buprenorphine

Sublingual Epidermoid Cyst in a Neonate-A Rare Case Report on Early Detection and Intervention.

Ararso Gelana Garoma GG, Dana Demerew Dejene DD, Fikire Matewos Amare MA, Bonger Mulugeta Temesgen MT et al.

Epidermoid cysts are rare benign developmental lesions that occur infrequently in the oral cavity, accounting for less than 0.01% of oral cysts. Congenital sublingual epidermoid cysts in neonates are extremely uncommon but may interfere with feeding and tongue movement. This report presents a rare case of a congenital sublingual epidermoid cyst in an 11-day-old neonate managed successfully with early surgical excision to restore normal feeding function. An 11-day-old male neonate from Ethiopia presented with a congenital swelling on the floor of the mouth beneath the left side of the tongue, which was noticed immediately after birth. The swelling, measuring 4 × 3 cm, was noticed immediately after birth. The initial fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) revealed a sublingual keratin cyst. Clinically, epidermoid cysts are characterized by a rubbery consistency on palpation, well-defined borders, and varying sizes. They are usually asymptomatic and slow-growing. The final diagnosis is usually confirmed by histopathological examination. Surgical excision, with the goal of complete removal including the cyst wall, is the definitive treatment option to prevent recurrence. If left untreated, the lesion may grow significantly and lead to complications such as dysphagia, breathing difficulties, pain, and reduced tongue movement.

A Pediatric Case of Reversible Eosinophilic Duodenitis Associated With Sublingual Immunotherapy.

Yabe Kiyoaki K, Shida Masaki M, Inagi Yoshihide Y, Shibusawa Hiroshi H et al.

Adverse Oral Mucosal Reaction to Sublingual Captopril: A Case Report With Exploratory Insights Into AI-Assisted Clinical Reasoning.

Júnior Antônio Roberto Garcia ARG, Velane Catarina Melquiades CM, Silva Larissa Araújo LA, Magario Caroline Akemi Mendes CAM et al.

Brixadi for Stimulant Use Disorder: Evolving Pharmacologic Considerations and Clinical Implications.

Sawaya M Farris MF, McNulty Molly E ME, Germain Collin J St CJS, Hachem Ibraheem A IA et al.

Substance use disorders are an increasing concern globally, causing a tremendous uptick in public health burden in recent years. Despite the growing attention these disorders receive, there remain no approved pharmacotherapies for stimulant use disorder, thereby contributing a major portion of this burden. This review examines the potential use of Brixadi, an extended-release injectable formulation of the widely used pharmacotherapy buprenorphine, indicated for opioid use disorder, in the treatment of stimulant use disorder. Psychostimulants, including cocaine, methamphetamine, and designer stimulants, all exert their effects by inhibiting or reversing the directionality of the monoamine transporters in the synaptic cleft. Inhibition or reversal of these transporters in the synaptic cleft allows dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine to remain in the synapse, which ultimately enhances their activity and contributes to the reinforcement of substance use. The reinforcement loop driven by excess neurotransmitters, particularly dopamine, provides a pharmacotherapeutic target via receptor interactions. Brixadi is an injectable extended-release buprenorphine primarily used to treat opioid use disorder. The extended-release mechanism enables sustained drug-receptor interaction, resulting in stable plasma drug concentrations. Buprenorphine is as a dual-acting agent, a partial μ-opioid receptor (MOR) agonist and a κ-opioid receptor (KOR) antagonist. KOR antagonism modulates symptoms of withdrawal in OUD, including dysphoria, stress, and drug cravings. Therefore, Brixadi's KOR antagonism may offer a promising pharmacologic target for stimulant use disorder recovery by mitigating these negative affective states. Additionally, the bimodal mechanism suggests that Brixadi may be a beneficial pharmacologic candidate for people who suffer from polysubstance use involving opioids and psychostimulants. While there is promise behind these developments, current studies are limited to preclinical trials and have not yet advanced toward clinical trials. However, Brixadi's extended-release profile and potential capability to minimize withdrawal-related dysphoria and stress-induced drug seeking present promise for further clinical investigation.