Among Adolescents in Primary Health Care Unit.

Souza Roseli B RB, Juliato Cássia R T CRT, Bahamondes Luis L

To evaluate the uptake of long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) methods among adolescents attending Primary Health Care (PHC) unit when methods were offered at no cost and accompanied by comprehensive counseling. We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study including adolescents aged 12-19 years who sought LARC initiation at a public Primary Health Care unit in Campinas, Brazil, between October 2024 and December 2025. Participants received standardized counseling and freely choose among the etonogestrel (ENG) implant, the 52-mg levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (52 mg LNG-IUD), and the copper (Cu) IUD. Sociodemographic and reproductive history data were collected. Factors associated with method choice were analyzed using Poisson regression with robust variance. A total of 207 adolescents were included (median age 17 years). Most participants (82.1%) selected the ENG implant, while 16.9% chose the 52 mg LNG-IUD and 1.0% the Cu-IUD. IUD users were older and more likely to report previous pregnancy compared with implant users (p < 0.001). IUD insertion was considered easy in 82.9% of cases, with low complication rates and no insertion failures. Prior to enrollment, LARC use was uncommon, with most adolescents relying on short-acting methods. When provided with comprehensive counseling and free access within Primary Health Care unit, adolescents demonstrated high uptake of LARC methods, particularly the ENG implant. These findings support expanding LARC provision in public health services as a strategy to promote reproductive autonomy and reduce unintended adolescent pregnancy.

PMID 42503346
阅读全文 →
PubMedDentistry journal2026-07-27

Estradiol Enhances Alveolar Bone Resorption by Promoting Osteoclast Differentiation in Experimental Periodontitis.

Yasuda Keisuke K, Matsuda Shinji S, Memida Takumi T, Yoshimoto Tetsuya T et al.

Background/Objectives: Estrogen is a key female hormone; however, its role in periodontitis remains poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) on experimental periodontitis using an ovariectomy (OVX) model with E2 administration. Methods: Female mice aged 8-10 weeks underwent OVX, followed by induction of ligature-induced periodontitis, and subsequent quantification of alveolar bone resorption. Additional groups received an aromatase inhibitor or E2 supplementation after OVX, with subsequent induction of periodontitis and evaluation of bone resorption. Histological analysis assessed multinucleated giant cells and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclasts on the bone surface. Gingival tissue was analyzed for gene expression related to osteoclastogenesis. The effect of E2 on osteoclast differentiation from bone marrow cells was also examined. Results: OVX significantly reduced serum E2 levels and decreased alveolar bone resorption. Aromatase inhibitor administration similarly reduced bone loss. Histological evaluation revealed a reduced number of resorbing osteoclasts in OVX mice, whereas E2 supplementation increased osteoclast numbers. No significant changes in inflammatory cytokine or receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) expression were observed. E2 promoted osteoclast differentiation in vitro, and treatment with E2 prior to RANKL stimulation further increased the number of osteoclasts. This effect was suppressed by an estrogen receptor antagonist. Moreover, E2 enhanced the expression of osteoclast differentiation-associated genes in the presence of RANKL, an effect abolished by tamoxifen. Conclusions: E2 increased alveolar bone resorption in experimental periodontitis, likely by promoting osteoclast differentiation, independent of inflammatory cytokine or RANKL gene expression.

PMID 42505728
阅读全文 →
PubMedMembranes2026-07-27

Bench-Scale Evaluation of Hydraulic Performance and Rejection of Bisphenol-A and Estradiol by Different Nanofiltration Membranes as a Post-Treatment Step at the Lago Norte WTP-Brasília/DF, Brazil.

Gonçalves Bianca Campos BC, Brandão Cristina Celia Silveira CCS, Morais Kollar Sara Regina SR

Emerging micropollutants in drinking water sources represents a growing challenge for water treatment systems. Bisphenol-A (BPA) and 17β-estradiol (E2) are endocrine disruptors widely detected in aquatic matrices that are not efficiently removed by conventional treatment. This study evaluated, at the bench scale, operational performance and rejection of BPA and E2 by three nanofiltration membranes-NFM1, NFM2 and NFM3-operating at 8 bar and using ultrafiltered water from the Lago Norte Water Treatment Plant (WTP), Brasília/DF, Brazil, spiked with both compounds at 150-250 µg/L, as the feed matrix. Hydraulic parameters, such as permeate flux and water permeability, were assessed alongside rejection. NFM1 exhibited the highest permeate fluxes (136.1 and 171.7 L/h·m2); however, it showed the lowest rejection (E2: 57-73%; BPA: 28-60%). The NFM2 membrane showed intermediate rejection behavior (E2: 86-89%; BPA: 67-91%) but presented the lowest permeate flux (51.2 to 63.3 L/h·m2). The NFM3 membrane presented the highest rejection and greatest operational stability (E2: 90-95%; BPA: 95-97%), with a permeate flux of 59.1 to 67.0 L/h·m2. Size exclusion was the predominant removal mechanism, though adsorption also contributed during the initial hours of operation. The results confirm a trade-off between permeate production and contaminant rejection, with no single membrane outperforming all others across all criteria.

PMID 42506207
阅读全文 →
PubMedDiseases (Basel, Switzerland)2026-07-27

Circulating 25-Hydroxy-Vitamin D Levels in Menopausal and Postmenopausal Women in Italy: A Comparison of Four Analytical Methods.

Tomassetti Flaminia F, Pelagalli Martina M, Cortese Federico F, Giovannelli Alfredo A et al.

Vitamin D is a key regulator of skeletal homeostasis, and hypovitaminosis D is highly prevalent among postmenopausal women, who are at increased risk of osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and related complications. Accurate assessment of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is therefore essential. However, substantial variability exists among analytical methods, particularly between automated chemiluminescent immunoassays (CLIA) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), the latter considered the reference technique. This study aimed to compare four analytical methods, three CLIA platforms, and LC-MS/MS for measuring circulating 25(OH)D levels in a cohort of menopausal and postmenopausal women. A total of 425 serum samples from menopausal and postmenopausal women representing the real-world distribution of vitamin D levels in this population were analyzed using three automated CLIA systems and LC-MS/MS. Method comparison, agreement, precision through quality control assessment, total error, and sigma were evaluated. The evaluated CLIA platforms (Abbott, Snibe, and Siemens) showed strong correlation with LC-MS/MS, with r = 0.919, r = 0.978, and r = 0.879. Furthermore, all assays showed excellent precision (CV < 5%), with good-to-acceptable total error (TE) and Sigma-metric performance. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that while CLIA platforms offer a reliable and precise alternative for routine clinical use, these findings underscore the importance of method selection and result interpretation in the clinical assessment of vitamin D status in postmenopausal women. Furthermore, it highlights the ongoing need to minimize inter-assay variability and ensure consistent vitamin D assessment.

PMID 42505573
阅读全文 →

注册免费账户还可查看另外 9996 篇文献

免费注册查看全部文献 →

了解更多estradiol +levonorgestrel